project ramp way

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Project Rampway

ME 450 Finite Element Analysis Spring 07Aaron Emmons, Bryce Young and Eric BushProfessor Dr. K. Nema

Monday April 30 th , 2007


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Presentation Summary Eric Objective Introduction Theoretical Concepts Model Details / Material Properties / Cost

Aaron Loading Cases Results and Discussion

Bryce Finish Results and Discussion Impact Statement Present Conclusions


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Objectives Utilize knowledge learned through Mechanical

Engineering to obtain experimental results on a real-world example

Examine two different materials to optimize a motorcycleramp for structural integrity and usability

Accomplished by structural Finite Element Analysis of both aluminum and steel ramps through Pro/E and Pro/EMechanica


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Theoretical Background

Von Mises Stress in 3 dimensions:

Displacement in terms of Cartesian components:


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Theoretical Background Cont.

Relation between Von Mises, Yield Strength, and factor of safety:

Factor of Safety:

safetyof factor Stress Maximum

Material of StressYield _ _ _

_ _ _


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Model Details

Table 1: Ramp Dimensions

Ramp Dimensions

Dimension metric SI Length 2.2350m 7.33ft

Width 0.3048m 1.00ftTop Surface

Area 0.3786m^2 4.075ft^2Volume 0.009m^3 0.318ft^3


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Model Details II

Table 2: Material Properties

Material Properties (3)

property Steel Aluminum unit

E 200 72.4 Gpa

p 7861.1 2795 kg/m^3

poison ratio 0.29 0.33yield strength 434 414 Mpaultimate yield

strength 703 469 Mpa


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Model Details III Table 3: Steel vs. Aluminum Properties

MaterialWeight

(kg)Weight

(lb)Cost($/lb)

Raw MaterialCost ($)

Aluminum 25.06 55.21 17.50 966.15

Steel 70.48 155.28 7.77 1206.51


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Model Details IV

Mesh

Automatically generated by Pro-Mechanica at 1300elements

Multi-pass adaptive solution


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Model Loading Uniform Pressure Load, Central Localized Load and Off-

centered Localized Load Ramp is fixed for zero displacement at the base as well

as the top angled flange to simulate ground and truckbed loading conditions


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Loading Conditions Uniform Pressure Load used to establish initial

maximum load and force per unit area

Central Localized Load set at approximately 60 inches(average wheel base of motorcycle) to simulatemotorcycle tires

Off-Center Localized Load real world condition of loading motorcycle up ramp under the assumption tireswill not follow center of ramp


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Uniform Pressure LoadSteel Von Mises Stress Analysis (Load = 17500 N/m^2)


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Uniform Pressure Load Aluminum Displacement (Load = 16000 N/m^2)


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Uniform Pressure Load

Steel Displacement (Load = 17500 N/m^2)


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Central Localized Load Von Mises Stress Analysis (Load = 4479 N)

Aluminum Steel


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Central Localized Load Displacement (Load = 4479 N)

Aluminum Steel


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Results of Central Localized Load

Aluminum

Steel

N Load (N/m^2)

Max Max Yield Factor

Displacement (m) Stress Stress (MPa) of Safety

(MPa)

4479 13000 0.00966 129.3 414 3.2

N Load (N/m^2)



(MPa)

4479 13000 0.003515 130.4 434 3.33


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Off-Center Localized Load Von Mises Stress Analysis (Load = 4479 N)

Aluminum Steel


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Off-Center Localized Load Displacement (Load = 4479 N)

Aluminum Steel


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Off-Center Localized Load Bending due to off-center loading


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Results of Off-Center Localized Load

Aluminum

Steel

N Load (N/m^2)



(MPa)

4479 13000 0.00995 141.3 414 2.93

N Load (N/m^2)



(MPa)

4479 13000 0.00362 142.2 434 3.05


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Impact Statement This project is simulates a material selection and design

validation process that a manufacturer would use inchoosing a material and verifying the functional limits of a design prior to production.

An FEA analysis aids in producing a product thatperforms as advertised, which allows the production asafe and cost effective design that fulfills the needs of

consumers.

Due to familiarity, Pro/E Mechanica was used to as theFEA software to perform the described analysis.


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Conclusions The highest magnitude of stress occurred at the

intersection of the angled flange

The largest displacements occurred at the center of theramp.

Cost - Aluminum cost less than steel by more than $240

Weight Steel out weighs aluminum by more than 100lbs increasing the difficulties associated with normal useand transportation


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Conclusions Cont. Strength For the same design, steels structural

properties are superior to aluminums allowing for higher load limits and smaller displacements under the loadconditions produce by a 1000lb motorcycle.

Consider weight, cost, and loaded performance,aluminum proved to be the superior material for themotorcycle ramp.

Aluminum motorcycle ramps are widely produced,indicating that manufacturers arrived at similar conclusions.


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References

1. http://www.realclassic.co.uk/ridesfiles/rides05011401.jpg

2. http://www.horizonsunlimited.com/newsletter/images2003/2003-04-01_Maarten-TwoWheeler.jpg

3. ME450 Lecture Notes via Oncourse
http://www.realclassic.co.uk/ridesfiles/rides05011401.jpghttp://www.realclassic.co.uk/ridesfiles/rides05011401.jpghttp://www.horizonsunlimited.com/newsletter/images2003/2003-04-01_Maarten-TwoWheeler.jpghttp://www.horizonsunlimited.com/newsletter/images2003/2003-04-01_Maarten-TwoWheeler.jpghttp://www.horizonsunlimited.com/newsletter/images2003/2003-04-01_Maarten-TwoWheeler.jpghttp://www.horizonsunlimited.com/newsletter/images2003/2003-04-01_Maarten-TwoWheeler.jpghttp://www.horizonsunlimited.com/newsletter/images2003/2003-04-01_Maarten-TwoWheeler.jpghttp://www.horizonsunlimited.com/newsletter/images2003/2003-04-01_Maarten-TwoWheeler.jpghttp://www.horizonsunlimited.com/newsletter/images2003/2003-04-01_Maarten-TwoWheeler.jpghttp://www.horizonsunlimited.com/newsletter/images2003/2003-04-01_Maarten-TwoWheeler.jpghttp://www.horizonsunlimited.com/newsletter/images2003/2003-04-01_Maarten-TwoWheeler.jpghttp://www.horizonsunlimited.com/newsletter/images2003/2003-04-01_Maarten-TwoWheeler.jpghttp://www.horizonsunlimited.com/newsletter/images2003/2003-04-01_Maarten-TwoWheeler.jpghttp://www.realclassic.co.uk/ridesfiles/rides05011401.jpghttp://www.realclassic.co.uk/ridesfiles/rides05011401.jpg


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