project x (accelerator) update: goals, status, and strategy

Project X (Accelerator) Update:Goals, Status, and Strategy

Steve HolmesFermilab Physics Advisory Committee

June 5, 2013

2

Outline

• Project X Goals

• Design Development

• Technology Development

• Moving Project X Forward

Our website: projectx.fnal.gov/

PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

http://projectx.fnal.gov/

Project X Goals

Our goal is to construct and operate the foremost Intensity Frontier facility in the world.

• Broadband attack on central questions of particle physicsutilizing neutrino, kaon, muon, nucleon, and atomic probes

• 6 MW of site-wide beam power to multiple experiments, with flexiblebeam formats, at energies rangingfrom 233 MeV to 120 GeV

• Platform for future development of aNeutrino Factory or Muon Collider

• Possible missions beyond particle physics– Energy and materials applications

PAC June 2013, S. Holmes 3

Reference Design

A complete design concept exists (Reference Design Report)• 3 GeV CW superconducting H- linac with 1 mA average beam current.

– Spallation-based program (nucleon/energy applications) at 1 GeV (1 MW)– Rare processes programs at 1 and 3 GeV (up to 3 MW)– Flexible provision for variable beam structures to multiple users

• 3-8 GeV pulsed linac capable of delivering 340 kW at 8 GeV – Enhanced performance for short and long-baseline neutrino programs– Establishes a path toward a muon-based facility

• Upgrades to the Recycler and Main Injector to provide ≥ 2 MW to the neutrino production target at 60-120 GeV.

Þ Utilization of a CW linac creates a facility that is unique in the world, with performance that cannot be matched in a circular accelerator based facility.


http://projectx-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/ShowDocument?docid=776

Reference Design Performance Goals


CW LinacParticle Type H-

Beam Kinetic Energy 3.0 GeVAverage Beam Current (@ 1 GeV) 2 mAAverage Beam Current (@ 3 GeV 1 mABeam Power to 1 GeV program 1000 kWBeam Power to 3 GeV program 2870 kW

Pulsed LinacParticle Type H-

Beam Kinetic Energy 8.0 GeVPulse rate 10 HzPulse Width 4.3 msecCycles to Recycler/MI 6Particles per cycle to Recycler/MI 2.71013

Beam Power 340 kWBeam Power to 8 GeV program 170 kW

Main Injector/RecyclerBeam Kinetic Energy (maximum) 120 GeVCycle time 1.2 secParticles per cycle 1.51014

Beam Power at 120 GeV 2400 kW

5

simultaneous

6

Flexible Beam Structures (Example/Stage 1)


1 GeV

1 msec

1 mA

0.91 mA

0.09 mA

f0/2

RFQ beam current: 3.64 mA

Transverse RF splitter at 1 GeV

Bunch pattern created in the MEBT

Staging

• Fiscal considerations/constraints have motivated development of a staging plan

• Staging principles:– Compelling physics opportunities at each stage– Cost of each stage substantially <$1B– Utilize existing infrastructure to the extent possible at each stage– Minimize interruptions to the ongoing program at each stage– Achieve full Reference Design capabilities at end of final stage

• Three stage plan developed in January 2012 – fleshed out over last year

• Reference Design siting plan developed consistent with staging


8

StagingSite Plan


Staged Physics Program

* Operating point in range depends on MI energy for neutrinos.** Operating point in range is depends on MI injector slow-spill duty factor (df) for kaon program.

9

Project X Campaign


Program:

NOnA +Proton Improvement Plan

Stage-1:1 GeV CW Linac driving Booster & Muon, n/edm programs

Stage-2: Upgrade to 3 GeV CW Linac

Stage-3: Project X RDR

Stage-4: Beyond RDR: 8 GeV power upgrade to 4MW

MI neutrinos 470-700 kW** 515-1200 kW** 1200 kW 2450 kW 2450-4000 kW

8 GeV Neutrinos 15 kW + 0-50 kW** 0-42 kW* + 0-90 kW** 0-84 kW* 0-172 kW* 3000 kW

8 GeV Muon program e.g, (g-2), Mu2e-1

20 kW 0-20 kW* 0-20 kW* 0-172 kW* 1000 kW

1-3 GeV Muon program, e.g. Mu2e-2

----- 80 kW 1000 kW 1000 kW 1000 kW

Kaon Program 0-30 kW** (<30% df from MI)

0-75 kW**(<45% df from MI)

1100 kW 1870 kW 1870 kW

Nuclear edm ISOL program

none 0-900 kW 0-900 kW 0-1000 kW 0-1000 kW

Ultra-cold neutron program

none 0-900 kW 0-900 kW 0-1000 kW 0-1000 kW

Nuclear technology applications

none 0-900 kW 0-900 kW 0-1000 kW 0-1000 kW

MuSR none 0-900 kW 0-900 kW 0-1000 kW 0-1000 kW

# Programs: 4

9

9

9

9

Total max power:

735 kW

2222 kW

4284 kW

6492 kW

11870kW

R&D Program

• The goal is to mitigate risk: technical/cost/schedule

• Technical Risks– Front End (PXIE – Project X Injector Experiment)– H- injection system

• Booster in Stage 1, 2; Recycler in Stage 3 – High Intensity Recycler/Main Injector operations– High Power targets

• Cost Risks– Superconducting rf

• Cavities, cryomodules, rf sources – CW to long-pulse

• Nearly all elements are in play at Stage 1

Þ Goal is to be prepared for a construction start in 2018 – most likely Stage 1 (and perhaps Stage 2)


11

Linac Technology Map


Section Freq Energy (MeV) Cav/mag/CM Type

RFQ 162.5 0.03-2.1

HWR (opt=0.11) 162.5 2.1-11 8/8/1 HWR, solenoid

SSR1 (opt=0.22) 325 11-38 16/8/ 2 SSR, solenoid

SSR2 (opt=0.51) 325 38-177 35/21/7 SSR, solenoid

LB 650 (G=0.61) 650 177-467 30/20/5 5-cell elliptical, doublet

HB 650 (G=0.9) 650 467-1000 42/16/7 5-cell elliptical, doublet

HB 650 (G=0.9) 650 1000-3000 120/30/15 5-cell elliptical, doublet

ILC 1.3 (G=1.0) 1300 3000-8000 224 /28 /28 9-cell elliptical, quad

PXIE

=0.11 =0.22 =0.51 =0.61 =0.9

325 MHz10-177 MeV

=1.0

1.3 GHz3-8 GeV

650 MHz0.18-3 GeV

CW

162.5 MHz0.03-11 MeV

LEBT RFQ MEBT

RT Pulsed

Project X Injector ExperimentPXIE

• PXIE is the centerpiece of the PX R&D program– Integrated systems test for Project X front end

components• Validate concept for Project X front end,

thereby minimizing primary technical riskelement within the Reference Design

• Operate at full Project X design parameters

• Systems test goals– 1 mA average current with 80% chopping of beam delivered from RFQ– Efficient acceleration with minimal emittance dilution through ~30 MeV

• PXIE will utilize components constructed to Project X specifications wherever possible

– Opportunity to re-utilize selected pieces of PXIE in PX/Stage 1

• Collaboration between Fermilab, ANL, LBNL, SNS, India


PXIE Layout

PXIE will address the address/measure the following:– LEBT pre-chopping – Vacuum management in the LEBT/RFQ region– Validation of chopper performance– Bunch extinction– MEBT beam absorber– MEBT vacuum management– Operation of HWR in close proximity to 10 kW absorber– Operation of SSR with beam– Emittance preservation and beam halo formation through the front end


RFQ MEBT HWR SSR1 HEBTLEBT

40 m, ~25 MeV

14

PXIE StatusTechnical

• Technical Components– Ion source operational and characterized (LBNL→FNAL)– LEBT emittance scanner procurement initiated (SNS)– LEBT solenoids ordered (FNAL)– RFQ design complete and procurements initiated (LBNL)– HWR cavity design complete and procurements initiated; CM design in

process (ANL)– SSR1 cavity prototypes characterized;

CM design in process (FNAL)– Chopper proof-of-principle prototypes

and driver development (FNAL, SLAC)• Infrastructure

– Siting established at CMTF– Shielded enclosure under construction


PXIE Enclosure at CMTF


PXIE time line

• Stage 1 complete – early FY17 (~Nov 2016)– Beam delivered to the end of MEBT with nearly final parameters (2.1

MeV, 1 mA CW, 80% arbitrary chopping)– SSR1 tested at full rf power

• Stage 2 complete – Aug 2017– HWR tested at full rf power

• Stage 3 complete – Aug 2018– All elements in place including final kicker and HEBT instrumentation– Beam through HWR and SSR1


17

SRF Acceleration

Energy gain/cavity for the CW Linac (0-3 GeV)


SRF DevelopmentStatus and Plans


SRF DevelopmentSSR1 (325 MHz)

• Two prototypes fabricated by industry, processed in collaboration with ANL, and tested at Fermilab as part of HINS program

• One cavity dressed with He vessel, coupler tuner• Two cavities in fabrication at IUAC-Delhi (Q3 FY13 )• Ten cavities fabricated by US industry (all have arrived, 6 tested)

– Tests in progress


Bare and dressed prototype SSR1 cavity

SRF DevelopmentSSR1 (325 MHz)


Bare cavity at 2 K

Microphonics Active Damping: SSR1 dressed cavity

Gradient/Q0 performance: SSR1 bare cavity at 2 K

• Prototypes:– Two single-cell =0.6 cavities received (JLab)– Six single-cell = 0.9 cavities received; four five-cell on order (AES)– Five single-cell = 0.9 cavities ordered(PAVAC, ARRA funds) – Prototypes at both under fabrication in India

• Infrastructure modifications completed for 650 MHz− Vertical Test Stand− Cavity handling & HPR tooling − Optical inspection system − New electro-polishing tool (ANL)


SRF Development650 MHz


Gradient/Q0 performance: 650 MHz, =0.9., single cell at at 2 K

Jan 29: EP only; Feb 15: EP+120C bake; Feb 19: BCP only.


SRF DevelopmentImproving Q0


• NbN: superconductor with higher Tc (~16K, compared to 9.2K for Nb);

• Nitridization: simple and inexpensive modification to standard Nb treatments.

• First result at FNAL: world record Q ~ 7.5e10 at 2K and 10MV/m for

a 1.3GHz single cell cavity; residual resistance <0.5 nOhm!

• HF rinse:• Single HF rinse (5 min) followed by water

rinse is beneficial for the medium field Q value – gains of up to 35% measured at 70 mT,

f=1.3 GHz (Bpeak/Eacc=4.26 mT/MeV/m).

Moving Project X ForwardStrategy

• Maintain strong engagement with U.S. strategic planning processes– DOE/SC Ten-Year Facilities Strategy– APS/DPF Community Summer Study (Snowmass on the Mississippi)

• Maintain CD-0 documentation in a continuing state of readiness– Up-to-date Reference Design Report– Up-to-date Construction Cost Estimate (by stage) – Up-to-date resource requirements for the pre-CD3 phase

• Align R&D program with risk reduction associated with the Reference Design

– Priority on Stages 1 and 2– Prepare for FY18 construction start

• Support DOE in negotiating contributions from India


25

Moving Project X ForwardDOE

• DOE Intensity Frontier Workshop– Direct input into all WGs – good coverage in final report in all topical areas

www.intensityfrontier.org

• Office of Science Facilities Plan– Presentations and Whitepapers to HEPAP Facilities Subpanel

indico.fnal.gov/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=6381The importance and breadth of the research program that the Project X accelerator facility enables and enhances leads the accelerator facility to be classified as absolutely central. Although R&D is still required for the spallation target needed by some experiments, all stages of the Project X accelerator facility are ready to initiate construction.Project X experiments that compose the research program range from important to absolutely central, but scientifically the Project X research program as a whole is classified as absolutely central. Being in the planning phase, the construction readiness of the Project X research program is classified as mission and technical requirements not yet fully defined, although some experiments are beyond this phase.

• Office of High Energy Physics– ~Monthly teleconference with Director to lay out development strategy


http://www.intensityfrontier.org/

https://indico.fnal.gov/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=6381



26

Moving Project X ForwardHEP Community Engagement

• Many colloquia, seminars, conference talks…• 2012 Project X Physics Study

– June 14-23, 2012• 217 registrants (153 non-Fermilab)

indico.fnal.gov/event/projectxps12

• Snowmass 2013– Conveners assigned in relevant groups

• S. Nagaitsev: Frontier Capabilities/High Intensity Secondary Beams Driven by Protons

• R. Tschirhart: Intensity Frontier – Frontier Capabilities liaison– Intensity Frontier/HISBDP/BNL

indico.bnl.gov/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=617 – Intensity Frontier Workshop/ANL

indico.fnal.gov/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=6248– Volume in preparation: RDR, Research Program, Broader Impacts

• Online roll-out online at the Users Meeting (June 13); to printer June 20


http://indico.fnal.gov/event/projectxps12

http://indico.bnl.gov/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=617



http://indico.fnal.gov/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=6248



27

Moving Project X ForwardCommunity Engagement beyond HEP

• Many colloquia, seminars, conference talks…• Project X Energy Station Workshop

– Jointly organized by Fermilab and PNNL• Participation from DOE/NE and DOE/SC (including FES)• Discussion/development of “Energy Station” concept

https://indico.fnal.gov/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=5836

• FESAC Report to SC Facilities Plan identified Fusion Material Irradiation Facility as:Science Assessment; “absolutely central”Readiness Assessment: “ready to initiate construction”“Viable facility options that meet the mission needs described above include US participation in IFMIF, MTS and Project X.”

• Project X Muon Spin Rotation (MuSR) Forum– TRIUMF is only Western Hemisphere facility– Natural domain is BES







1 GeVprotons

SpallationTarget

Cold Neutrons

Fission Materials

Fusion Materials

Physics Isotopes

PNNL Energy Station Concept evolving into Project X Integrated Target Station

GoalDevelop integrated spallation target station concept to serve DOE-NE, DOE-SC-FES/HEP/NP experimental needs

28

RationalCW spallation neutron source could augment limited US irradiation testing capabilitySynergy between Physics experimental needs and materials testing for fusion and fission communities

Project X – Stage 1Could provide ~1 MW of beam dedicated to a spallation neutron source for nuclear materials and fuels research (Energy Station) or shared with a physics mission facility with similar neutron source requirements (Integrated Target Station)

Project X Integrated Target Station has the potential to benefit several areas (beyond HEP)

Highest priority opportunities within the US Nuclear and Fusion energy programs are irradiation of fusion and fast reactor structural materials.Must provide a fusion and fast reactor relevant neutron flux at a minimum of 20 dpa per calendar year in a reasonable irradiation volume. Enable the in-situ real-time measurements of various separate-effects phenomena in fuels or materials, which would be very valuable to the modeling and simulation technical community. Such capabilities are more feasible in an accelerator-based system than a reactorintegral effects testing of fast reactor fuels, including driver fuel, minor actinide burning fuel, and transmutation of spent fuel.support DOE Office of Nuclear Energy plus Office of Science programs

Materials Program - Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) Isotope Production Program – Nuclear Physics (NP)ultra cold neutrons – Nuclear Physics (NP) 29

Closed Loop Test Modules· Removable/replaceable/customizable· Independent cooling system· n spectrum/material/temp/pressure to

match reactor conditions· ~30 cm dia

Spallation Target· Liquid Pb-Bi· >30 neutrons/proton· 1 GeV protons penetrate ~50 cm in lead· Neutrons Similar to fission spectrum· Samples can be irradiated in proton beam· Adding W or U can increase n flux density· Small volume ~ 10 cm dia, 60 cm length· Cleanup system for spallation products

Reflector· Steel/iron/nickel ·High n scatter· Flattens n flux distribution

Lead Matrix Test Region·Solid lead with gas or water cooling

· ~ 2 m diameter, 3 m length· Low n absorb/ High n scatter· High n flux/ Fast n spectrum· Acts as gamma shield

Project X Proton Beam· 1mA @ 1 GeV (1 MW)

Fast Spectrum Test Module: SFR, LFR, GFR

Project X Energy Station Concept

30

Thermal Spectrum Test Module: LWR, HTGR, MSR

Possible Muon Spin Resonance at Project X

• mSR is a technique invented by Garwin and Lederman.

• Polarized Muons from stopped pions embedded in material. Spin precession gives information on local fields.

• No U.S. facility since LAMPF. – PSI, J-PARC, TRIUMF, ISIS (RAL) have active

programs– Programs tend to only be able to handle 50% of

current demand.– Likely construction of a beamline at RISP also. – Synergy with neutron scattering – real space vs.

Fourier transform space. User communities overlap.

Concept for Project X

• Of greatest scientific interest right now are very low-energy muons (LEM), ~few keV for studies of 10-100 nm depths.

• LEM requires high power beam. (~5 x 10-13 m per proton). PX provides competitive intensities and can benefit from being a new facility to use optimized targetry and beamlines.

• PX beam flexibility can also be exploited via multiple low-power beamlines of conventional (4 MeV) muons.

• These beams can be used for fundamental physics.– Classic example is muonium-antimuonium

oscillation search.

Depth Profile of typical LEM experiment

Status and Activities• At present, design is “discussional”. Concepts and layouts

being explored.• Little experience => making contacts with experts.• Extremely successful MuSR Workshop held at FNAL,

October 17-19 2012– Attended by most major experts in the field.– Accelerators, materials science, chemistry.– University and laboratory scientists, international.

• Together with ongoing interactions, it is forming the basis of a section for “Broader Impacts” document for Project X.

• “Pre-conceptual” layout and capabilities generated for that purpose, and to encourage further work.

34

Moving Project X ForwardCollaboration

• Organized as a “national project with international participation”– Fermilab as lead laboratory

• Collaboration MOUs for the RD&D phase :National IIFC

ANL ORNL/SNS BARC/MumbaiBNL PNNL IUAC/DelhiCornell UTenn* RRCAT/IndoreFermilabTJNAF VECC/KolkataLBNL SLACMSU ILC/ARTNCSU*

• Recent additions are bringing capabilities we need for experimental programs, in particular neutron targets

• Ongoing collaboration/contacts with NGLS (LBNL), RISP (Korea), RAL/FETS (UK), ESS (Sweden), SPL (CERN), China/ADS


35

CollaborationIndian Institutions

• U.S. DOE – Indian DAE Implementing Agreement on “Accelerator and Particle Detector Research & Development for Discovery Science” – signed in July 2011

– Specific MOUs to be written underneath this agreement• Annex I covers Project X (currently under negotiation)• Significant Indian in-kind contribution possible (3 GeV linac)

• Major areas of collaborative development– Superconducting rf (cavities and cryomodules)– RF sources– LLRF– Instrumentation– Cryogenics

• Goal of the R&D program is to create capabilities in India to allow contribution to the construction phase (of PX…or their own facility)


Summary• Project X represents a unique opportunity for the U.S. to establish a world

leading Intensity Frontier program that will persist for decades.– Broadband attack on central questions of particle physics utilizing neutrino,

kaon, muon, nucleon, and atomic probes– 6 MW beam power available at energies ranging from 1 to 120 GeV– Platform for future development of a Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider

• Reference Design represents a complete, integrated, concept meeting the primary mission goals established for Project X

– Unmatched by any other facility, either in existence or in the planning stages, within the world today.

• Staging strategy with compelling physics opportunities at each stage

• R&D program underway– Directly tied to mitigating risks associated with the Reference Design, and

preparing for construction

Þ Project X could start construction in the second half of this decade


37

Backup Slides


38

Beam Structure (Stage 2,3; example)


RFQ beam current: 5.0 mA

39

PXIE StatusOrganizational

• PXIE is not a Project; it is a (major) sub-set of the Project X R&D Program– Organization Chart– Resource Loaded Schedule

• Complete design concept– Technical Design Handbook

• Complete set of Functional Requirements Specifications• Major (Internal) Technical Reviews

PXIE Program March 2012HWR Design March 2012RFQ Design April 2012RFQ Design Update November 2012

• DOE Technical, Cost, Schedule Review: January 2013• Funding Plan

– Devoting ~70% of Project X and 25% of SRF funds to PXIE



PXIE MEBT

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Chopped beam

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Project X Goals

The goal is to construct and operate the foremost Intensity Frontier facility in the world.• A neutrino beam for long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments

– 2 MW proton source at 60-120 GeV

• MW-class proton beams at 1 & 3 GeVfor kaon, muon, neutrino, and nuclei/nuetron based precision experiments– Operations simultaneous with the

neutrino program

• A path toward a muon source forpossible future Neutrino Factory and/or a Muon Collider– Upgradable to ~4 MW at ~5-15 GeV

• Possible missions beyond particle physics– Energy and materials applications


SRF DevelopmentProject X Cavity Requirements


Section Freq.MHz

Gain per

cavity,MeV

Gradient*, MeV/m

Peak electric field,

MV/m

Peak magnetic field,

mT

R/Q, Ohm

Q0@2K(1010)

RF load per

cavity, W

HWR (G=0.11)

162.5 1.7 8.2 38 41 272 0.5 2.1

SSR1 (G=0.22)

325 2 10 38 58 242 0.5 3.3

SSR2 (G=0.51)

325 5.3 11.2 39 70 275 1.2 8.5

LB650 (G=0.61)

650 11.7 16.6 38 70 378 1.5 24

HB650 (G=0.9)

650 17.7 17 34 64 638 2.0 25

1.3 GHz(pulsed)

1300 26 25 50 106 1036 1.0 5**

*Leff=Gn/2, n is number of cells, ** Duty factor is 8%


Assemble Commission & Operate

InstallProcess & VTS

Dress & HTS

Design Procure

SRF Plan

44

Chopper Driver




Gradient/Q0 performance: Single cell =0.6 cavities from JLab

PNNL Energy Station Concept

46

A new approach utilizing the flexibility of an accelerator neutron source with spectral tailoring coupled with a careful design of a set of independent test loops can provide a flexible neutron test station for DOE NE applications

Spectrum Tailoring Can Simulate A Different Reactor in Each Module

47Water/Zr Light Water Module Graphite/He Module

Sodium/steel Module Lead/steel Module

48

Moving Project X ForwardCommunity Engagement


Protons to Spallation

mSR target

LEM target

Protons to Muon/Booster

LEM 1LEM

2

mSR 3

mSR 1

mSR 2

mSR 4

Project X Protons

mSR Muons

Low Energy Muons for mSR

SpallationMuon Area/BoostermSR Target

f0/2 filter

f0/4 filter

Cost Estimate

• Bottoms up estimate based on the Reference Design– Estimate is for the construction period, CD-3 through CD-4– Based on construction duration of 5 years/stage

• Scope is from ion source through kickers and/or separators

• DOE style estimate, includes– Purchases from vendors– All labor (FNAL rates)– All overheads (FNAL rates)– Contingency (40%)

• Does not account for possible Indian in-kind contribution

• Estimate in FY2013 dollars:

Stage 1 $670M

Stage 2 $500M

Stage 3 $660M


project x (accelerator) update: goals, status, and strategy

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