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ProgrammeProgramme«« Agriculture & Agriculture & SustainableSustainable DevelopmentDevelopment »»

Nicolas DurandINRA, Paris, France

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OutlineOutline

Background Major scientific challenges and research topicsOrganisation and implementation

Interaction with policy and stakeholders

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BackgroundBackground

The role of agriculture is changingUpstream segment of food industryManagement tool for rural areas

Status of agriculture increasingly determined by its interactions with other activities and sectors

New demands and requirementsEvolution of agricultural policies

Agriculture and Sustainable Development rather than SustainableAgriculture

Identification and promotion of the contribution of agriculture to SD, ieits contribution to economic, social and environnemental objectives No self centered vision of agriculture

A new wave of innovation (technical and organisational) and a challenge for agricultural research

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Challenge: understanding and mastering the two ways Challenge: understanding and mastering the two ways relationships between agriculture and development processesrelationships between agriculture and development processes

Analysing and modeling these relationshipsAssessing their short-, medium- and long-term effects on ecological, economic and social systems Mastering these relationships in order to bring together economic viability, social equity and ecological sustainability

A very broad definition of agriculture : farm activities + forestry + aquaculture + food processing + coastal marine resources Development processes : economic growth + individual and collective well being

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ResearchResearch topicstopics

The development processes and agricultureInteraction between agriculture and other activitiesRole of agriculture on local processes and territorial differentiation

Use and preservation of renewable natural resourcesAnalysis of current uses of resources and their driving forcesPromotion of sustainable practices and policies

Evolution and adaptation of production and processing systems

Description and modeling of these systemsDriving forces and flexibilityInnovation to increase this flexibility

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ResearchResearch topicstopics (2)(2)

Systems and processes for innovation, research and development

Ex ante and ex post evaluation of innovationsDesign and development of innovations which meet sustainable development criteriaAnalysis of R & D systems and their outputsRenewal of methods and systems involved in innovation processes

Society, government policies and markets: respective roles and coherence with respect to sustainable development

Combination of public/private decision-making processesConflictsEfficiency, cost and complexity of public regulationEffect of public policies on the evolution of systems and overall assessment

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Organisation and Organisation and implementationimplementation

Lauched in 2005 (up to 2010) after 1 year of brain stormingLarge partnership : funding agencies, ministries, public research institutes, technical institutes, regions, NGOsPluridisciplinary approachBudget 14 M€ (self financing not included)2 calls for proposals : 2005 and 2006Steering committee and international scientific committeeEuropean partnership as an objective (projects & programme): working group of national programmes managers in the field of « Agriculture and SustainableDevelopment : the role of agriculture in the territorial dynamics of development »

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ADD ADD PartnershipPartnershipA programme operated by INRA on behalf of :

National Research Agency

4 research institutes : CEMAGREF, CIRAD, INRA, IFREMER

2 Ministries et 1 national agency : ADEME, MAP, MEDD

2 agricultural R&D bodies : ACTA, APCA

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ResearchResearch projectsprojects

32 research projects (3 years duration)1459 participants, 307 teams, 50 research bodies and universities

= nationwide programme2/3 technical sciences (agronomy, animal sciences, ecology…) / 1/3 social sciences (economy, sociology…) Animal production, plant production, natural resourcesmanagement, territorial development, monitoring tools, policyanalysis….

Impact assesment of agricultural policy reforms (economic, environmental, structural aspects)Sustainable rural development policies around the world

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VIN : Quelles interventions publiques et privées peuvent être envisagées pour réduire l'utilisation des traitements phytosanitaires dans le secteur du vin? (G. Soler)PRAITERRE : La place et le rôle des prairies dans la gestion agri-environnementale et écologique d'un territoire de polyculture-élevage (G. Lemaire)TRANS : Transformations de l'élevage et dynamique des espaces (B. Dedieu)DISCOTECH : DISpositifs innovants pour la Conception et l'évaluation de systèmes TECHniques (T. doré, S. Ingrand)CEDRE : Exploitation durable de résistances aux maladies chez les végétaux (L. Bousset)C3D : Collectifs de consommateurs, questionnement social et consommation durable (S. Dubuisson Quellier)ComMOD : La modélisation d'accompagnement : une pratique de recherche en appui au développement durable (M. Etienne)EVAD : Evaluation de la durabilité des systèmes de production aquacoles. Elaboration d'une méthode et application dans différents contextes en zones tropicale et tempérée (J. Lazard)Eco-Serre : Viabilité des systèmes de cultures protégées dans un contexte d'agriculture durable (T. Boulard)GeDuQue : Innovations agro-écologiques et organisationnelles pour une gestion durable de la qualité de l'eau dans des régions de monoculture à forts niveaux d'intrants phytosanitaires (C. Gary)COPT : Conception d'Observatoires de Pratiques Territorialisées (M. Benoit)PRODDIG : Promotion du Développement Durable par les indications géographiques (B. Sylvander)DST : Dégradation physique des sols agricoles et forestiers liée au tassement : conséquences environnementales et économiques, prévision, prévention, suivi, cartographie (G. Richard)ACDuQ : Action collective pour une maîtrise durable de la santé animale : qualification sanitaire en élevage de ruminants (C. Fourrichon)IMPACTS : Impacts marchands, non marchands et structurels des réformes des politiques agricoles et agri-environnementales (A. Thomas)

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AMAZ-ES : Services écosystémiques des paysages agrosylvopastoraux amazoniens : Analyse des déterminants socio-économiques et simulation de scénariosAUTREMENT : Aménager l’Utilisation des Terres et des Ressources de l’Environnement en Modélisant les Ecosystèmes aNTropiquesAVITER : Filières AVIcoles en France et au Brésil : Impacts sur le développement durable des bassins de production et des TERritoiresBemisiaRisk : Crises phytosanitaires liées aux bioinvasions : cas emblématique du risque Bemisia-virus en cultures sous abri en zone méditerranéenne.COSADD : Critères et Objectifs de Sélection Animale pour un Développement DurableCOVER : COnflits d’usage et de Voisinage dans les Espaces Ruraux et périurbains (quand les conflits durent…)DÉDUCTION : La viabilité : une contribution à l’ingénierie du développement durableEBP-BIOSOC : Validité des connaissances scientifiques et intervention publique : le cas de l’agriculture dans le développement durable ECOLABELS : L'écolabellisation : un mode d'action efficace pour le développement durable?ECOSSYLV’ : Un outil d’intervention pour protéger et améliorer l’état et la disponibilité des services écosystémiques en savane tropicale : la sylvicultureEQUECO : L'émergence de la quinoa dans le commerce mondial : quelles conséquences sur la durabilité sociale et agricole dans l'Altiplano Bolivien ?GEDUPIC : La protection intégrée des cultures : Construire et favoriser une gestion écologique de la santé des plantesNORMES : Réguler par les normes. Les dispositifs de normalisation dans la gouvernance du développement durable.POPULAR : Politiques publiques et gestions paysannes de l’arbre et de la forêt : alliance durable ou dialogue de dupes ?PRO-DD : PROduction de Connaissances, Innovation et Développement en agriculture et concrétisation du Développement DurablePROPOCID : La production des politiques de développement rural durable dans leurs contextes : Construction decompromis institutionnels et ajustements temporels entre le global et le local

SPA/DD : Systèmes de Production Animale et Développement Durable www.inra.fr/add

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Interaction Interaction withwith policypolicy and and stakeholdersstakeholdersSupport to policies is not a priority

Two ministries in the steering committee, 1 theme dedicated to “markets, policies and society” and 4 themes with indirect links with policies (CAP, rural development, environmental policy…)ADD = generic research with no ambition to impact directly public policiesIndirect impact expected through a better knowledge of agriculture / development processes and how to master these relationships = leverages for policies

Interaction with stakeholders, corner stone of the programmeDevelopment is an actor oriented topic : policy makers, producers, NGOs and other stakeholdersIndividual and collective behaviours and systems = research subject and targets for the programmeStakeholders have been involved at each stage of the programme

Dialogue between scientists and stakeholders during the preparation period : brainstorming on strategic issues, discussion and negotiation on the programme guidelines…Direct contribution to the implementation of the projects (one of the delectioncriteria)

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Interaction Interaction withwith policypolicy and and stakeholdersstakeholders

A large partnership researchers/stakeholders in the projects170 organisms involved in 25 projects (1 to 21 / project)Farmers organisations, ministries, local authorities, industries, agricultural R&D institutes, consumers organisations, environmental NGOs…. From France, Europe, South America, Africa, Asia…Agricultural sector = 2/3 of the parntersDiversity of involvement : from data suppliers of field experiments to real research partners, from late and passive interactions to co-building of the research project…Problems : time consuming, asymetry of information, agenda and objectives disconnected…

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Interaction Interaction withwith policypolicy and and stakeholdersstakeholders

Partnership researchers/stakeholders : objective or tool ?Steering committee / Scientific committee disagreement : no issue can beadressed efficiently without the stakeholders / partnership often preventsinnovative researchPartnership depends on : the subject (practical problem/theorical issue), type of research (fondamental research/applied research), partners (size, skills, activties…), quality and balance of the partnership (how to involve non agricultural actors in agricultural research?)…Researchers and partners need tools and theorical references to implement thispartnership

Seminars to exchanges experiences and tools (Researchers and partners)Conferences to provide theorical references (innovation sociology…)

= Understand and improve the researchers/stakeholders partnership is one of the scientific challenge of the programme