progressive era changes: municipal & state reforms
TRANSCRIPT
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Progressive Era Progressive Era Changes:Changes:
MUNICIPAL & MUNICIPAL & STATE REFORMSSTATE REFORMS
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MUNICIPAL MUNICIPAL REFORMREFORM
• municipal reform• utilities - water, gas, electricity,
trolleys• council-manager plan (Dayton, 1913)
Shoe line - Shoe line - Bowery men with Bowery men with gifts from ward gifts from ward boss Tim Sullivan, boss Tim Sullivan, February, 1910February, 1910
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MUNICIPAL MUNICIPAL REFORMREFORM
council-manager plan (Dayton, 1913)
COUNCIL MEMBER
CITY MANAGE
R
COUNCIL MEMBER
COUNCIL MEMBER
COUNCIL MEMBER
COUNCIL MEMBER
strong mayor system
COUNCIL MEMBER
COUNCIL MEMBER
COUNCIL MEMBER
COUNCIL MEMBER
COUNCIL MEMBER
MAYOMAYORR
CITY SERVICE
S
CITY SERVICES
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STATE POLITICAL STATE POLITICAL REFORMREFORM
• secret ballots• direct primary• Seventeenth
Amendment (1913)o initiativeo referendumo recall
Robert M. LaFolletteRobert M. LaFollette, , Wisconsin Governor 1900-06Wisconsin Governor 1900-06
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STATE POLITICAL REFORMSTATE POLITICAL REFORM
Voter Participation in Presidential Elections, 1876-1920
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STATE SOCIAL STATE SOCIAL REFORMSREFORMS
• professional social workers • settlement houses - education, culture, day
care• child labor laws
o Enable education & advancement for working class children
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STATE SOCIAL STATE SOCIAL REFORMSREFORMS
• workplace & labor reforms o eight-hour work day eight-hour work day o improved safety & health conditions in improved safety & health conditions in
factoriesfactorieso workers compensation laws workers compensation laws o minimum wage lawsminimum wage lawso unionization unionization o child labor lawschild labor laws
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, 1913
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State Social Reform: Child LaborState Social Reform: Child LaborChild Laborers in Indiana Glass Works, Midnight, Indiana. 1908
Child Laborer, Newberry, S.C. 1908
“Breaker Boys” Pennsylvania, 1911
Shrimp pickers in Peerless Oyster Co. Bay St. Louis, Miss., March 3, 1911
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Settlement Settlement HousesHouses
• Settlement Houses• Hull-House – Jane Addams
Jane Addams (1905) Hull-House Complex in 1906
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TEMPERANCETEMPERANCE• Temperance Crusade• Women’s Christian
Temperance Union (WCTU)
• Anti-Saloon League
Frances Willard (1838-98), Frances Willard (1838-98), leader of the WCTUleader of the WCTU
Anti-Saloon League Campaign, DaytonAnti-Saloon League Campaign, Dayton
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TEMPERANCE & PROHIBITIONTEMPERANCE & PROHIBITION• Eighteenth Amendment
Prohibition on the Eve of Prohibition on the Eve of the 18th Amendment, 1919the 18th Amendment, 1919
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SOCIALISMSOCIALISMALTERNATIVES
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SOCIALISMSOCIALISM• Socialist Party• Eugene V. Debs
• Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or “Wobblies”)
Socialists parade, May Day, 1910
Eugene V. DebsEugene V. Debs
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Who helped make these Who helped make these changes?changes?
““Fighting Bob”Fighting Bob”
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Robert M. LaFollette’sRobert M. LaFollette’s• Born in Primrose, WI Born in Primrose, WI (1855)(1855)
• U.W. Law School U.W. Law School (1880)(1880)
• House of Representatives House of Representatives (1885-1891)(1885-1891)
• Governor of WI Governor of WI (1901-1905)(1901-1905)
• U.S. Senator U.S. Senator (1905-1925)(1905-1925)
• Presidential Candidate Presidential Candidate (1924)(1924)
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Robert LaFollette’s – “Robert LaFollette’s – “Wisconsin IdeaWisconsin Idea””
PROGRESSIVE REFORMSPROGRESSIVE REFORMS
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Progressive Reforms
1913Taxable Income Rate
$3,000-20,000 1%
$20,000-50,000 2%
$50,000-75,000 3%
$75,000-100,000 4%
$100,000-250,000 5%
$250,000-500,000 6%
$500,000+ 7%
2005Taxable Income Rate
$0-10,000 10%
$10,000-35,050 15%
$35,051-98,250 20%
$98,251-159,100 28%
$159,101-311,950 30%
$311,950+ 35%
• Graduated Income Tax – 16th Amendment
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Progressive Reforms• Workers Compensation
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Progressive Reforms
• Government control of Railroads
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Progressive Reforms• Money for Education
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Progressive Reforms
• Civil Service Reform
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Wisconsin Idea – Voting Reform
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Direct Primary – Election open to all voters in a political party
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Initiative – Lets voters introduce a law.
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Referendum – People vote for or against a proposed law
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Recall – Gives citizens the chance to remove elected officials
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Legacy of LaFolletteLegacy of LaFollette• Opposed US entry Opposed US entry
into World War Iinto World War I
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Legacy of LaFolletteLegacy of LaFollette• Opposed US entry Opposed US entry
into World War Iinto World War I
• Third Party Third Party Candidate in the Candidate in the 1924 Presidential 1924 Presidential ElectionElection
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Legacy of LaFolletteLegacy of LaFollette• Opposed US entry Opposed US entry
into World War Iinto World War I
• Third Party Third Party Candidate in the Candidate in the 1924 Presidential 1924 Presidential ElectionElection
• Made Wisconsin a Made Wisconsin a leader in leader in socialsocial and and politicalpolitical reform reform