Prof. Dr. Július Novotný,CSc. Dr. Milan Zúbrik

Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Research Station B. Stiavnica, Lesnícka 11, 969 23, Slovak republic

Integrated pest management in close nature forestry

The tree decline as a key problem

TreeTreeForest standForest stand

Forest ecosystemForest ecosystem

STRESTRESSSSINJURIOUS INJURIOUS FACTORSFACTORS

FOREST DECLINEFOREST DECLINE

The key approaches

...caused by weather anomalies, emissions, wind, snow, insects, fungi infections etc. results in the decline of commercially and ecologically important forest tree species.

•Natural forests are more pest resistant.

•Have a close nature forest - have a healthly forests

General decrease of the vitality and stability of forest stands

Injurious factors

Biotic agents phytopathogenic micro-organisms, insect pestsbark beetles and wood borers, leaf-eating and sucking, insects, game

Anthropogenic injurious factors air pollution, immissions, other anthropogenic injurious factors

Abiotic injurious factors weather anomalies, wind, snow, frost, dry...

synergistic effect

49,2

42,8 43,2

51,7

59,6 60 59,7 58,8

41,846,2

49,2

39,535,1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70%

Injurious factors

Proportion of incidental felling in total volume of felling in Slovakia (in %)

Injurious factors

Damage caused by non-biotic injurious factors

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

rok

m3

droughtsnow

wind

The key approaches

WHAT IS Integrated pest management ?

It is a system of the different methods in silviculture, forest management and forest protection with target to prohibit forest from injury.

The key approaches

WHY Integrated pest management ?

We do not control one single agant but we are dealing with several agents which attack the forest in the same time or one after the other.

IPMrules

Integrated pest management general RULES

•Economical

•Effective

•Ecological

•Different treatments have to by co-ordinated together.

•Make prevention instead of suppression or eradication.

IPMrules

Integrated pest management general RULES

•Pest management has to be realised on a large (possible all) infected area.

•We do not need fully remove the pest from the ecosystem - we need to keep its population density under the economical (or another) level.

•Combination of mechanical, chemical and biological treatments.

Models Integrated pest management MODELS

•Basic information (tree, stands, soil, position, insect presence...)

•Simulation of possible combined effects of the injurious factors

Models Integrated pest management MODELS

•Models for ecosystems (mountain forests, nature reserve)

•Models for tree species (spruce, beech...)

Model contents

•risk factors

•treatments in prevention

•treatments in suppresion

Forest pests

Bio agents -leaf eating insectHmyz

huby•Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)

•Tortricids on oak (Tortrix viridana, Aleima loenflingiana...)

•Geometrids on oak (Erannis defoliaria, Operophtera brumata)

•Silver fir woolly aphid (Dreyfusia nordmannianae)

•Melolontha sp.

Forest area defoliated by leaf eating insect during last 10 years period in Slovakia

Forest pests

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 0 1 2

year

ha

Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar in Slovakia - area

Forest pests

Legend: Územie najviac ohrozené

Územie ohrozené škodcom

Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar in Slovakia - population dynamic

Forest pests

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

year

ha

Forest pests

Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar in Slovakia

•Monitoring of population dynamic.

Annual and regular monitoring system using pheromone

traps.

•Monitoring of natural enemies complex.In 1960-65 were two egg parasitoids Ooencyrtus cuvanae and Anastatus disparis introduced from south Europe into the south Slovakia. They were successfully established in Forest ecosystems.

Monitoring of parasitoids and predators through different projects.

Forest pests

Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar in Slovakia

•Criteria for area applications-in high quality production forests, forests close to urban area, forest in central part of gradation area, places with low population density of natural enemies...

•Pesticides aplication on large area only.

YY

YYYYYYYYYYYY

YYYYYY

YY YY

YYYYYYYYYYYY

NNYYNN

NN

NN YY

Forest pests

Example - wrong solution

YY

YYYYYYYYYYYY

YYYYYY

YY YY

YYYYYYYYYYYY

YYYYYY

YY

YY YY

Forest pests

Example - good solution

Forest pests

Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar in Slovakia

•SIT

•ULV treatments -2-4 l/ ha

•Only viruses or B.t. pesticides used.

In 1994-1995 was Foray on area of 5000 ha applied.

Forest pests

Bio agents -bark beetles and wood borers

• Ips typographus

• Pityogenes chalcographus

• Ips sexdentatus

• Ips acuminatus

• Scolytus intricatus

Ips typographus in Slovakia - areaForest pests

Ips typographus in Slovakia - population dynamic

Forest pests

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

900000

1000000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

year

m3

I. typographus

P. chalcographus

Ips typographus in Slovakia Forest pests

• consistent hygiene in the forests

• searching, cutting and sanitation of the infected trees.

• Bringing the population density down trap trees, pheromone traps

NV1,0 - 1,5 %0,5 %5 – 6 l/m3Vaztak 10 SC

NV1,0 - 1,5 %0,5 %5 – 6 l/m3Vaztak 10 EC

NV0,1 – 0,2 %0,05 %5 – 6 l/m3Regent 800 WG

NV1,0 - 1,5 %0,5 – 1,0 %5 – 6 l/m3Karate 2,5 WG

NV0,5 - 0,7 %0,3 – 0,5 %5 – 6 l/m3Fury 10 EW

ULV30 %--0,6 l/m3Cyples 30 ULV

NV1,5 %0,5 %5 – 6 l/m3Cyper 10 EM

volumesanitationpreventiondose Pesticide

Ips typographus in Slovakia Forest pests

THEYSOHNTHEYSOHN ECOTRAP

ResultsConclusion

The are no principle differences between IPM in normal managed forest and in nature close forest.

Theoretical knowledge about IPM has to by implement directly in to the praxis and applied in the close nature forests.

....thank you for your attention!