Project Management Gaafar 2006 / 1

* This Presentation is uses information from PMBOK Guide 2000

Project Management

Human Resource Management*

Dr. Lotfi Gaafar

Project Management

Project Organization Structure

Uses information from Project Management: The Managerial Process. Gary and Larson

Project Management

Functional Organizations

– Different segments of the project are delegated to respective functional units.

– Coordination is maintained through normal management channels.

– Used when the interest of one functional area dominates the project or one functional area has a dominant interest in the project’s success.

Project Management

Functional Organization of Projects

Advantages

– No Structural Change

– Flexibility

– In-Depth Expertise

– Easy Post-Project Transition

Disadvantages

– Lack of Focus

– Poor Integration

– Slow

– Lack of Ownership

Project Management

Dedicated Teams

– Teams operate as separate units under the leadership of a full-time project manager.

– In a projectized organization where projects are the dominant form of business, functional departments are responsible for providing support for its teams.

Project Management

Dedicated Team

Advantages

– Simple

– Fast

– Cohesive

– Cross-Functional Integration

Disadvantages

– Expensive

– Internal Strife

– Limited Technological Expertise

– Difficult Post-Project Transition

Project Management

Matrix Structure

– Hybrid organizational structure (matrix) is overlaid on the normal functional structure.

Two chains of command (functional and project) Project participants report simultaneously to both functional

and project managers.

– Matrix structure optimizes the use of resources. Allows for participation on multiple projects while performing

normal functional duties. Achieves a greater integration of expertise and project

requirements.

Project Management

Matrix Structure

Advantages

– Efficient

– Strong Project Focus

– Easier Post-Project Transition

– Flexible

Disadvantages

– Dysfunctional Conflict

– Infighting

– Stressful

– Slow

Project Management

Project Management Structures

Challenges to Organizing Projects– The uniqueness and short duration of projects relative

to ongoing longer-term organizational activities– The multidisciplinary and cross-functional nature of

projects creates authority and responsibility dilemmas. Choosing an Appropriate Project Management

Structure– The best system balances

the needs of the project with the needs of the organization.

Project Management

Choosing the Appropriate Project Management Structure

Organization Form Considerations– How important is the project to the firm’s success?– What percentage of core work involves projects?– What level of resources (human and physical) are

available?

Project Management

Choosing the Appropriate Project Management Structure (cont’d)

Project Considerations– Size of project– Strategic importance– Novelty and need for innovation– Need for integration (number of departments involved)– Environmental complexity (number of external

interfaces)– Budget and time constraints– Stability of resource requirements

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Project Human Resource Management

“project human resource management includes the processes required to make the most effective use of the people involved in the project. It includes all the project stakeholders-sponsors, customers, partners, individual contributors, and others.”

Processes include–Organizational planning–Staff acquisition–Team development

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Planning

Acquisition

Development

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Responsibility Matrix

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Keys to Managing People

Psychologists and management theorists have devoted much research and thought to the field of managing people at work

Important areas related to project management include– motivation– influence and power– effectiveness

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Motivation

Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchy of needs to illustrate his theory that people’s behaviors are guided by a sequence of needs

Maslow argued that humans possess unique qualities that enable them to make independent choices, thus giving them control of their destiny

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Organizational Planning

Organizational planning involves identifying, documenting, and assigning project roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships

Outputs and processes include– project organizational charts– work definition and assignment process– responsibility assignment matrixes– resource histograms

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Staff Acquisition

Staffing plans and good hiring procedures are important in staff acquisition, as are incentives for recruiting and retention

Some companies give their employees one dollar for every hour a new person they helped hire works

Some organizations allow people to work from home as an incentive

Research shows that people leave their jobs because they don’t make a difference, don’t get proper recognition, aren’t learning anything new, don’t like their coworkers, and want to earn more money

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Rewards and Recognition

• Reward and recognition systems are actions taken by project management in order to promote and achieve desired behavior and outcomes.

• The link between project performance and reward must be made clear and achievable.

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Rewards and Recognition

Considerations for Reward and Recognition• Size of the project• Project cost budget must be met• Desired quality of products• Scheduled date of completion must be met• Health and safety targets • Improved sales margin• Ideas that make a difference ( employee

suggestions)• Recognition of outstanding performance

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Training:

• Definition:“ A planned process to modify attitude, knowledge or

skill behavior through learning experience to achieve effective performance in an activity or range of activity. In order to satisfy the current and future needs of a project”

• Distinction between training and development.

(A different definition)

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Considerations to be taken:

• Is training a solution for the problem?

• Are the goals clear and realistic?

• Is it a good investment?

• Will it work?

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Needs Assessment Phase

• Organization needs.• Task needs.• Person needs.

Development and Training Conduct

• Location.On Job (OJT)Off Job

• PresentationSlides and video tapes.ComputerSimulationVirtual reality

• Types. Skills Retraining

Cross Functional Training Team Training Creativity Training

Evaluation

Training Process