PROMOTING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SUB SAHARAN

AFRICA TO ACHIEVE THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Monty Jones,

Executive Director

UN presentation

Presentation Outline

Role of agriculture towards achievement of MDGs

Regional strategies and frameworks towards reforming African agriculture to increase its productivity thereby contributing to achievement of the MDGs CAADP, FAAP FARA and SROs

Conclusion

Performance of African agriculturePerformance of African agricultureCereal yields rose in all regions except Sub Saharan Africa (SSA)

SSA registered lowest growth in agricultural value added per agricultural population

Source: World Bank (2007) World Development Report 2008

LEGEND:

SSA – Sub Saharan Africa

SA – South Asia

EAP – East Asia and Pacific

MENA – Middle East and North Africa

LAC – Latin America and Caribbean

Indicators of agricultural performance show stagnation or decline in SSA

Role of agriculture towards achievement of MDGs in SSARole of agriculture towards achievement of MDGs in SSA

Goal Role of Agriculture in SSA

1. Eradicating poverty and hunger

Increase in agricultural productivity and access to markets increases income, food availability and reduces food prices

7. Ensure environmental sustainability

Practices that integrate sustainability; Increased productivity curbs pressure on sources of environmental services

2. Universal primary education

3. Empowerment of women

4. Reduction in child mortality,

5. Maternal health improvement

6. Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria + other diseases

Improving agricultural practices to relieve children, girls and women from labour and drudgery

Raising incomes

Enhancing food and nutrition security

SSA not likely to achieve MDG targets by 2015SSA not likely to achieve MDG targets by 2015

Unless current trends of decline are dramatically reversed, SSA is set to become the only region that will fail to achieve MDG targets by 2015

East Asia and Pacific

Latin America & Caribbean

South AsiaMDG

Targets

Sub Saharan Africa

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150

20

10

30

40

Sh

are

of

pe

op

le l

ivin

g o

n l

ess

than

US

$1 a

day

(%

)

Source: (World Bank 2005)

The African vision by AU/NEPADThe African vision by AU/NEPAD

Dynamic agricultural markets among nations/region Become a net exporter of agricultural products Food available/affordable + equitable wealth distribution Strategic player in agricultural S&T development Sustainable use of natural resources

Regional agricultural production to grow at an annual rate of 6% by 2015.

Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)

The CAADP PillarsThe CAADP Pillars

PILLAR 1Extending the area under sustainable land and water management

PILLAR 3Increasing food supply and reducing hunger

PILLAR 4Agricultural research, technology dissemination & adoption

• Integrated natural resource management

• Adoptive management of appropriate germplasm

• Development of sustainable market chains

• Policies for sustainable agriculture

PILLAR 2Improving rural infrastructure and trade-related capacities for market access

Each pillar has a lead institution responsible for developing a framework (guidelines and principles for implementation)

The Framework for African Agricultural Productivity (FAAP)The Framework for African Agricultural Productivity (FAAP)

1. Systematic fragmentation among innovation systems elements

• Capacity weaknesses

• Insufficient end-user involvement

• Ineffective farmer support systems

2. Fragmented external support

3. Inadequate investment in ARD

1. Systematic fragmentation among innovation systems elements

• Capacity weaknesses

• Insufficient end-user involvement

• Ineffective farmer support systems

2. Fragmented external support

3. Inadequate investment in ARD 4

% g

row

th r

ate

in

ag

ric

ult

ura

l pro

du

cti

vity

4%

gro

wth

ra

te in

a

gri

cu

ltu

ral p

rod

uc

tivi

ty

CA

AD

P

6%

gro

wth

ra

te in

ag

ricu

ltu

reC

AA

DP

6

% g

row

th r

ate

in a

gri

cult

urePrioritizes activities with the highest

potential to impact productivity, e.g.

Endorsed by African Heads of State and Government in June 2006

The FAAP processThe FAAP process

Common understanding of FAAP as a tool to: Provide sound guidance for

overall direction of agricultural productivity interventions

Support processes that steer institutions and programs towards CAADP vision

Advocate increased political support, technical, methodological support and financial support

FAAP as a tool for promoting agricultural innovationFAAP as a tool for promoting agricultural innovation

farmerfarmer

1. Evolution & reform of agricultural 1. Evolution & reform of agricultural institutions & servicesinstitutions & services

3. A

ligne

d &

coo

rdin

ated

fina

ncia

l sup

port

3. A

ligne

d &

coo

rdin

ated

fina

ncia

l sup

port

2. Increasing the scale of Africa’s

2. Increasing the scale of Africa’s

investment

investment

Extension, research, training & educationExtension, research, training & education

African countries, private sector

African countries, private sector

Dev

elop

men

t age

ncie

s, in

t’l

Dev

elop

men

t age

ncie

s, in

t’l

finan

cing

inst

itutio

ns

finan

cing

inst

itutio

ns

FAAP interventionsFAAP interventions

National (e.g. Poverty Reduction Strategies)- Response to market conditions and economic fluctuations- Knowledge sharing, synergies & feedback mechanisms

- Stakeholder participation in decision making

National (e.g. Poverty Reduction Strategies)- Response to market conditions and economic fluctuations- Knowledge sharing, synergies & feedback mechanisms

- Stakeholder participation in decision making

Sub-regional (e.g. WAAPP of West Africa)

-use of pluralistic model- use principles of subsidiarity

- cost sharing to achieve economies of scale- coordinated advocacy

Sub-regional (e.g. WAAPP of West Africa)

-use of pluralistic model- use principles of subsidiarity

- cost sharing to achieve economies of scale- coordinated advocacy

Regional (e.g. FARA regional initiatives)

-Advocacy for investments-Partnership building

-Exchange of info & learning

Regional (e.g. FARA regional initiatives)

-Advocacy for investments-Partnership building

-Exchange of info & learning

Relationship of FARA and SROs to FAAP & CAADPRelationship of FARA and SROs to FAAP & CAADP

CAADP

Pil

lar

1:

La

nd

ma

nag

em

ent

Pil

lar

2:

Ru

ral

infr

astr

uc

ture

Pil

lar

3:

Fo

od

su

pp

ly

Pil

lar

4:

Ag

ric

ult

ura

l re

sea

rch

&

te

ch

no

log

y d

iss

emin

ati

on

FARA

FAAP Evolution and reform of

agricultural institutions and services

Increasing the scale of Africa’s agricultural productivity investments

Aligned and co-ordinated financial support

SUB-REGIONAL

ORGANIZATIONS:

AA

RIN

ENA

ASA

REC

A

CO

RA

F/W

ECA

RD

SAD

C/F

AN

R

Strategic Plans

Operational Plans

Programmes

Projects

AU-NEPAD

FARA’s Regional InitiativesFARA’s Regional Initiatives

Network support function

Initiative Concept

1.Advocacy and resource mobilisation

FAAP Framework to guide interventions

2.Access to knowledge and technologies

RAILS Facilitate access to information and learning

DONATA Dissemination of technologies

3.Regional policies and markets ABBI Policies on emerging technologies

4. Capacity strengthening

SCARDA Institutional capacity development

BASIC Building Africa’s capacity to build it’s own capacity

5.Partnerships and strategic alliances

SSA-CP Promoting innovation systems approach to research

PAEPARD Inter-regional collaboration between Europe and Africa

10% Budget Allocation (2002-2004)

0

5

10

15

20

25

Benin

Buru

ndi

Cam

ero

on

Chad

Eth

iopia

Gabon

Gam

bia

Kenya

Mauritiu

s

Mozam

biq

ue

Nig

er

Senegal

Sie

rra L

eone

Sudan

Sw

azila

nd

Tanzania

Tunis

ia

Uganda

Zim

babw

e

% A

llo

cate

d t

o A

gri

c.

2002

2003

2004

Tracking progress towards 10%

contribution of national budgets

to agriculture (2002-04)

Increasing investment in African agricultural productivity programsIncreasing investment in African agricultural productivity programs

What is required?

• Substantial increase in funding from African governments

• G8 and associated development agencies to honour commitments to increase support to African agriculture

Harmonization of external funding supportHarmonization of external funding support

1. Synchronization of support to avoid fragmentation

2. Enhancement of overall funding to national governments

3. Contribute towards comprehensive + sustained funding

Aims

Mechanisms

1. Shift from project support to a programmatic approach

2. Adoption of common processes

• Common financial management procedures, monitoring and evaluation and reporting and review systems

3. Multi-donor trust funds or pooling of resources

Monitoring & Evaluation of FAAPMonitoring & Evaluation of FAAP

FAAP and CAADP review process To be undertaken in year 2010 and 2015 To cover status of agricultural innovation across the continent

FAAP monitoring and evaluation Investments in agricultural research and dissemination systems

Trends in value of agricultural production, productivity, trade

Trends in farmer income and poverty measures

Indicators of institutional capacity and reform

Number and area under new technologies

Number of farmers, processors and others adopting the new technologies

Policy, strategies and programs in place

Number of donors coordinating and harmonizing support under FAAP

ConclusionConclusion Agriculture is a fundamental instrument for achieving

broad-based development in Africa and the MDGs

A Vision and Framework for increasing agricultural productivity (CAADP & FAAP) are in place and have received endorsement at the highest political level.

We now need to speed up their implementation; a collective task for national, regional and international actors

Africa may not realise the MDGs by the target date of 2015, but with concerted effort towards the Vision it can achieve them within the lifetimes of our children!!