PROFORMA – I

PROFORMA FOR SUBMISSION OF PROJECT PROPOSALS ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PROGRAMME SUPPORT

(To be filled by the applicant)

PART I: GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Name of the Institute/University/Organization submitting the Project Proposal: Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 2. State: Delhi 3. Status of the Institute: Premium 4. Name and designation of the Executive Authority of the Institute/University forwarding the application: Dean, Industrial Research and Development, IIT Delhi 5. Project Title: Development of technology for purified silk sericin extraction and its application in pharmaceutical and biomedical products 6. Category of the Project: R&D 7. Specific Area: Task force on Seribiotechnology

8. Duration: Three Years

9. Total Cost (Rs.) 80, 17,664

10. Is the project Single Institutional or Multiple-Institutional (S/M) ? : Single

Institutional with industrial partner

Industry Name: M/s SERICARE, Divn. Healthline Pvt. Ltd,Bangalore.

11. Scope of application indicating anticipated product and processes The outcome of the project will be a standardized process for the production of highly pure

sericin powder from the HTHP degumming liquor at a pilot plant scale. The highly pure

recovered sericin powder would be investigated for use in applications such as food,

pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and biomedical products. A special emphasis would be given

to develop sericin based biomedical products such as wound dressing and drug delivery

system in various forms such as films, gels and nanofibrous webs. The recovered sericin

powder would be tested for use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry jointly with M/s

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Sericare, Bangalore, which is a unique association engaged in silk based products and

technologies and has a direct link with silk production units in Bangalore and surrounding

areas.

12. Project Summary

Sericin is a hot water-soluble macromolecular globular protein. It represents a family of

proteins having molecular mass of 10 to 310 kDa. Sericin envelops the fibroin fibre with

successive sticky layers that help in the formation of cocoon. Sericin contributes about 20-

30% of the total cocoon weight. During last decade, sericin has emerged as a biomaterial

of commercial value having diverse physiological properties such as antioxidant, UV

protection, moisture adsorption, antibacterial activity etc.

In the silk processing industry, sericin is removed through a process known as degumming

prior to dyeing and discarded into the waste water. This is a fundamental step in the silk

processing cycle, which allows silk to gain the characteristic shiny aspect and soft handle

that are highly appreciated by consumer. The processing of raw silk produces about 50,000

tons of sericin worlds wide each year which is discarded in the degumming waste liquor.

The recovery of the sericin from industrial degumming liquor has been standardized at

laboratory scale in the first phase of a DBT funded project. Sericin powder has been

recovered from industrial degumming liquor by using centrifugation, micro filtration,

ultrafiltration and spray drying technique. The concentrated recovered solution of sericin

was spray dried to produce the fine sericin powder. The recovered sericin powders has

been characterized in terms of molecular weight distribution, amino acid composition, total

nitrogen content, protein content and ash content. We could produce 56% pure sericin from

industrial soap-alkali degumming liquor, in the second phase of the project. The maximum

yield from industrial degumming liquor was obtained by using a sequence of membrane

filtration i.e. micro filtration, ultrafiltration and spray drying techniques and a pilot plant was

set up at M/s Nath Brothers Noida. The impurities present in the sericin recovered from

industrial degumming liquor are residual soap and salts and also the sericin has low

molecular weight in the range of 15-35Da. This type of sericin can be useful in areas such

as textile finishing but not suitable for use in applications such as pharmaceuticals,

cosmetics, and bio medical applications, where sericin quality is a crucial requirement.

Therefore in the present project the aim is to develop a technology package for extraction

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of pure sericin from silk flats, Jute and waste cocoons, the sericin would be extracted from

these raw materials, using high temperature high pressure (HTHP) degumming processes.

Occasionally silk processing industry also uses HTHP process for degumming of silk.

Therefore, the sericin extracted from industrial HTHP degumming liquor and would be

centrifuged and purified by using a combination of membrane filtration and other

chromatographic protein purification processes and converted to powder from using spray

drying. The various parameters for membrane filtration will be standardized for maximum

yield of sericin in a shorter time. The sericin thus produced will be characterized for its

molecular weight distribution, secondary structure, nitrogen content, ash content etc. The

recovered pure sericin would be investigated for use in pharmaceutical, and cosmetics in

collaboration with M/S Sericare, Bangalore, an industry partner. Sericin application in

wound dressing tropical drug delivery system in various forms such as films, gels and

nanofibrous would also be explored.

PART II: PARTICULARS OF INVESTIGATORS Principal Investigator 14. Name: .Dr. Mangala Joshi

Date of Birth : 9-5-1961 Sex (M/F) :Female Designation : Professor Department : Textile Technology Institute/University: Indian institute of Technology, Delhi Address : Hauz Khas, New Delhi PIN : 110016 Telephone :26596623 Fax:.26581103 E-mail : mangala@textile.iitd.ac.in mangalajoshi9@gmail.com Number of Research projects being handled at present: 3

Co-Investigator 1 15. Name: Prof. M L Gulrajani

Date of Birth: 29-8-1944 Sex (M/F): Male Designation: Professor Department: Textile Technology Institute/University: Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Address:.Hauz Khas, New Delhi.PIN: 110016 Telephone: 26514033, 26591404 Fax: 26581103 E-mail:mlg54@hotmail.com Number of research projects being handled at present: 1

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Co-Investigator 2 15. Name: Prof. Prashant Mishra

Date of Birth: 30-11-1961 Sex (M/F): Male Designation: Professor Department: Biochemical Engg. and Biotechnology Institute/University: Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Address:.Hauz Khas, New Delhi.PIN: 110016 Telephone: 26591015, 26517336 Fax: 226582282 E-mail: pmishra@dbeb.iitd.ac.in Number of research projects being handled at present: 2

PART III: TECHNICAL DETAILS OF PROJECT

16.1 Origin of the proposal

The process for sericin recovery from the soap alkali as well as HTHP degumming liquor

has been standardized at pilot level and the properties of the sericin powder thus produced

have been evaluated in phase I & II of a DBT funded project at IIT Delhi. The highlights of

the outcome in the two phases are given below:

Phase I (October 2006 to Jan 2009)

Title: Standardization of Process for the production and Application of Sericin to Textile Fabrics

In the first phase of the DBT funded project a study was undertaken to extract sericin from HTHP as well as soap alkali degumming liquor using a combination of centrifugation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration process at laboratory scale.

1. Sericin with 98% purity could be recovered from HTHP degumming liquor using a tangential flow ultrafiltration system, which is a lab module from Millipore for ultrafiltartion. The process parameters such as transmembrane pressure, flow rates and molecular weight cut off were optimized. The recovery of sericin using this process reduced the COD and BOD levels in the permeate waste liquor by about 78%.

2. Sericin with 80% purity could be recovered from soap alkali based lab as well as industrial degumming liquor. The process parameters at each step of centrifugation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration were optimized. The recovery of sericin reduced the COD and BOD load of the permeate waste stream by 85%.

3. The concentrated sericin retentate was converted to sericin powder using a lab scale spray dryer. The temperature used and the atomization pressure were optimized to get fine sericin powder with particle size of 2-5 microns.

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4. The sericin powder recovered from three different liquors were evaluated for physical and morphological studies and summerised in the table below

.

Type of liquor colour Protein content%

Ash content%

Molecular weight kDa

HTHP lab Pale yellow 98 0.8 20-205

Soap alkali lab Brown colour 92 5 20-97

Soap alkali industry

Cream colour 67 22 20-43

The secondary structure of sericin recovered from HTHP degumming liquor has random coil conformation with Beta sheet structure .The sericin recovered from alkaline and SPA degumming liquors has denatured secondary structure with some random coil,,beta sheet and alpha helix conformation.The addition of alkali and soap during degumming hydrolyses the sericin to low molecular weight fraction and also disturb its secondary structure.

5. The sericin was applied to polyester fabric using glutraldehyde as cross linking agent in pad dry cure process.The sericin finished fabric has improved comfort properties ie moisture content increases to 2.09% from 0.25% for Neat polyester.The antistatic propery and UV protection also improves because of sericin.

Phase II (May 2009-Aug 2011)

Title: Standardization of Process for the production and Application of Sericin to Textile Fabrics

In the second phase as part of the technology up gradation a pilot plant for the

recovery of sericin from waste degumming liquor of silk was setup at M/s NATH

BROTHERS, Noida.

The process of the recovery and production of sericin powder from high temperature

high pressure (HTHP) and alkaline industrial degumming liquor has been developed

at pilot level. Study of different chemical engineering parameters and

characterization of degumming liquor, purified solution, and sericin powder produced

by spray drying has been carried out. The picture of the pilot plant setup is given

below:

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Picture of pilot plant

The results obtained in the technology upgradation are summarized as follows.

The process for the recovery and production of sericin from HTHP industrial degumming

liquor has been standardized at lab & pilot level. The degumming liquor is filtered,

concentrated on ultrafiltration membrane unit. Sericin of about ~95% purity could be

recovered from the HTHP degumming liquor. The recovery of sericin reduced the COD

and BOD levels in the permeate waste liquor by about 76% and 51% respectively.

Sericin powder has been recovered from alkaline industrial degumming liquor also by

modifying the pilot plan by installing an additional storage tank and booster pump with

hydro- pneumatic system to achieve the required initial pressure. 50% and 49%

sericin(protein content) was recovered from microfiltered and ultrafiltered soap alkali

degumming liquor. The recovery of sericin reduced the COD and BOD levels in the

permeate waste liquor by about 87 % and 85%.

To eliminate soap from alkaline degumming liquor, several techniques such as HCl

addition, alum addition, KCl addition and Low Temperature Crystallization (LTC) and

CaCl2 addtion have been examined. Of all these methods, addition of 0.5gpl of CaCl2 to

the degumming liquor prior to filtration removed almost 95% of soap and hence was

found to be most effective.

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The concentrated recovered solution of sericin was spray dried at 180°C with

atomization pressure of 3 Kg/cm2 to produce fine sericin powder. SEM micrographs

showed that the sericin powder prepared from HTHP degumming liquor through spray

drying technique had collapsed sphere shape with dents of various depth and sizes,

whereas the powder prepared through soap alkali liquor didn’t have any distinct shape.

This may be due to the presence of soap.

The sericin powders have been characterized in term of color, nitrogen content, protein

content, ash content, thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis and molecular weight

distribution. The functional properties of the sericin powder samples in terms of moisture

content and ultra protection factor (UPF) have also been evaluated. The powder

recovered from HTHP degumming liquor has a pale yellow color, 95 % protein content,

0.098% ash content and 180 – 300 kDa molecular weight range.

The sericin powder recovered from industrial soap alkali degumming liquor has cream

color, low protein content (56 % for microfiltered and 49% for ultrafilterd), high ash

content (12%) and molecular weight in the range of 10 - 72 kDa. The addition of alkali

and soap during degumming hydrolyzes the sericin to low molecular weight fraction.

Technology Gap & Need for Phase III

1. The collaborating industry in the joint DBT sponsored Phase II of the project is M/s

Nath Brothers,Noida where the pilot plant was setup. The Industry uses mostly soap

alkali process for degumming of the silk yarns and rarely uses HTHP process. The

reason is incomplete removal of sericin by HTHP which leads to poor luster of the

silk fibre and also the process is more expensive on the industrial scale.

2. The sericin recovered from the soap alkali degumming liquor from the industry was

found to have a very low purity of 50%.The residual soap and inorganic salts are the

major contaminants and the molecular weight also is low in the range of 10-40 kDa.

3. This sericin quality can only be used for applications such as textiles. In the phase I

and phase II of the DBT project it has been clearly demonstrated that sericin finish

on polyester and cotton textiles imparts properties such as improved moisture

regain,antistatic behavior ,antibacterial and UV protection.

4. This impure sericin is not suitable for application in cosmetics, pharmaceutical and

biomedical devices. Hence there is a need to develop a standalone technology to

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extract high purity sericin. There is a vast resource of waste silk cocoons and silk

flats and jute, which can be a raw material for extracting sericin by high temperature

and high pressure degumming process.

5. The further purification of sericin using chromatographic techniques to get high purity

is critical for sericin application in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals etc.

6. The obtained product the macromolecular sericin protein has important biophysical

and biochemical properties such as moisture absorbing and releasing, anti- oxidant,

antibacterial, anticancer and anti- coagulant properties. Therefore there is a lot of

potential for research and development in sericin based materials for pharmaceutical

and biomedical applications such as wound healing, drug delivery and tissue

engineering.

7. M/s SERICARE Divn. Healthline (P) Ltd Bangalore has agreed to be the Industrial

partner and provide all the raw materials and carry out evaluation and for

pharmaceutical trials as a part of this project. This will be treated as the contribution

of M/s SERICARE Divn. Healthline (P) Ltd apart from supply of silk waste cocoons,

jute and flats.

16.2 (a) Rationale of the study supported by cited literature (b) Hypothesis (c) Key questions India is the world’s second largest producer of silk. In general, in India, approximately

every year 3,000 tons of sericin is removed through degumming and discharged in the silk

processing waste water. The recovery of the sericin from the degumming waste liquor can

give two fold economical benefits to the Indian silk processing industry. At one end it will

generate revenue by selling the sericin powder as moistening /antioxidant/ finishing agent

to food/cosmetic/textile industry. On the other hand it will reduce the processing cost of

effluent treatment. The technology of producing of sericin powder was developed at

laboratory scale in the first phase of this project. In the second phase, the technology was

tested from the laboratory scale to pilot scale.

Sericin research carried out in last few years [1-3] has demonstrated a great potential for

use of sericin, in the biomedical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. It would be

pertinent therefore to take up a research and development activity further in this area. It is

in this context that this project has great significance as it targets in two fold objectives:

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standardising the process for extraction of pure sericin from silk flats, jutes and waste silk

cocoons and industrial HTHP degumming liquor . The recovered sericin would be further

purified, characterized and evaluated for its purity. The second objective would be to

research and develop the biomedical application of sericin in the form of film, gel and nano

fibrous membrane for application in wound dressing and topical drug delivery system. The

sericin powder would be tested for use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry in

collaboration with M/s Sericare Healthline, Bangalore.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

In the third phase of the project, we will prepare the High purity sericin powder by HTHP

process from silk waste and flats which will be supplied by SERICARE (P) Ltd and explore

its application in biomedical and pharmaceutical application.

The project will have two broad objectives –

a) Creation of technology package for the production of high purity sericin from HTHP

degumming liquor of silk waste yarn, flats and transfer it to industrial partner M/s

Sericare Healthline , Bangalore.

b) Exploring the use of pure sericin for various biomedical, cosmetic and

pharmaceutical applications in form of powder, film, gel, nanoparticles and

nanofibrous membrane.

The specific objectives of the project would be-

1. Setting up a 5 kg High Temperature High Pressure (HTHP) degumming system for

waste silk that is cut cocoons, silk jute, flats etc and setting up a centrifuge and

membrane filtration unit to process up to 100 lit of HTHP liquor from industry.

2. Production of high purity sericin from HTHP degumming liquor, its characterization

and its evaluation. The sericin purification for niche biomedical applications would be

done using a combination of techniques such as gel filtration chromatography and

dialysis to ensure complete removal of contaminants.

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3. Creation of technology package for the production of high purity sericin from HTHP

degumming liquor and transfer it to industrial partner. M/s Sericare, Bangalore.

4. Characterization and evaluation of high purity sericin for pharmaceutical and

cosmetic applications, jointly with M/s Sericare , Bangalore.

5. Preparation of the sericin and sericin nanocomposite based films, gels,

nanoparticles and nanofibrous membrane and investigate their biomedical

applications such as wound dressing and topical drug delivery patches.

16.5 Current status of research and development in the subject (both international and national status)

International Status Sericin Isolation from Silk Degumming Liquor

In many developed countries mostly Japan and China , the separation of sericin from the

degumming liquor is being carried out at commercial scale and most of the technologies

have been patented. Sericin can be coagulated from the waste water of degummed liquor

by treating it with 0.13-0.40 kg/m3 coagulant such as Fe salts, Al2(SO4)3, CaCl2 [16]. It is

claimed that the degree of the removal of sericin increases by treating wastewaters with

Fe3+, salts at pH 2.0-4.5 [1].

It has been reported that only rubbing on the fibre surface is sufficient to extract sericin

from the surface of the fibre. In one patent sericin was rubbed-off from the silk fibres by

applying mechanical action on the silk fibres to get a liquid comprising the sericin of

molecular weight greater than 100 kD [2]. In one method silk was irradiated with UV rays in

a humidifying atmosphere and grinding the silk in a mill and then sieving the powder with a

meshed screen or vibration screen to separate sericin and the fibroin [3]. A procedure to

obtain sericin has been elucidated with slight molecular weight drop and low impurity

content without the need of any large-scale apparatus is reported [4]. This method

describes the extraction of sericin in a number of steps. At first silk fibre assembly have to

be swelled by wetting. The temperature of wetting would be between 40-100oC. Then the

assembly has to be rubbed, compressed or frozen for separation of sericin. Then thawing

has to be done on the thus separated sericin and water. After that hydrous aggregates of

the sericin formed has to be filtered and then drying the sericin aggregates to get powdery

sericin.

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An autoclaving process has been described. Here raw silk is treated with water in an

autoclave at 100-140oC to separate sericin from fibroin, and the sericin solution is frozen

and recovered. For, example 20 kg domestic raw silk was treated with circulating water at

130oC in an autoclave for 20 min, and the fibroin fibres were rinsed 15 min with water at

97oC to give 14.9 kg purified silk. The rinse water was used in the next batch, and 100

liters of the sericin solution was cooled to -17oC and thawed in a stainless steel wire mesh.

On the mesh 3.8 kg sericin was recovered, and from the solution additional 0.9 kg sericin

was recovered by evaporation [5].

A method of separation by electrophoresis has also been patented [6]. The silk moistened

with Na2CO3 solution is placed between an anode and a brass cathode in a neutral soap

solution. The solution is heated to 100oC and direct current is passed through

discontinuously to separate sericin by electrophoresis.

In a Canadian patent [7} a high-temperature and high-pressure treatment for the isolation of

sericin from the cocoon silk has been described. The extracted liquid has to be collected,

concentrated, dried and ground to get sericin. By this process high-quality high-molecular

weight sericin powder can be obtained. Another novel process describes the removal of

sericin from cocoons. This process includes addition of silk cocoons into a rotary container

then sealing the container for high-temperature and high-pressure treatment. It will be kept

for certain time to strip the sericin from silk. A sudden release of pressure would make the

cocoon become puffed. As a result silk floss will be separated from silk and sericin. After

separation of sericin from silk, dewatering will be done for each of them [8].

A method of recovery of sericin by coagulation has been disclosed in a recent Korean

patent [9]. The method for recovering sericin comprises the steps of: adjusting pH of the

silk refined waste water to 5 to 7; regulating the temperature of the silk refined waste water

to less than 400C; adding 0.5 to 5 ml/L of the high polymer coagulant into the silk refined

waste water to coagulate and precipitate sericin; separating the precipitated sericin from

the silk refined waste water; and optionally centrifuging the silk refined waste water at 3000

to 5000 rpm for 10 min or filtering the silk refined waste water with sieves after adding the

high polymer coagulant, in which the high polymer coagulant is selected from the group

consisting of poly aluminum chloride, aluminum sulphate, ammonium aluminum sulphate

and potassium aluminum sulphate.

To isolate all the smallest components from silk, the silk protein has to be solubilized from

cocoons by treating with ethylenediamine / cupric hydroxide solution. A series of polymers

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of the smallest component, detected by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, could be

converted into the smallest component by reduction and aminoethylation. Fibroin and

sericin fractions were separated by precipitation of sericin at pH 5.5. On gel

electrophoresis, sericin showed distinct bands but fibroin did not. The components of fibroin

and sericin were fractionated by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B. The smallest component in

the sericin fraction showed a single band on gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight 24

kDa.

Studies on the common and coarse-fibre silk degumming in water at high temperature

showed that the silk was effectively degummed in water for 1 h at 120oC. This method was

an ideal means for obtaining sericin whose average molecular weight decreased gradually

along with the increase of temperature. The average molecular weight of obtained sericin

was 65-200 kD at 100oC and 43-130 kD at 130oC. Recovering the sericin by freezing and

unfreezing method, the results showed that the recovery rate of sericin was above 80% at

110oC. The increase of temperature lead to the decrease in recovery rate and the increase

in freezing times lead to the increase of recovery rate [10]

As per a Japanese patent [11] spherical sericin powder of average diameter of ≤5 μm and

a narrow size distribution can be obtained by spray-drying sericin solution (viscosity ≤100

cP) obtained from ultrafiltration of wastewater from the chemical degumming of silk (sericin

mol. wt. 5000-50,000) or reverse osmosis of wastewater from the enzyme degumming of

silk (sericin mol. wt. 300-10,000). Laboratory and field experiments have indicated that

ultrafiltration of the degumming waste solution with different membranes (mol. wt. cut-off

20-30000 Daltons) allows recovery of >97% of the sericin but the permeate COD is >800

mg/L which is too high for water reuse. A final reverse osmosis treatment on the

ultrafiltration permeate allows reaching a low COD level (50 mg/L) and recovery of >70% of

the wastewater for process reuse [12]

In addition, researchers are still trying the different methods of isolating the sericin. Jin-

Hong extracted sericin with 75% (v/v) ethanol to obtain crude powder. He used HTHP

technique for degumming and the degummed solution were concentrated by vaporizing

water under steam heating, which were converted into flours using spray dryer. The flours

were then dissolved in water and chilled ethanol to obtain final ethanol concentration of

75% (v/v) and the sericin powder were obtained by centrifuging the sericin solution at 3500

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rpm followed by alcohol evaporation under reduced pressure [13].

National Status In India, sericin is not being recovered commercially. In general, in India, approximately

every year 3,000 tons of sericin is removed through soap and alkaline degumming and

discharged in the silk processing waste water. If this sericin protein is recovered and

recycled, it will give significant social and economical benefit. Indian Institute of

Technology, Delhi has developed a technology to recover the sericin from industrial

degumming liquor at laboratory scale and pilot scale in first and second phase of DBT

sponsored project [14-17]. However, the sericin quality requirements for applications such

as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and biomedical are quite stringent and therefore there is a

need to develop a technology for producing pure sericin from available resources in India

so that availability of pure quality sericin is ensured for the users of the technology at lab,

pilot and commercial scale.

In the Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Das,

Mukherjee and Kundu [18-19] have isolated sericin from cocoons of tasar silk worm,

Antheraea mylitta by two processes. In first process sericin was isolated by 8M urea

containing 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate and 2% β-mercaptoethenol and in another method

by 1% sodium chloride. The isolated sericin was purified by gel filtration

chromatography.Their group has also undertaken intensive studies on investigating the

various biophysical properties of sericin [18,22,30].

Sericin Properties and Applications International Status

Sericin, a bio-macromolecular protein extracted from silk fibre has been studied worldwide

for various potential applications because of its unique bio-chemical and bio-physical

properties such as moisture absorbing and releasing properties, anti oxidant action, UV

resistance, antibacterial, anticancer, and anticoagulant properties [ 20-22 ]. Because of

these unique set of properties, it has the potential to find the application in skin-care and

cosmetic industry, food industry, and pharmaceutical as well as various bio-medical

products.

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Cosmetics

Low molecular weight sericin has been used in cosmetics, for skin, hair, and nail care. Use

of sericin in lotions, creams and ointment gives enhanced elasticity of skin and therefore

has anti-wrinkle and anti-ageing effects [23]. Sericin hydrolysates with low molecular weight

are added in shampoos to give conditioning effect on hair [24].

Food Supplement

The anti-oxidant property of sericin generates interest in food and pharmaceutical industry.

Sericin finds application as dietary fibre with anti-oxidant property. A sericin diet is reported

to suppress the incidence and number of colon tumors induced by 1,2 di-methyl hydrazine

by reducing oxidative stress and cell proliferation. Consumption of a 4% sericin

supplemented diet suppresses atropine induced constipation in rats [25]. This suggests that

sericin could be useful agent for treatment of constipation due its digestibility and moisture

holding capacity. Also consumption of sericin in rats is reported to elevate intestinal

absorption of zinc, iron and magnesium and calcium without affecting serum concentration

and urinary excretion of these elements and their bioavailability [26]

Sericin bio-conjugates in drug delivery

The sericin and sericin bio conjugates has wide potential for application in biomedical field

such as wound dressing, drug delivery and tissue engineering because of its remarkable

properties as a natural bio-degradable protein polymer extracted from silk cocoons and

fibres. The anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-coagulant properties of sericin generate a lot

of interest for their use in medical field. Bio-conjugates of sericin with natural or synthetic

polymer has been researched in drug delivery of peptides enzymes and oligonucleotides.

The sericin polymer bio-conjugation promotes tumor targeting because of enhanced

permeability and retention [27]. Polymers like poly ethylene glycol (PEG) , poly ethylene

oxide (PEO) , hydroxy methyl propyl cellulose (HMPC) can be conjugated with sericin due

to presence of surface active groups such as (-OH, -COOH, -NH2) through formation of

covalent bonds and due to it’s hydrophilic nature, lower antigenicity and immunological

properties. Due to its higher half-life in vivo, sericin is a preferred protein for such

applications.

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Enzymes such as L-Asparaginase, an effective with chemotherapeutic agent against

lymphoblastic leukemia [28]. Insulin, a therapeutic protein used to lower glucose level in

diabetic patients has been mobilized on sericin via bio-conjugation. The immobilization of

these therapeutic agents leads to higher thermal stability, lower immunological response,

prolonged half life and grater stability in sericin.

Sericin materials

Various sericin hydrogels have been prepared by cross-linking. These have excellent moisture

absorbing, desorbing and elastic properties and have potential for applications as soil

conditioners to medical use such as wound dressings. The gelling is due to formation of β-

sheet rich structure with strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding from random coiled structure

in solid form. These sericin hydrogels can find applications in wound dressings and tissue

engineering [29]. The cell attachment and proliferation, the key requirements for tissue

engineering are almost comparable to collagen and therefore sericin in various forms such as

gel, films and nana fibrous membranes is being researched for application in wound dressing

and tissue engineering scaffolds.

Indian Status Dr. S.C. Kundu and his research group is actively pursuing research in the area of breeding and

genetic mapping of silk worm and extraction and purification of silk protein from different types

of silk worms , at Department of Biotechnology, IIT, Kharagpur. They have been proactively

studying the various biological and bio physical properties of sericin and fibroin, such as

antioxidant, UV- protective etc [18,22,30].

But a quick glance shows that there is no intensive activity in the area of investigating the

applications of sericin in various forms such as gel, films, nanoparticles and nanofibres,

currently in India. Moreover, the technology for standardized process for recovery of pure sericin

and its conversion to powder form has not been developed at the pilot scale. This step is the

most essential for developing any kind of sericin based products both at laboratory, pilot plant

and commercial stages.

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References

1. Korneeva, E. A.; Markman, T. V.; Dzhuruntseva, T. A.; Burdina, T. A.; Uzbeks Khimicheskii Zhurnal; 6 57 1982.

2. Removal of sericin from wastewaters; Russian Patent, SU 783242 dated 30-11-1980.

3. Japanese patent No.: 2004250821

4. Japanese patent No.: 2003311213

5. Japanese patent No.: 2002265499

6. Japanese patent No.: 49117712

7. Japanese patent No.: 27003310

8. Canadian patent No.:1342790

9. Method for recovering sericin from silk refined waste water; KR 2001038120 dated 15-05-2001.

10. Japanese patent No.: 2001302693 11. Ahmad, R.; Kamra, A.; Hasnain, S. E., DNA and Cell Biology 23, 149 2004.

12. Sericin fine powders and manufacture thereof; JP 04202435 dated 23-07-1992. 13. Cho, K. Y.; Moon, J. Y.; Lee, Y. W.; Lee, K. G.; Yeo, J. H.; Kweon, H. Y.; Kim, K. H.;

Cho, C. S., International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 32, 36 2003.

14. Kibeb, S.; ‘Recovery of silk Sericin from Degumming Liquor using Ultrafiltration Membrane Separation’; M.Tech Project, IIT Delhi 2007.

15. Prasad, R, “ Recovery of Silk sericin from Industrial degumming Liquor, M.tech project, IIT Delhi 2008.

16. Senthil, P. K.; ‘Silk Sericin: Isolation, Characterisation and Application to cotton Fabrics’; M.Tech Project, IIT Delhi 2005.

17. Kanti Prakash Brahma; ‘Finishing of Polyester with Silk Sericin’; M.Tech Project, IIT Delhi 2005

18. Dash, R.; Ghosh, S. K.; Kaplan, D. L.; Kundu, S. C., Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 147, 129 2007.

19. Dash, R.; Mukherjee, S.; Kundu, S. C., International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 38, 255 2006.

20. Padamwar M N and Pawar A P., ‘Silk Sericin and its application: A Review’,J of Scientific and Industrial Research,63,323,2004

21. Zhang Y Q, ‘Applications of natural silk protein sericin in biomaterials’,Biotechnology Advances,20,91,2002.

22. Kundu S C, Dash BC, Dash R and Kaplan D L, ‘Natural Protective glue sericin bioengineered by silkworms: Potential for biomedical and biotechnological applications’,Progress in Polymer Science,33,998,2008.

23. Voigeli R; Meier J,and Blust R, Sericin silk protein: unique structure and properties, Cosmet Toilet 108,101,1993.

16

24. Hato O, Cosmetics containing silk hydrlysates, Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jpn62036308;1987,pg7

25. Zhaorigetu S, Masahiro S,Watanbe H and Kato N, Supplemental silk protein, sericin suppresses colon tumorigenesis by reducing oxidative stress and cell proliferation, Biosc Biotechnol Biochem 65,2181,2001.

26. Sasaki M, Yamada H, Kato N, Consumption of silk protein, sericin elevates intestinal absorption of zinc, iron, magnesium, and calcium in rats, Nutr Res 20,1505,2000.

27. Vincent M J, Duncan R, Polymer Conjugates: nanosized medicines for treating cancer, Trends Biotechnol,24,39, 2006.

28. Zhang YQ,Tao M L,Shen WD,Zhou Y Z, Ding Y,Ma Y, et al.Immobilization of L-asparaginase on the microparticles of the natural silk sericin protein and its characteristics, Biomaterials,25,3751,2004.

29. Nagura M, Ohnishi R, Gitoh Y, Ohkoshi Y, Structure and physical properties of cross-linked sericin membranes, J Seric Sci,Jpn,70, 149,2001.

30. Dash R, Mandal M, Ghosh S K, Kundu SC, Antioxidant potential of silk sericin protein against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in skin fibroblasts, Biochem Mol Biol Rep 41,236, 2008.

16.6 The relevance and expected outcome of the proposed study A country like India having its own silk/sericulture as raw material and burgeoning

pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry stands to benefit greatly from research and

technological inputs in this area of completely natural bio-protein with great value. Further,

this will also give opportunity to develop nice biomedical products such as wound dressing,

drug delivery system based on sericin films gels and nanofibrous membranes.

However, for research and development activity as well as trials at bulk scale, it is of utmost

importance to have a technology in place to recover pure sericin from silk waste cocoons,

silk flats etc. ,so that sericin in powder as well as solution form is readily available. The

opportunity of the recovery of the sericin from the degumming waste liquor from silk

processing industry is also very important and has been taken up at lab as well as pilot

scale in earlier two DBT funded projects at IIT Delhi. However, Indian silk industry mostly

processes silk using soap alkali method and HTHP degumming is not very popular for

various reasons such as inefficient removal of sericin gum from silk fiber which results in

poor luster in fibers. Therefore a standalone technology to extract and produce purified

sericin has to be developed, if we wish to explore the various cosmetic, pharmaceutical and

biomedical applications of an invaluable resource sericin protein which can generate

revenue by selling the sericin powder as pharmaceuticals/moistening /antioxidant/ finishing

17

agent to food/cosmetic/textile industry. The sericin produced will be thus a valuable

resource. The recovery of sericin from industrial degumming liquor (both soap-alkali and

HTHP) on other hand can give two fold economical benefits to the Indian silk processing

industry- revenue generation as well as reduce the processing cost of effluent treatment.

16.7 Preliminary work done so far In the phase II of the project, a pilot plant for the recovery of sericin from the waste

degumming liquor of silk has been set up at Nath Brothers, Noida as a part of the DBT, IIT

Delhi (Institute) and Nath Brothers (Industry) joint project. The technology of application of

sericin on cotton knits (fabric and garments) has been standardized.

The application of sericin on cotton knits has been standardized at pilot level. The aqueous

sericin solution of 10 gpl has been applied on to the cotton knits by exhaust method. Upto

40% of sericin remained attached to the fabric for at least up to five washes. Durability of

the sericin finished was improved by almost 300% by various types of the post treatment

such as curing and by complexing with alum (6% owf). The finished fabric showed a

noticeable improvement in the moisture content, antistatic, UV absorption and water vapour

permeability.

A study on sericin films is in progress through at a level of master’s project at IIT Delhi. The

sericin film properties are being improved through cross-linking by use of aluminium salts

and the process optimization is being done to get improved properties such as mechanical,

water and oil barrier etc.

Publications in Journals and Conferences:

1. Application of silk sericin on polyester fabric

M L Gulrajani, P..Senthil Kumar,Kanti Bramha,Roli Purwar, Journal of Applied

Polymer Science ,July2008,314

2. Studies on structural and functional properties of sericin recovered from silk degumming liquor by membrane technology M Joshi, R Purwar and M L Gulrajani, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 113(5)

(2009) 2796-2804

3. A value added finish from silk degumming waste liquor

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M L Gulrajani, Roli Purwar ,M Joshi, Asian Dyer, September 2008.

4. Recovery of silk sericin from degumming liquor and its application Roli Purwar and Raj Kamal Prasad,9th International and 63rd All India Textile

Conference,5-6 January 2008,Ahemdabad,India.

5. Sericin: A valuable by product recovered from the degumming liquor Roli Purwar and Raj Kamal Prasad, Young Talent Search, First National Students

Competition ,Colour and Textiles 2007,27th October 2007 at Textiles Committee

Auditorium, Mumbai organized by Society of Dyers and Colourists

6. Moisturizing finish from silk effluent M L Gulrajani, Roli Purwar ,M Joshi and Raj Kamal Prasad poster presented,12tech

2008,organized by IIT Delhi. Best Industrial Project Award. 7. Sericin Recovery through Pilot Plant and its Applications

Subhadip Haldar, Prof. M.L. Gulrajani, Dr. M. Joshi, International Conference on

Technical Textiles, IIT Delhi, India, 11-12th November 2010.

8. Sericin Recovery from Industrial Degumming Liquor: Study at Pilot Level Subhadip Haldar, Prof. M.L. Gulrajani, Dr. M. Joshi, 39th Textile Research

Symposium, IIT Delhi, India, 16-18th December 2010.

9. Pilot Plant for Recovery of Sericin from Industrial Waste Liquor Subhadip Haldar, Prof. M.L. Gulrajani, Dr. M. Joshi, I2tech 2011, 23rd April 2011,

organized by IIT Delhi.

(v) Manpower Trained

Name of the student Name of the project P. Senthil Kumar Silk sericin, Isolation, Characterization & Application

to Cotton Fabrics. Sumanta Khan Recovery of sericin by Ion Exchange

Chromatography & its Application on Polyester. Kibeb Sahile Recovery of silk sericin from degumming liquor by

ultrafiltration membrane separation. Raj kamal Prasad Recovery of silk sericin from Industrial Degumming

Liquor. Arpita Bansal & Soumik Paul A study on the Extraction of Sericin Powder & its

Application in Textiles. Subhadip Halder Pilot scale study of sericin recovery from Industrial

Degumming Liquor Ashish Nath Thakur Pilot scale study on the application of biopolymer on

cotton garments Mahadev Bar Studies on recovery of sericin and Its application in

film form

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Post doc.: Dr. Roli Purwar

Senior Research Fellow: Anjali Arora

Project Assistant: Rosina Begam

17. Specific objectives (should be written in bulleted form, a short paragraph indicating

the methods to be followed for achieving the objective and verifiable indicators of progress

should follow each specific objective)

Development of technology for producing purified sericin from silk waste, cocoons and flats as well as HTHP silk degumming liquor.

A pilot scale batch as well as continuous system would be designed and installed in IIT

Delhi which will be a combination of centrifugation unit, microfiltration and HTHP

degumming Autoclave Machine.

Procurement of equipments: Quotations of the equipment will be invited and finalized

and Order will be placed and provision for installment of the equipment will be made IIT

Delhi(PI &Co PI).Procurement of raw material: Raw material like silk waste and flats will

be provided by M/s Sericare Bangalore and HTHP Degumming liquor will provided by

the local industry like Nath Brothers Exim Ltd.Purification and recovery of sericin

solution: Sericin will be recovered purified and by using a combination of chemical

treatment ,centrifugation and membrane filtration and chromatographic gel filtration and

dialysis systems. Preparation of sericin powder: Sericin powder will be prepared on

spray drying unit at I I T Delhi; Recruitment of Staff: The staff to work on the project will

be recruited through selection/appointment procedure of IIT Delhi

Characterization of sericin powder

The extracted and purified sericin would be characterized in terms of its various physical

and chemical properties such as protein content, molecular weight, colour, ash content,

metal content, and morphological and structural features etc.The sericin extracted from

different raw materials such as silk waste, cocoons,Jute and flats as well as HTHP

degumming liquor would be compared for its properties.

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Industrial trials for sericin application in cosmetic, food and pharmaceuticals

The sericin powder produced would be tested for its quality and suitability for application

in cosmetic, food and pharmaceuticals in collaboration with M/s SERICARE (P) Ltd.

M/s Sericare have the required resources and network with industry for carrying out

these trials.

Study on application of sericin in film, gel and nanofiberous forms for biomedical applications

Sericin would be converted to film, gel and nanofbers and these would be explored for

biomedical applications such as wound dressings, drug delivery etc.

Sericin and sericin blends with other polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan

will be converted into films and gels. The produced films and gels would be

characterized for its mechanical property such as strength and modulus, elongation,

moisture content etc. The sericin films are generally fragile in dry state because of its

poor mechanical strength. Attempt would be made to improve the property of sericin

films by cross-linking and addition of nanoadditives such as nanoclays. Sericin and its

blends would be converted to nanofibrous membrane form by electrospinning and

studied for its properties such as porosity, strength and explored for use in wound

dressings and drug delivery patches.

Analysis and report writing

Finally, all the results would be analyzed and compiled in form of a report. The student

training in form of M Tech and PhD thesis would be the main focus during the course of

the project. The important outcome of the project would be published in form of papers in

reputed journals and patented, if there is significant outcome in term of product

development.

18.1 Work plan (methodology/experimental design to accomplish the stated aim)

The pilot scale HTHP unit for extraction of sericin from silk waste cocoons, flat and jute

would be designed and installed in IIT Delhi. The centrifugation and membrane filtration

unit for the purification of sericin from HTHP degumming liquor as well as silk waste,

21

jute and flats will also be installed at the premises of IIT Delhi. The process would be

standardized for its yield and product quality.

The sericin would be characterized for its physical and chemical property using

techniques such as SDS page electrophoresis for molecular weight, and morphological

features using SEM, CD etc ; purity by protein analysis , metal content by Atomic

Absorption Spectroscopy etc.

The sericin powder would be investigated for use in cosmetic industry, food and

pharmaceuticals industry jointly with M/ s Sericare , Bangalore. The sericin films, gels

and nanofibers would be prepared and explored for application in wound dressing and

drug delivery. The process for film, gel and nanofber preparation would be optimized

to get desired properties in terms of mechanical strength, water absorption, swelling

water vapour permeability etc.

19. Timelines: (Please provide quantifiable outputs)

Period of study

Achievable targets

1-3 Months Recruitment of staff 3-12 Months Design and procurement of HTHP machine, centrifugation

and micro filtration pilot plant 10-15 Months Optimization of process parameters for recovery of sericin

solution on pilot plant 3-15 months Preparation of sericin and sericin blended films and its

study 12-24 Months Sericin powder preparation and characterization

Trials for sericin in cosmetic, food and pharmaceuticals 12-27 months Preparation of Sericin films & gels and its study in

biomedical application 12-33 months Preparartion of sericin nanofibers and its study 34-36 Months Analysis and report writing

20. Name and address of 5 experts in the field

Sr.No. Name Designation Address 1.

Dr. JV Rao Director NITRA, Ghaziabad

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2

Prof. M D Teli Professor UICT, Matunga, Mumbai

3. Prof. B Gupta Professor Deptt. Of Textile Technology, IIT Delhi

4. Prof. Saroj Mishra Professor Deptt. Of Biochemical Engg. and Biotechnology(DBEB), IIT Delhi

5. Prof. S C Kundu Professor Deptt. Of Biotechnology, IIT Kharagpur

Budget (In Rupees) A. Non-Recurring (e.g. equipments, accessories, etc.) I Year Total(Rs)

Non Recurring (Equipments)

HTHP Degumming Autoclave of 1-2Kg capacity

High Speed centrifuge unit Storage tank, filtration system, pumps, flow meters, pressure gauge etc.

10,00,000 10,00,000

Protein Purification Systems i.e Gel filtration columns and dialysis membranes and setup.

12,00,000 12,00,000

Up gradation of electrospinning machine 1,50,000 1,50,000

Total 23,50,000

B. Recurring B.1 Manpower (See guidelines at Annexure-III) *as per revised salary structure at IIT Delhi wef April 2011

S. No .

Item DBT Funded Grand Total

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Total 1

Project Associate

460800 506880 552960 1520640 1520640

2 Project Assistant

338400 372240 403200 1113840 1113840

4 Jr.Project Attendant

100800 110880 120960 332640 332640

900000 990000 1077120 2967120 2967120

Sub-Total (B.1) = Rs. 29, 67,120

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B.2 Consumables

S. No .

Item DBT funded Grand Total

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Total 1.

Chemicals & Glassware

1,00,000 1,00,000 50,000 2,50,000 2,50,000

100000 100000 50000 250000 2,50,000

Sub-Total (B.2) = 2,50,000

Other Items DBT Funded Grand Total

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Total B3 Travel 50,000 50,000 50,000 1,50,000 1,50,000 B4 contingency

1,50,000 1,50,000 1,50,000 4,50,000 4,50,000

B5 Over Head @20%

710000 2,58,000 2,65,424 1233424 1233424

Sub Total of B (B1+B2+B3+B4+B5)

1910000 1548000 1592544 5050564 5050564

Grand Total (A+B)

4877120 1548000 1592544 8017664 8017664

Note : Please give justification for each head and sub-head separately mentioned in the above table. Financial Year : April - March In case of multi-institutional project, the budget estimate to be given separately for each institution.

Justification:

1. Non-recurring equipments, namely Lab model protein purification Gel filtration system and necessary columns and HTHP Autoclave (2Kg) would be kept at the Department of Textile Technology, I.I.T. Delhi and would be required for carrying out the experiments of the project.

2. Project Associate and Project Assistant and Jr.Project Attendant would be required for carrying out the experiments of this project.

3. As the complete project is laboratory based, consumables like chromatographic coloumn, chemicals, solvents, raw materials would be required for carrying out the work.

4. Moderate budget for travel would be required for going to discussion with experts and visit to SERICARE Labs at Bangalore for collecting raw materials and conducting some experiments.

5. Contingency would be required to cover the cost of books, photocopying, preparation reports, stationary items and sample testing.

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PART V: EXISTING FACILITIES Resources and additional information

1. Laboratory:

a. Manpower M.Tech student - one

s.no Equipments

Location

1. Lab Scale ultra filtration membrane(10kDa), Millipore

Textile chemistry lab,

IIT Delhi 2. Lab scale Tangential flow system

filtration assembly, Millipore

Fibre science Lab, IIT Delhi

3. Spray Dry Chamber

Textile Department, IIT Delhi

4. SDS-PAGE Analyzer Set up Textile chemistry lab,

IIT Delhi 5. Analytical Facilities: Full fledged lab

equipped with FTIR, DSC, TGA, XRD, SEM, Optical

microscopes, Muffle Furnace etc.

Textile Department, IIT Delhi

6. Antimicrobial Facility

Textile chemistry lab,

IIT Delhi 7. Electro spinning machine Nanotech lab,Textile

Dept.,IIT Delhi 8. Textile testing lab-Air permeability,

Tensile testing etc. Textile Department, IIT Delhi

2. Other resources such as clinical material, animal house facility, glass house. Experimental garden, pilot plant facility etc. NA

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Any other information: About M/s Sericare, Bangalore - Our Industrial Partner

M/S Sericare Division Healthline Pvt Ltd., is a Private Limited Company registered under

the Indian Companies Act 1956, having its Registered Office at IS-21, KHB Industrial Area,

Yelahanka New Town, Bangalore – 560 106. It is a Agro-based company dedicated to

Sericulture through innovative products and extending technical service to the farmers. It is

the only company being certified by ISO 9001:2008 standards in Sericulture Industry and

recently been selected under SBIRI scheme by Department of Biotechnology (DBT) for a

grant of research funding. It has an independent Research Farm spread over 12 acres with

scientifically grown Mulberry Garden and a silk worm rearing house attached to it, which

also manufactures artificial diet for silk worm rearing, SeriCha from processed mulberry

leaves, which controls diabetes. There is a manufacturing unit at Doddaballapur which

manufactures various disinfectants for silkworm rearing, sanitization of rearing house,

improving growth of mulberry leaves and products to improve cocoons yield and a quality

control lab attached to it. Sericare has a fully equipped cell culture and protein purification

in – house lab for the research and development activities, which has been recognized by

Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Department of Science and

Technology, Govt of India. The company has a unique team of experts in the field of

Sericulture and Biotechnology. HLPL is keen to open its door to the students of UAS,

Bangalore, who can get the benefit from excellent facilities for their hands on training and

research and also augment the R & D efforts of HLPL.

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PART VI: DECLARATION/CERTIFICATION It is certified that

a) the research work proposed in the scheme/project does not in any way duplicate the work already done or being carried out elsewhere on the subject.

b) the same project proposal has not been submitted to any other agency for financial support.

c) the emoluments for the manpower proposed are those admissible to persons of corresponding status employed in the institute/university or as per the Ministry of Science & Technology guidelines (Annexure-III)

d) necessary provision for the scheme/project will be made in the Institute/University/State budget in anticipation of the sanction of the scheme/project.

e) if the project involves the utilisation of genetically engineered organisms, we agree to submit an application through our Institutional Biosafety Committee. We also declare that while conducting experiments, the Biosafety Guidelines of the Department of Biotechnology would be followed in toto.

f) if the project involves field trials/experiments/exchange of specimens, etc. we will ensure that ethical clearances would be taken from concerned ethical Committees/Competent authorities and the same would be conveyed to the Department of Biotechnology before implementing the project.

g) it is agreed that any research outcome or intellectual property right(s) on the invention(s) arising out of the project shall be taken in accordance with the instructions issued with the approval of the Ministry of Finance, Department of Expenditure, as contained in Annexure-V.

h) we agree to accept the terms and conditions as enclosed in Annexure-IV. The same is signed and enclosed.

i) the institute/university agrees that the equipment, other basic facilities and such other administrative facilities as per terms and conditions of the grant will be extended to investigator(s) throughout the duration of the project.

j) the Institute assumes to undertake the financial and other management responsibilities of the project.

Signature of Project Coordinator Signature of Executive Authority (applicable only for multi-institutional projects) of Institute/University with seal Date: Date : Signature of Principal Investigator: Signature of Co-Investigator Date: Date:

27

PART VII: PROFORMA FOR BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF INVESTIGATORS Provide the following information for the key personnel in the order listed on PART II.

Follow this format for each person. DO NOT EXCEED THREE PAGES

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR Name: Dr. Mangala Joshi Designation: Professor Department/Institute/University: Department of Textile Technology, IIT Delhi Date of Birth: 9th May 1961 Sex (M/F) : Female SC/ST: No Education (Post-Graduation onwards & Professional Career) Year of passing

Degree Marks/ GPA University/Institute

1992 PhD -- IIT Delhi

1986 M Tech 8.22 IIT Delhi 1982 M Sc 8.21 IIT Delhi Total teaching & research experience: Year Designation Employer 2011 onwards Professor IIT Delhi 2006-2011 Associate Professor IIT Delhi 2000 -2006 Assistant Professor IIT Delhi 1993-2000 Senior Scientific

Officer -I NITRA, Ghaziabad

1992-1993 Research Associate CSIR (IIT Delhi) 1986-1992 Project Associate IIT Delhi

Awards/Fellowships:

1. Australia India Council Grant to visit Australia, present a paper in the 26th Australian

Polymer Symposium and visit University of Queensland, Brisbane, Monash University and CSIRO (Polymer and Fiber Division) at Melbourne in July 2003.

2. First and Second Prize (respectively) for posters under student category titled-

i. -Antimicrobial Finishing of cotton using Neem ii. -UV Protective HDPE for sunscreen shelter fabric iii. at 7th Asian Textile Conference, December ,2003, India Habitat Centre,

New Delhi.

3. Executive Member “Fiber Forum India” and Asian Polymer Association, a professional society

28

4. CSIR Research Associate Fellowship (1992-1993)

5. Special Mention Merit certificate awarded for Poster Presentation in International Polymer Symposium: Polymer’s 91 at NCL, Pune.

6. Nehru Award for scoring highest marks in B.Sc. Final exams (1981) at Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow.

7. Mary Shanon Scholarship for scoring highest marks in B.Sc. College Trimestors (1981) at Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow.

Research Interests

Nanotechnology Applications in Textiles Nanocomposites: Fibers and Coatings Nanobiotechnologies for Textiles, Nanomaterials, Nanocoatings High Performance Functional & Intelligent -Technical Textiles Polymeric membranes and adsorbents

Environment Friendly Technologies: Use of natural products for

Textiles i.e Neem Extract and Aloe Vera, Recovery and reuse of Sericin: A Biomacromolecular protein from degumming liquor

Member of “Nano Materials and Nanotechnology” research group at Institute level under “Polymer Nanocomposite” sub group

Publications (Numbers only) B. Publications (Numbers only) Book Edited: 1 Book Chapters: 4 Research Papers 55 Reports: 8 General articles: 11 Conference Papers: 84 Patents: ...3 Others (Please specify): Invited Lectures: 26

Books/monograph/course material

Coauthored a chapter on ‘ Polysilsesquioxanes : Synthesis and Applications” for the book titled “ Polymeric Nanostructures : Synthesis and Applications” published by American Scientific Publishers, USA (2006) Authors : Dr. PSG Krishnan and Dr. Mangala Joshi

29

Edited a book titled ‘Advances in Polyesters and Polyamides’ by Woodhead Publishing Co. Ltd. Cambridge, UK (2008) Editors –Prof. B L Deopura,Mangala Joshi,R Alagirusamy and B Gupta, IIT Delhi Authored a chapter titled ‘The Impact of Nanotechnology on Polyesters and Polyamides’ in the book titled “Advances in Polyesters and Polyamides” under Publication by Woodhead Publishing Co. Ltd. Cambridge, UK (2008) Authors : Dr. Mangala Joshi Coauthored a chapter titled “Composite Wound Dressings” by Woodhead Publishing Co. Ltd. Cambridge, UK (2009) Authors: Dr. Mangala Joshi and Dr. Roli Purwar (2010) Selected peer-reviewed publications (Ten best publications in chronological order)

1. M. Joshi and A. Bhattacharyya, Nanotechnology: A New Route to High Performance and Functional Textiles, Textile Progress 43 (3) (2011), 155-233.

2. S Rana, R Alagirusamy and M Joshi ,Development of carbon nanofibre incorporated three phase carbon/epoxy composites with enhanced mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, , Composites Part A , Applied Science and Manufacturing ,42(2011)439-435.

3. A. Bhattacharyya and M.Joshi, Co-deposition of iron and nickel on nanographite for microwave absorption through fluidized bed electrolysis, International Journal of Nanoscience, 10 (4-5) 2011, 1125 – 1130

4. A. Bhattacharyya and M. Joshi, Microwave absorbent nanocomposite films of iron-nickel nanographite in thermoplastic polyurethane matrix, Journal of Nanostructured Polymers and Nanocomposites, 6 (3) (2010), 73-78.

5. S. Wazed Ali, S. Rajendran and M. Joshi, Modulation of size, shape and surface charge of chitosan nanoparticles with special reference to antimicrobial activity, Applied Science Letters, 3 (2010) 1-9.

6. M. Joshi and V. Viswanathan, High Performance Filaments from compatibilised PP/clay nanocomposites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 102(3) (2006) 2164-2174.

7. M. Joshi, B. S. Butola, G. Simon and N. Kukalevab, Rheological and viscoelastic behaviour of HDPE/ Octa methyl POSS nanocomposites, Macromolecules, 39 (2006) 1839-1849.

8. P. Santhana Gopala Krishnan, M. Joshi, P. Bhargava, S. Valiyaveettil, and C. He, Effect of Heterocyclic Based Organoclays on the Properties of Polyimide-Clay Nanocomposite, Journal of Nanosci. Nanotech. 5, 2005, 1136-1145.

9. M. Joshi and B. S. Butola, Studies on Nonisothermal Crystallization of HDPE / POSS Nanocomposites, Polymer, 45 (2004) 4953-4968.

10. M. Joshi and B. S. Butola, Polymeric Nanocomposites - Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) as Hybrid Nanofiller, Journal of Macromolecular Science C-Polymer reviews,44(4) (2004), 389-410.

List of ten important publications relevant to the proposed area of work

1. S. Wazed Ali, S. Rajendran and M.Joshi, A Novel Self-Assembled Antimicrobial Coating on Textiles using Chitosan Nanoparticles, AATCC Review, 11(5)(2011) 49-55.

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2. S. Wazed Ali, S. Rajendran and M. Joshi, Synthesis and characterization of chitosan and silver loaded chitosan nanoparticles for bioactive polyester, Carbohydrate Polymers, 83 (2011), 438-446

3. S Wazed Ali, M. Joshi and S. Rajendran, Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity, International Journal of Nanoscience ,4&5 (2011) 979-984.

4. M. Joshi, R. Khanna, K. Jha, R. Shekar, Nanocoating of chitosan using layer-by-layer self-assembly approach on cotton textile substrate, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 119 (2011), 2793-2799

5. S. Wazed Ali, S. Rajendran and M. Joshi, Effect of Process Parameters on Layer-by-layer Self-assembly of Polyelectrolytes on Cotton Substrate, Polymers & Polymer Composites, 18 (2010) 175

6. M Joshi, R Purwar and M L Gulrajani, Studies on structural and functional properties of sericin recovered from silk degumming liquor by membrane technology, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 113(5) (2009) 2796-2804

7. R Purwar, P Mishra and M Joshi, Antibacterial finishing of cotton textiles using Neem extract, AATCC Review, vol 8(2) (2008), 35-44.

8. M Joshi, S Wazed Ali and S Rajendran, Antibacterial Finishing of Polyester /Cotton Blend Fabrics using Neem (Azadirachta Indica): A Natural Bioactive Agent, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 106(2) (2007), 793-800.

9. R Purwar, P Mishra and M Joshi, Antibacterial finishing of cotton textiles using Neem extract, AATCC Review, vol 8(2) (2008), 35-44.

10. M Joshi and R Purwar, Recent Developments in Antimicrobial Finishing of Textiles- A Review, AATCC Review, Vol. 4(3), March 2004, pg 22.

Research Projects and Consultancy

Sponsored Projects (as Principal Investigator)

1. Development of Bioactive Nanocomposite Fibers, Lockheed Martin Corporation, USA ,August 08 to Dec 2011

2. Detailed Project Report on “ Development of Materials for High Altitude Airships”

National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore (Jan- June 2009) 3. Development of Polyurethane/clay nanocomposite based coated textiles and laminates

for Inflatables ADRDE (Aerial Delivery Research & Development Establishment), DRDO, Agra, Sep 2007 – Feb 2011

4. Developmnent of Nanomaterial enhanced High Performance coated

TextilesDST, Govt. of India under ‘Nanomission Project”June 2007 – April 2011

5. High Performance Composite Filaments from Nanoclay Reinforced Polymers,Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India, March 2003 - September 2006

4. Feasibility Study on development of polymer nanocomposite based Polyurethane

coated fabrics,ADRDE (Aerial Delivery Research & Development Establishment), DRDO,Agra , May 2004 - February 2006

31

5. Development Of Natural Polymer Based Adsorbents For Removal Of Dye From Textile Waste Water, Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India (At NITRA, Ghaziabad) 1996 – 1999

Sponsored Projects (as Co- Principal Investigator)

1. Standardization of Process for Extraction and Application of Sericin to Textile Fabrics (Phase I + II) Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India June 2006 – Aug 2011

2. Intelligent Processing of Advanced Polymeric Materials DST & Industry (M/s Reliance Industries Ltd.) March 2006-March 2009

3. Scale up of RO Process for separation of dyes and recovery of auxiliary chemicals and water from polyester dyeing effluent

Ministry of Textiles, Govt. Of India (at NITRA, Ghaziabad) 1993 –1996

Consultancy Projects

1. Evaluation and Advice on Precursor and Carbon Fibers, Pasupati Acrylon India Ltd.(1.5 Lakhs, Phase I, 2.0 Lakhs Phase II) 2008-09

2. Evaluation and solutions to processing problems of of Nylon 6 Tyre Cords SRF Ltd., Chennai (as co consultant) (1.5 lakhs)

3. Evaluation of Nylon Tyre Cords, SRF Ltd. (as co consultant) (2 lakhs) 4. Development of Abrasive Fabrics, Forebros Tools, Pvt. Ltd, GZB (0.30 lakh) 5. Evaluation of protective clothing for pesticide users, NITRA (0.50 lakhs) 6. Comparative Evaluation of Sunscreen Shelter fabric, Indian Air Force, Govt. of India

(0.50 lakh) 7. Evaluation of Plastic Material for Revenue Intelligence, Directorate of Revenue

Intelligence (O.50 lakh)

Other Extension Tasks

Development of technology and transfer to industry

Extraction and purification of silk sericin from waste degumming liquor using membrane separation process and its application (In Progress)

Sericin is a silk protein, which forms the outer gummy layer of silk fiber and is removed during the degumming process prior to silk processing resulting into a heavy load on waste water in terms of BOD and COD. The technology to extract sericin using a membrane separation process has been developed in a sponsored Project from Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India (2006–2008). The process not only recovers sericin, a bioprotein of great significance but also helps in reducing the environmental load in silk processing industry. The extracted sericin has a lot of

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application in cosmetic, food and textile industry because of its moisture absorbing and releasing property, antimicrobial and UV protective property.

The technology developed in the lab is being scaled up to pilot scale level under the second phase of the sponsored project from DBT (2009 to 2011). The pilot plant has been designed, fabricated and under installation at M/s Nath Brothers, Noida. The trials are likely to begin shortly.

Team: M L Gulrajani, Mangala Joshi, Roli Purwar, K Sahile, Raj Kamal Prasad and Subhadip Haldar

Industry Partners : Mr. Vishwanath, M/s Nath Brothers Noida

Development of Health and Hygiene Textiles using Nano and Biotechnologies

(In Progress)

A technology incubation unit under FITT, IIT Delhi has been started with industry partner M/s Advantage Organic Naturals. The aim is to develop prototype textile products which have antimicrobial as well as wellness properties using a range of herbal based products as well as nanotechnologies.

The products based on Neem, Sericin and natural dyes have been developed and under testing.

Team: M L Gulrajani, K Sen, Mangala Joshi, D Gupta, B S Butola and Roli Purwar

Industry Partners: Mr. Rajeev Sachdeva, M/s Advantage Organic Naturals Ltd.

Signature of Investigator(s) Place: Date:

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CO-PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Prof. M.L. Gulrajani

Present Position: Professor, Department of Textile Technology, IIT Delhi

Date of Birth: August 29, 1944 Academic Qualifications

B.Sc. (Gen.) Delhi University, 1963 B.Sc. (Tech.) Bombay University, 1966, stood first in the University M.Sc. (Tech.) Bombay University, 1968, stood first in the University Ph.D (Tech.) In Textiles from Bombay University, 1972

Employment Record S.S.O – I :Ministry of Foreign Trade - November 1971 to March 1972 Asst. Professor* :Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi - March 1972 to April 1981 Professor** :Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi - April 1981 to till date * R&D Executive, M/s. East India Cotton Mills (on leave from IIT Delhi), May 1979 to June

1980 ** Head, Department of Textile Technology, August 1985 to Sep. 1989 ** Dean, Industrial R&D Unit, IIT Delhi January 1995 to July 1998 ** Director R&D, M/s Alps Industries Ltd. (on sabbatical leave from IIT Delhi), July 1998 to

July 1999. Administrative Experience

As Dean of Industrial R&D, responsible for providing management support for 500 sponsored research projects and 400 consultancy projects. Also, responsible for formulation of policies to promote the culture for Industrial R&D in IIT Delhi. As Head of Textile Technology Department of Indian Institute of Technology Delhi from 1985-89, looked after the modernization and overall administration of the department. Besides these I have worked in, many other responsible positions viz., President Board for Students Welfare, President Board for Recreational and Creative Activities, House Master of Niligri Hostel and Editor of Quarterly publication of IIT Delhi. R&D Executive of M/s East India Cotton Mfg. Co. Faridabad, processing over 1.5 lac meters of cloth per day and employing over 4000 workers. Set up R&D Unit and developed many technologies and products. R&D Director of M/s Alps Industries, I set-up R&D unit, upgraded manufacturing facility and marketing of Natural dyes, dyed cotton, yarn, fabrics & made-ups.

Professional Activities

Fellow of Society of Dyers and Colourists (UK) and Honorary Fellow of Textile Association (India).

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Member of Board of Governors of Mumbai University, Institute of Chemical Technology (Formerly BUDCT my Alma matter) Member of the NRDC National Awards Committee (since 2003) Member of the Board for Directors of Clariant (India) Ltd. (Swiss Multinational), Alps Industries, Ghaziabad, J.J. Exporters Limited, Kolkata and Kothari InfoTech Limited, Surat. Chairman and member of Research Advisory Committees and Awards Committees of many organizations (Appendix 1− Page 5).

Awards

Received 10 awards from various agencies, viz., Hari Om Ashram, India Merchant’s Chamber, Century Mill, C.D. Foundation and B.U.D.C.T. (Appendix 2− Page 6).

Research

Guided 11 students for Ph. D. degree (Appendix 3 − Page 7) and over 50 students for M. Tech degree. Successfully completed 15 sponsored research projects funded by DST, MNES, MoT, Central Silk Board and Alps Industries. (Appendix 4− Page 8).

Consultancy

Undertaken more than 50 consultancy projects. (Appendix 5− Page 9). Worked as a consultant on "Dyeing and Finishing of Silk" on the World Bank project on "Development of Silk" in Bangladesh. Worked for two year in Industry, 1979-80 as R&D Executive of East India Textile Mills Limited and 1998-99 as R&D Director of Alps Industries Limited on leave from IIT Delhi.

Patents

Granted 1. A process for producing dyestuff from plant material, jointly with Mr. K.K. Agarwal,

Chairman, Alps Industries Limited. Patent filed by Alps Industries. Indian Patent No. 189495 of 15th July 1994.

Filed 1. A Cooking Process for Silk Cocoons. Application No. 1628/DEL/95, 4th Sept. 1995 2. A Process for Cleaning of Spun Silk Fabrics: Application No. 1629/DEL/95, 4th Sep

1995 3. Process for the Dyeing of Cotton and other Cellulosic Substrates with Lac Dye,

Filed through TIFAC-DST. Application No. 669/Del/2000, 19th July 2000. 4. Process for Extraction of a brown Coloring Principle of Rumex meritmus and

method for the dyeing of textile substrates therewith. Filed through TIFAC-DST Application No. 137/DEL/2001, 8th Fab. 2001.

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5. Process for Extraction of a brown Coloring Principle of Rumex meritmus and method for the dyeing of textile substrates therewith. Filed through TIFAC-DST Application No. 137/DEL/2001, 8th Fab. 2001.

6. Process for Extraction of a Yellow coloring principle of Trigonella Fenugreek and method for the dyeing of textile substrates therewith. Filed through TIFAC-DST.

Publications

Edited 28 books including conference proceedings. (Appendix 6− Page 12). Published 39 papers in International referred journals, 54 papers in national referred journals and over 67 papers in other journals. (Appendix 7− Page 13). Presented a large number of ‘Papers’ and invited ‘Lectures’ during National and International Conferences within the country and in various other countries viz. US, Europe, Japan, China, Russia, Indonesia, Thailand etc. that have been published in Conference Proceedings.

Teaching-Learning Material 1. Scripted and jointly produced seven ‘Single Concept’ video films ((Appendix 8−

Page25). 2. Complete Video Course of 22 units on ‘Introduction to Dyeing of Textiles’; and 11

Units on ‘Pretreatment of Textiles’. 3. Developed two UG and two PG courses: TT434-Theory of Chemical Processing.

TT431- Dyeing of Manmade Fibres and Blended Textiles, TT743-Pricliples of Colour Measurement and Communication, TT741-Coloration Technology.

Technologies Developed - Commercialised

1. A Process for Production of Carboxy Methyl Guar Gum for Printing of Reactive Dyes- Production Plant put up by East India Cotton Mills, Faridabad -1977.

2. Development of a Synthetic Thickener based on Hydrolyzed Ployacryamide for the Printing of Reactive Dyes - Production Plant put up by East India Cotton Mills, Faridabad -1978.

3. Formulation of Potassium Persulphate Based Desizing Agent - Production Plant put by East India Cotton Mills, Faridabad -1979.

4. Standardization of a Process for Production of Polyacryamide Based Sizing Agent Production Plant put by East India Cotton Mills, Faridabad -1980.

5. Formulation of Single Stage Desizing-Scouring- Bleaching Agent for Cotton Fabrics and Yarns Production Plant put by East India Cotton Mills, Faridabad -1980.

6. Developed Processes for the Production of Acrylic Emulsion Polymer based Finishes for Cotton Fabrics - Production Plant put by East India Cotton Mills, Faridabad -1980.

7. Designed & Developed a Solar Kier for the single stage Desizing-Scouring- Bleaching of Cotton Fabrics and Yarns – 100 Kg. production plant put up in Pondichery, Jodhpur and Delhi, 1987.

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8. Designed and Developed Solar Energy Based Machinery for Chemical Processing of Silk – Demonstration plants put up at the Indian Institute of Handloom Technology at Varansi, 1988.

9. Standardization of Processes for Degumming of Silk with Enzymes and Acids – Adopted by various silk processing units through out India 1990-1995.

10. Developed Processes for Discharge Printing of Silk – Adopted by various silk processing units through out India, 1990-1995.

11. Processes for the Production and Application of Natural Dyes – Production Plant put up by Alps Industries Limited, Ghaziabad 1996.

12. Developed New Viscose Variants for Grasim Industries, Nagda – Still undergoing trials

13. Developed a Technology Package for the Coloration of Coir with Natural Dyes – Coir Board, Kerala, 2002.

14. Developed a Technology Package for the Coloration of Bamboo with Natural Dyes – For National Mission on Bamboo Applications –TIFAC-DST, 2003.

15. Know-how for the Production of Bamboo Fibre through Non-pulping and Viscose Route – For National Mission on Bamboo Applications –TIFAC-DST, 2005.

Signature of Investigator(s) Place: Date:

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CO-PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Prof. Prashant Mishra Name: Dr. Prashant Mishra Designation: Professor Department/Institute/University: Department of Biochem.Engg. Biotechnol., IIT Delhi Date of Birth: 30th November 1961 Sex (M/F): Male SC/ST: No Education (Post-Graduation onwards & Professional Career) Year of passing

Degree Marks/ GPA University/Institute

1988 PhD -- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi

1983 M Phil 7.75/9.0 (A grade) Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi

1981 M Sc 66.9% First Division and IInd rank

Allahabad University

Total teaching & research experience: Year Designation Employer 2011-till date Professor IIT Delhi 2005-2011 Associate Professor IIT Delhi 1994-2005 Assistant Professor IIT Delhi 1991-1994 Lecturer IIT Delhi 1988-1991 Project Associate JNU, New Delhi

Awards/Fellowships:

BOYSCAST Overseas Fellowship awarded by Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (1994) CSIR Junior and Senior Research Fellowship (1981-1986) Merit certificate awarded for second rank in M.Sc.(Biochemistry) (1980) Dudgen Memorial Medal for scoring highest marks in Botany in B.Sc. (Biology group) (1978) Smt Yamuna Devi Memorial Prize for Scoring highest marks in B.Sc. (Biology group) (1978)

Research Interests

Protein Engineering; Non aqueous Enzymology, Nanoparticles based drug delivery; Protein based nanodevices

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Member, Convener, Nano Research Facility at IIT Delhi, Funded by MCIT Govt of India

Publications (Numbers only) B. Publications (Numbers only) Book Authored: 1 Book Chapters: 4 Research Papers 34 Conference Papers: 44 Patents: ...2 Others (Please specify): Invited Lectures: 25 Books/monograph/course material

Book Authored:

Singh A and Mishra P. Microbial Pentose Utilization: Current Application in biotechnology. Progress in Industrial Microbiology Vol 33. Elsevier Science B.V., The Netherlands (1995) Book Chapters: Mishra P and Prasad R. Lipids in Candida albicans In: Candida albicans: Cellular and Molecular Biology (R. Prasad ed.) Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 128-143 (1991). Prasad R and Mishra P. Microbial tolerance to alcohols: role of cell membranes. In: Yeast Biotechnology 2. Yeasts for alcohol and fat production. (S.C Basappa and P. Tauro eds) 102-113 (1989) Mishra P. Tolerance of fungi to ethanol. In: Stress Tolerance to Fungi (D.H. Jennings ed.) Marcel Dekker, New York 189-208 (1993) Saxena RK. Sharma G and Mishra P. Recent developments in chondrocyte culture and cartilage engineering Advances in Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ed C. Chakraborty) Daya Book Publisher, New Delhi 10-52 (2005) Selected peer-reviewed publications (Ten best publications in chronological order) Bansal S, Srivastava A, Mukherjee G, Pandey R, Verma AK, Mishra P and Kundu B. Hyperthermophilic asparaginase mutants with enhanced substrate affinity and antineoplastic activity: structural insights on their mechanism of action. FASEB J (2012) in Press Naresh M, Das S, Mishra P and Mittal A. The chemical formula of a magnetotactic bacteria. Biotechnol. Boengg 2012 (in Press) Madan B and Mishra P Co-expression of the lipase and foldase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to a functional lipase in Escherichia coli Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85:597-604 (2010)

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Bansal S Gnaneswari D Mishra P Kundu B Structural stability and functional analysis of L-asparaginase from Pyrococcus furiosus Biochemistry (Moscow) 75: 375-381 (2010) Madan B and Mishra P Overexpression, purification and characterization of organic solvent stable lipase from Bacillus licheniformis RSP-09. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 17:118-123 (2009) Gupta R, Mishra P, Mittal A. Enhancing nucleic acid detection sensitivity of Propidium Iodide by a three nanometer interaction inside cells and in solutions. J. Nanoscience Nanotechnol 9:2607-2615 (2009) Sareen R and Mishra P. Purification and characterization of organic solvent stable protease from Bacillus licheniformis RSP-09-37. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol 79:399-405 (2008). Purwar R, Mishra P and Joshi M. Antibacterial finishing of cotton textiles using neem extract. AATCC Review 8:36-43 (2008). Sareen R, Bornscheuer U and Mishra P. Synthesis of kyotorphin precursor by an organic solvent-stable protease from Bacillus licheniformis RSP-09-37 J. Mol Catalysis B: Enzym. 32:1-5 (2004). Sareen R, Bornscheuer U and Mishra P A microtiter plate assay for the determination of the synthetic activity of protease. Anal. Biochem. 333:193-195 (2004). List of ten important publications relevant to the proposed area of work Madan B and Mishra P Co-expression of the lipase and foldase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to a functional lipase in Escherichia coli Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85:597-604 (2010) Madan B and Mishra P Overexpression, purification and characterization of organic solvent stable lipase from Bacillus licheniformis RSP-09. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 17:118-123 (2009) Purwar R, Mishra P and Joshi M. Antibacterial finishing of cotton textiles using neem extract. AATCC Review 8:36-43 (2008). Sareen R and Mishra P. Purification and characterization of organic solvent stable protease from Bacillus licheniformis RSP-09-37. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol 79:399-405 (2008). Sareen R, Bornscheuer U and Mishra P Synthesis of kyotorphin precursor by an organic solvent-stable protease from Bacillus licheniformis RSP-09-37 J. Mol Catalysis B: Enzym. 32:1-5 (2004). Sareen R, Bornscheuer U and Mishra P A microtiter plate assay for the determination of the synthetic activity of protease. Anal. Biochem. 333:193-195 (2004).

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Chand S and Mishra P Microbial Enzymes and their Applications- India’s contribution. Advances in Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology 85: 95-124 (2003) Mishra P, Griebenow K, Klibanov AM. Structural basis of the molecular memory of imprinted proteins in anhydrous media. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 52: 609-614 (1996 Costantino HR, Griebenow K, Mishra P, Langer R, and Klibanov AM. Fourier -transform infrared spectroscopic investigation of protein stability in the lyophilized form. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1253: 69-74 (1995) Boominathan R, Mishra P and Chand S. Isolation of lipase from the culture filtrate of Humicola lanuginosa. Bioseparation 5:235-239 (1995). Research Projects and Consultancy Sponsored Projects (as Principal Investigator) 1. Bioprocess development for the lipase catalyzed modification of oils and fats to produce value added products” funded by MHRD (2002 -2005) Completed 2 Biodegradable nanoparticles for delivery of pharmaceutical proteins Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Thrust Area IIT Delhi (2004-2005) Completed 3. Biodegradable and biocompatible polymer nanoparticles containing protein pharmaceutical for wound dressings Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Laboratory, USA (2008-2011) (Ongoing) 4. Nano-Silicon Based Technologies for Nanofabrication and Nanoscale devices Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (Co-Chief Investigator) (2010-2015). (Ongoing)

Sponsored Projects (as Co- Principal Investigator)

1. Microwave–Assisted enzymatic catalysis in synthesis of designer lipids funded by MHRD (2003-2005) Completed 2. Development of product recovery process for urokinase production and purification Completed Funded by Swedish Research Links (SIDA) (2004-2006) (Completed) 3. Fluorimetric characterization of drug delivery potential of uniform biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles funded by CSIR (2006-2009) Completed 4. A Novel Strategy for the production of ethanol” 2008-2010 funded by Department of Biotechnology (Completed)

Consultancy Projects: Nil

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Other Extension Tasks

Development of technology

Patents:

1. Development of Process for Antimicrobial Textiles with Dr. Mangala Joshi and Ms Roli Purwar (Department of Textile) Provisional Patent No: 1679 /DEL/2004 /dated 6th Sept 2004 2. Mutants of L-asparaginase: Filed (Ref: India- 2090/DEL/2010; filed dated Sept 1, 2010;

PCT/IB2011/002018; filed dated Sept 1, 2011)

Signature of Investigator(s) Place: Date: