prof derek clements-croome - intelligent buildings for the future
TRANSCRIPT
INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS FOR THE FUTURE
DSc Lecture at Debrecen University
Professor Derek Clements –CroomeUniversity Reading
November 29th 2013www.derekcroome.com
CAN INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS PROVIDE ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING OF BUILDINGS ?
Garrison Keillor
It was luxuries like air conditioning that brought down the Roman Empire. With air conditioning their windows were shut, they couldn't hear the barbarians coming.
TerminologySustainable Intelligent Buildings and Cities
Digital (Cyber) Intel
SentientQuality of Life Liveability
Green
ICT Web-Based (e services)
Sensory
EnvironmentalSocialSmart
Nature
Environmental-Socio-Economic Value
LESSONS FROM HISTORY
Behling 1996
THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE IGLOO
Wind towers in Yazd, Iran to ventilate houses, are also constructed to cool underground cisterns.
Ice House at Kerman Iran. Ice formed during frosty winter nights in the shallow channels protected from the sun’s rays by the high wall. Its packed between layers of straw in the mud-brick dome.
Michell 1978
Indonesia
Velinga M, Oxford Brookes University
The J.M Tjibaou Cultural Center (Museum of Noumea) designed by Renzo Piano (Winner of 1998 Pritzker prize), is a harmonious alliance of modern and traditional Kanak architecture. Traditional thatch huts, native to the Kanak people, inspired the design.
Piano learnt from local culture, buildings and nature.Tall thin curved laminated iroko wood ribbed structures supported by steel ties resist cyclones and earthquakes. The ribs have horizontal slats which allow passive environmental control to occur. The slats open and close according to wind strength and direction and admit air to a cavity which is linked to the glazed façade of the museum.
section
Melet 1999
Occupant
Observer / passer by
External environment
Building
Internal environment
Buildings, Environment & People
Integration
People
Product(System
s)
Process
the brief; the need for well structured
procedures;the importance of human and
social criteria; effective team working all driven by
holistic and creative thinking
Principles of Integrated System Design
Elliot (2009) and The Royal Academy of Engineering
Crystal Building London
Sustainable Design Adds Value
Sustainability---- Risk or Opportunity?– Can you afford to be sustainable?– (Perceived) higher build cost
Can you afford not to be sustainable?– Taxes– Penalties– Rising prices– A changing environment– Occupier awareness– Increasing legislation– Shareholder pressure– New investment opportunities– Capital value - ‘two tier market’
Hirigoyen J., 2009, Trends in responsible property, Jones Lang LaSalle
LEED Rated Buildings
cost 6% more to build; have occupancy rates over 4%
higher;command 2-6% higher rents; save 10-50% in energy
consumption;decreased operating costs; increased building value 10% in
2008 Hirigoyen (2009) ;Bernstein and Russo (2010)
Reduced energy consumptionLower utility billsLower emissions Lower capital costs from increased
equipment lifeDecreased unplanned downtimeLower risk of equipment failureReduction in overtime labour costs
Smart Benefits
e on 2010
PEOPLE
Environmental Design Affects Well-Being of People
Low carbon buildings can be unsustainable if the human needs are neglected
Healthier buildings are automatically low carbon
but not all low carbon buildings are healthy workplaces
Overheated buildings are wasteful, uncomfortable and lower productivity
Each deg C rise is about 8% in energy terms in UK
Air Quality and Temperature Equally Important
Emphasise Well-being and Freshness rather than Comfort
Improved People Performance in Green Buildings?
Sickness Absence is reducedNatural light and ventilation increase
accuracy, concentration .health and well-being ,happiness, attitudes...
Productivity gains of up to 6-16% often cited
Journal Property Management /Rocky Mountain Institute/Pennsylvania Power and LightSarah Daly, 2010, Heath Avery Architects
Saves Energy
Care of People
Leaner and FresherEnvironments
Greener
Environments Conducive to Health and Well-being
A fresh thermal environment
Ventilation rates to provide fresh air with good distribution and acceptable levels of CO2
Good natural lighting
Minimal lighting glare from within and external to the space
Spatial planning and settings to suit various types of working
Ergonomic work places so as to minimise muscular-skeletal disorders
Minimum pollution from external sources including noise
Whole Life Value Cost Ratios
Design & Construction (X)
Facilities Management (Y)
Utilisation (Z)
Z >> Y > X e.g. 80 : 8 : 1
Wu & Clements-Croome, 2004
PROCESSES
the connectivity of the supply chain processes from brief to disposal;
sustainability, using BREEAM or another sustainability assessment tool at each phase of the building life cycle; and
Whole-life Business Model to Attain Performance
function, performance and value, using Building Quality Assessment and the Design Quality Indicator for example, to make a quality assessment and
post occupancy evaluation so
that long term feedback is obtained by measuring factors which relate to the occupant, the systems and the building.
LESSONS FROM NATURE
Characteristics of Nature
runs on sunlight; uses only the energy it needs; fits form to function; recycles; rewards cooperation; banks on diversity; demands local expertise; realises the power of limits.
Benyus (2002)
Biomimetics
The abstraction of good design from Nature
Biophilia – How we Connect with Nature
What is Biophilia?
First described by Erich Fromm in the 1960’s, Biophilia, simply put, is the Love of Life, or Living Systems.
American Biologist Edward O. Wilson went further with the ‘Biophilia hypothesis’ in the mid 1980’s, that we don’t just love all things in the natural world, but we are genetically connected to them. As humans we have a deep desire to connect with nature whenever possible.
Our subconscious desire to be close to nature in our everyday lives continues even in the workplace.
The Artificial Leaf
Research groups have been trying to create artificial leafs to try and mimic natural processes. Dan Nocero then at MIT now at Harvard had success in 2011.
An Artificial Leaf splits water to produce oxygen and hydrogen, use hydrogen either as a fuel or to reduce carbon dioxide to produce organic fuels.Royal Society of Chemistry, Harnessing Light: Solar Energy for a Low Carbon Future,2008
Biomimetics, Design and Intelligent Buildings
BOTH ORGANISMS AND BUILDINGS HAVE TO SURVIVE IN THEIR ENVIRONMENTS
– ADAPTATION (Shape, Materials, Structures,…),MODULATION
– SENSING, ACTUATION (Passive, Active)– INTELLIGENCE (Choices, Responses)– ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Jeronimidis, G, 2007, The University of Reading
The Fish (Peix) at Vila OlimpicaBarcelona 1989-1992 by Gehry
H. Aldersey-William , Zoomorphic 2004, (Lawrence King)
Milwaukee Art Museum, Wisconsin, USA, 1994-2001 by Santiago Calatrava is like a Bird
Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre by Norman Foster like an Armadillo
Organic Architecture
Organic architecture promotes harmony between human habitation and the natural world through design. Sympathetic and integrated into its site so that buildings, furnishings, and surroundings become part of a unified, interrelated composition.
Fallingwater by Frank Lloyd Wright
Animal and Human Technologies
Spider’s webs, devices for catching food;
Spider’s web in detail hardened forms of
viscous thready masses.
Otto –Rasch 2001
Bubble and net formation in a living cell (radiolaria)
We mimic Nature, but have yet to come up with anything to match its technical and aesthetic ingenuity, its ability to adapt to its environment and change over time.
Nothing beats a spider's web or for example the human skin.
Back to the Nature in the Urban Jungle, The Times, 26.8.2010 p.16
SPIDERS WEBS
Bower birds collect and arrange by size brightly coloured objects with which to lure the females and stimulate a sexual response.
Reed Hut Weather Shelter
More highly developed building technology for
woven reed hut.
Primeval House
Primeval House
Cerci organs (about 2mm long) carry about 2000 hair-type sense organs each act as:
air-flow sensorschemical sensorsacceleration sensorsdeformation sensorscontact sensors
WOOD CRICKET (15 mm long)
Integrated Sensing
Jeronimidis, G, 2007, The University of Reading
Digital Botanic Architecture
The idea is not to make buildings look like botanic organisms. It is to interlace Nature and architecture enabling the design of hybridized, biological structures. The overall aim is to create new architectural typologies incorporating natural attributes ordered in performance, materials, mechanics, communications, and form.
Dollens 2009
The Podhotel copies leaves and pods from a flower stalk, the leaves being transformed into solar and shading panels and the pods being prefabricated rooms.
Dennis Dollens Grows Architecture: Podhotels and Spiral Bridges,06.05.07 www.treehugger.com
Magnetic or Compass termitaries near Darwin , Australia..
Attenborough, D, 2005,Life in the undergrowth, BBC Books p.228
Compass termites in Australia Evolved
orientation of termitary for preferred maximum temperature level of about 320C
Von Frisch 1975
The Ultima Tower - a Human Termite Nest by Eugene Tsui
Eastgate Office Building in Harare Zimbabwe inspired by termites nest
Biomimetics: Early Examples
Giant Water lilies – Kew Gardens-inspires the rib vaults at Crystal Palace Crystal Palace
1851Jeronimidis, G, 2007, The University of Reading
Fractal topology of extruded leaf wax
Physical principle = Surface tension affected by wax
Droplet collects particles and clean leaf
Jeronimidis, G, 2007, The University of Reading
Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism. Its name is a hybrid word, originating from the Greek bios for "living" and the Latin lumen "light". Bioluminescence is a naturally occurring form of chemiluminescence where energy is released by a chemical reaction in the form of light emission
BIOLUMINESCENT TREES
Fireflies, anglerfish, other creatures and some mushrooms glow due to bioluminescense
Alberto Estévez’s Bioluminescent Tree
Experiments in bio-illumination with implications for architecture, industrial and environmental design.Dollens, 2005,Design Biomimetics: An Inquiry and Proposal for Architecture and Industrial
Design
Digital Walls
Gilder .J, Clements-Croome .D .J, 2010, Bio inspired Intelligent Design for the Future of Buildings
Digital Walls with Embedded Sensors
Dye sensitised solar cellswith titanium oxide layers
on a surface with light absorbing dye molecules
adsorbed on surface which can generate electricity
Gilder’s proposed photovoltaic cell over the membrane absorbing sunrays from all
directions inspired by Moths Eye
Microscopic view of a schematic membrane with impregnations on its outer surface created for increasing
its exposed surface area.
A virtual analysis of the model for this project showing the encapsulated routeings of the heating and cooling network within the base material of the structure.
Gilder .J, Clements-Croome .D .J, 2010, Bio inspired Intelligent Design for the Future of Buildings
Lessons from Nature
Although human ingenuity makes various inventions it will never discover inventions more beautiful, appropriate and more direct than in Nature because in her nothing is lacking and nothing is superfluous.
Leonardo Da Vinci
INNOVATION
Source: Joseph Jacobsen, Organizational and Individual Innovation Diffusion Global Innovation Outlook 2004, IBM, p.6
Technology Hype Cycle
Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_cycle
New technologies are over hyped by the media and businesses.
A hype cycle is a graphic representation of the maturity, adoption and business application of specific technologies.
Pressures of Climate Change
Increasing CO2 levels
Increasing World Population
The power of the sun, 2010, Sullzer Technical Review,1 page 20
Solar Charging Clothing
Portable solar chargers like the U-Powered solar charger from Kiwi Choice are a handy way to keep mobile devices like smartphones, cameras and media players topped up with electricity while on the go. GO Solar Power comprises a range of clothing items that feature pockets to house solar panels to charge up mobile electronic devices.
Bacteria Heal Cracks in Walls
Researchers have designed bacteria that can produce a special glue to knit together cracks in concrete structures.
Fujitsu Converts Heat and Light into Electricity with a Single Device
Fujitsu Laboratories today announced a two-in-one energy harvesting device that can convert both light and heat into electricity. With no electrical wiring or batteries to replace, Fujitsu says that this sort of device can be manufactured from organic materials keeping costs to a minimum
3D-printed Sand Microclimates to Cool Public Places
Taking a leaf from traditional Islamic architecture that dealt with the harsh desert climate with Mashrabiyas – a projecting latticework window that provides shade from the hot sun while allowing cool air from the street to flow through – London-based design firm PostlerFeruson has designed a kind of three dimensional Mashrabiya that can cool the immediate area in an energy-free way
PAUSE
Nanotechnology and New Materials
Intelligent facades Self Cleaning concrete Self Healing concrete Low carbon concrete (Novacem) Lightweight stronger concrete with
nanotubes Plastic electronics Low energy lighting
Some Developments
SENSORY WORLD
Embedded Sensors in Buildings, Equipment and Clothing
Occupants lifestyle affect energy consumption
Embedded sensors help increase occupant’s awareness and help them to save money and society save energy
MotionHeat flux
TemperatureGalvanic skin response
Heart rateCO2 partial pressure
Blood CO2
Brain rhythmsMood and stress
Sensors Measure
HUMAN SENSORY INTERFACES
Body MovementsBody Electricity
Gesture RecognitionPersonalisation
M-Dress by Adam Chang works with a standard SIM card. When the dress rings, you raise your hand to your head to answer the call.
http://www.thestar.com/living/Fashion/article/529211
jumpsuit with built-in iPod control and pocket
The Hug Shirt™ is a Bluetooth accessory for Java
enabled mobile phones
KineticDress is a Victorian inspired
evening gown reactive to the wearer’s
activities and mood.
Mystique (the shape shifter): dress changes shape and length during the course of an evening
Accessory Nerve is a Bluetooth mono-sleeve accessory for mobile phones that changes pattern (creating pleats on the fabric) when a user receives phone calls
Embedded Theater) is a system that allows to interactively navigate audio-augmented environments and create mobile storytelling experiences
Fibres could Generate Electricity from Body Motion
Trousers generate enough electricity to power a portable electronic device or to charge a mobile phone.
Each fibre consist of millions of zinc-oxide nanowires grown onto longer strands of Kevlar.
A fabric made of the material could generate 80 mWm-2
Physics World Vol 21, No 3 March 08
Greening
Advantages of Greening
Cooling Effect Increased Insulation Aesthetics Increased Recreation Areas Reduced Heat Island Effect
Aldingbourne Nurseries
InnovationsPROCESSES Whole Life Value From Planning to Recycling Logistic support Analysis Sustainability Rating Tools Soft Landings Framework Optimisation Processes Network Science for Systems Interactions
InnovationsPEOPLE Biophilia Well-being Studies Personalisation Environment and Work Performance Information overload Spaces for working
InnovationsPRODUCTS/SYSTEMS Wireless Sensor Networks/Wi-Fi Chips Body Sensitive Architecture Cloud Computing Networked Worlds Low Power Lighting Renewables and Energy Water Use Waste Systems Nano Robots Smart Facades Biomimetic Architecture
Case Studies
Green Mega City: Lilypads by Vincent Callebaut
http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html
These Lilypads are constructed with a titanium dioxide skin to absorb CO2
Green Mega City: Lilypads by Vincent Callebaut
http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html
Titanium Dioxide skin to absorb CO2 2 seater electric pod cars Biodiesel/electric buses guided by
embedded road magnets Footstep energy Wind turbines using air movement Hydrogen from an Algae Park Tidal power from wind from passing car Solar energy from paint containing
solar nanoparticles
Green Mega City: Lilypads by Vincent
Callebaut Solar energy from paint containing solar
nanoparticles Clear water from desalination Robotic maintenance Bubble Houses Phase change materials give temperature
regulation Hydroponic farms Plant water from sewage filtered via zebra
mussels 10 storey concrete tower with embedded
photovoltaics Geothermal wells for heating/coolinghttp://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html
The Arab World Institute in Paris Institut du Monde
Arabe (IMA)By Jean Nouvel
1981-1987
His first nationally recognised project. Received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture 1987-1989.
Helped him to win the 1988 Grand Prix d’Architecture.
This grid elevation contain 240 units16000 moving parts
Works like a lens of a camera a mosaic-patterned
block
a jewel a precious clockwork mechanism
- Maintenance
- Power
- Heat
MashrabyyaDelicate exterior element
Cooling water
Shading
Filtration air from dust
Privacy
Has several uses such as
curtain, air conditioner and refrigerator
The unique use of high-tech photosensitive mechanical devices made this building famous in 1987.
Nowadays its still widely known and hasn’t lost its futuristic impression but
the facade system no longer works.
Van Poucke on 31/ 01/ 2011, under History, Technology : Kinetic Architecture.net
MATERIALS and SURFACE TREATMENTS
Plants and Air Purity Areca Palm converts CO2 to O2-- need 4 shoulder
height plants per person
Mother-in-Laws Tongue converts CO2 to O2 during the night-- need 6-8 waist high plants per person
Money Plant absorbs formaldehyde and VOCs
Plants can increase blood oxygen levels and decrease building sickness symptons like eye irritations, headaches; asthma; respiratory and lung problems
Research carried out by Kamal Meattle , CEO ,Paharpur Business centre & Software Technology Incubator Park in New Delhi
UV PCO
Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO) or Photocatylisis is the opposite of photosynthesis.
PCO is a natural process whereby Ultra Violet light energy reacts with the mineral Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), triggering a chemical process that safely and instantly oxidizes or breaks up organic matter at a molecular level.
As a catalyst, TiO2 continues to work and is not consumed in the process.
www.pureti.co.uk
PURETi treated surfaces work with nature to purify air quality including:
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Smog incorporating NOx and organic Particulate Matter.
Odours from methane – such as tobacco smoke, human and agricultural waste.
Methane / Formaldehyde
Indoors on windows and lighting
Outdoors on building exteriors, hardscapes, asphalt and concrete.
Improving Air Quality
www.pureti.co.uk
PURETi helps restore and maintain a healthy living and working environments.Clinically proven to reduce the riskof infection, allergies and disease
Indoors on windows and lighting
Outdoors on building exteriors, hardscapes, asphalt and concrete.
Health and Wellbeing
www.pureti.co.uk
Type 2 Approved Type 2 Medical Device
Beautiful architecture and design can be protected and easily maintained.Entire streetscapes, from buildings to signposts, road markings to advertising billboards, can be kept cleaner for longer, ensuring greater efficiency.
Protecting Aesthetics
www.pureti.co.uk
Solar
Not Treated
Treated
PURETI UV-PCO IS THE ANSWER!One Application Works for 3-5 Years!
Uses Light to Clean – Not Chemicals!
Cuts Maintenance Cost and Time by >50%NON COATED
Soiling de-rates PV solar 4%/25% Thermal Solar by upto 50%
PURETi reduces soiling reducing cleaning costs (50%) improving output.
PURETi is also known to have huge impacts on output in extreme temperatures.
www.pureti.co.uk
Smog Eating Architecture
Dives in Misericordia (Rome) by US Architect Richard Meier.
Structure and sails were constructed using photocatalytic / active cement. TiO2 was employed not only to keep the building white but also reduce air pollution.
www.pureti.co.uk
Il Duomo – Milan, ItalyIl Duomo – Milan, ItalyTrial controlled by Professor Claudia L. Bianchi; University. of Milan, Chemistry Department.
Trial of4 areas of the recently cleaned Duomo – 2 sculptured reliefs located at the base, a wall set in the middle section and roof panels.
www.pureti.co.uk
Phase Change Materials
The RACUS® ceiling tile incorporates a bio-based phase change material which captures and stores excess heat gains from within the building which reduces the need for air conditioning.
The phase change material is a composition of vegetable oils and fatty acids which are microencapsulated within an acrylic polymer shell that are embedded within the ceiling tile.“
"RACUS® stands for Reducing Air Conditioning Units and Systems.
Microencapsulated Bio-based PCM
VEGETABLE OIL & FATTY ACID
PCM CORE
ACRYLIC POLYMER SHELL
28262420
18
Infra-red Thermal Imaging
19°CRoom Temp.with RACUS®
20°C22°C24°C22°C
20°C
Room Temp. without RACUS®
24°C
"As the room temperature begins to reach 24°C, the phase change material, which starts off in a solid state, begins to melt within the shell and absorbs the excess latent heat from the surrounding environment throughout the day.
As the room temperature cools to below 20°C, the phase change materials slowly begins to solidify and release the stored latent heat back into the building. It performs through a natural passive process continually day after day, year after year.“
GROUND SOURCE COOLING
Underground Thermal Energy Storage; The
Principle UTES is a system which utilises Interseasonal Heat Transfer (IHT). This involves the storage of excess energy
from summer for use in winter heating applications, and the storage of cooling potential from winter
for free cooling in summer.
•Cool Store •
Warm Store
Cooling Buildings
Warming Buildings
Heat Gain
Heat Losses
Free Cooling
Heat Pump
ATES - Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage
Environmental Aspects of Masdar City
Keith Calder of Norman Foster and
Partners
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
90% recycled aluminium facade reflecting light
Indirect light bounced into apartment
Highly insulated fully sealed façade
GRC elements and mashrabiya screens provide protection from direct sunlight
Undulated balconies provide privacy and shading
GRC with low thermal mass Fast responsive system cooling down very quickly to reduce heat gain
Residential Façade – Concept and Performance
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Student Accommodation – Façade DesignSolar Screens
Low Thermal Mass
Patterned screens provide privacy
control
Ventilated Cavity
Double skin avoids convection gain
Recycled Aluminium
Reflects light to street
High thermal conductivity -
cools down quickly
Highly Insulated
U-Value
0.19 W/m2K
Highly Sealed
3m3/m2/hr
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
ETFE cushions filter direct sunlight and mirror finish foil reflects the light into the public realm
Windows located where required for views and daylight
Highly insulated and fully sealed façade
Lightweight ETFE cushions absorb energy to avoid heat radiating back into the street
Passive shading devices to eliminate direct solar gain
Indirect lightbounced into research spaces
Laboratory Facade – Concept and Performance
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Laboratory – Facade DesignSolar Shading
Glare free daylight and solar control
Positioned to maintain views
out
ETFE cushions
Low Thermal Mass
Lightweight
Non-stick coating
Lightweight Frame
Air gap for heat buffer
Reflective Foil
Light to narrow streets
Heat rejection layer
Highly Insulated
U-Value
0.19 W/m2K
Highly Sealed
3m3/m2/hr
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Laboratory Façade – Prototype Offsite Testing
CWCT Test Methods for Curtain Walling
CWTC = Centre for Window and Cladding Technology
• Air Infiltration test• Static water pressure test• Dynamic water pressure test• Wind serviceability test
(deflections)• Wind safety load test
(strength)• Hose test
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Abu Dhabi – Typical Street
Radiant temperature 52°C39°C Air temperature
Abu Dhabi is not very successful at controlling microclimate. As seen in the images , the temperatures sensed and surface temperatures are well above the traditional thermal comfort range. There are various reasons for this.
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Abu Dhabi – Typical Street
Asphalt57°C
Radiant temperature 52°C39°C Air temperature
Building38°C
20°C 50°C
Presence of cars as heat sources and ubiquitous presence of asphalts lead to ground surface temperatures above 50 deg C. We measured 51.6 C at midday in September. They would be possibly higher in mid summer months!
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Courtyard - Pool of Coolness
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Courtyard- Pool of Coolness
20°C 50°C
Dry ground (shade)33°C
Wet ground (shade)27°C
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Street ComparisonHamdan Street, Central Abu Dhabi
Masdar City, Abu Dhabi
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Street Comparison
20°C 50°C
39°C Air temperature
Ground Surface Temperature57°C
Radiant Temperature37°C
Ground Surface Temperature33°C
Radiant Temperature52°C
The Camels Nose
To keep sand from blowing into their noses, camels can shut their nostrils.
When there is no sand blowing in the wind, a camel can open its nostrils (A) and breathe through its nose.
When the wind starts to whip up the sand, the camel just closes its nose (B).
http://www.allsinai.info/sites/fauna/camel.htm
The camel's nose acts as both a humidifier and a dehumidifier with every breathing cycle.
The hot, dry air that is inhaled passes over the large area of moist membrane. This air is immediately humidified by picking up moisture from the nose and cooled in the process,. This cooler air passes to the lungs and remains at approximately body temperature.
When it is exhaled, it is cooled even further by passing over the same nasal membranes, this time by a process of dehumidifying instead of humidifying. The nasal membranes are coated with a special water-absorbing substance that extracts the moisture from the air like the cooling coils of a dehumidifier.
A net savings of 68 percent in the water usually lost through respiration occurs just between the cooling and drying phases of the breathing cycle.
Vertical garden cities and buildings
EDIBLE ARCHITECTURE
DNA-inspired twisting Agora Garden underway in Taipei City by Vincent Callebaut
Asian Cairns in Shenzhen by Vincent Callebaut 2013
Six buildings on 70 acres produce their own food and generate energy using PV solar and axial wind turbines.
Each ‘pebble’ can be for different uses. Orchards, vegetables and gardens are planted within and outside the buildings
Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Building
Cybertecture New form Architecture
James Law Cybertecture Designs
Technosphere
The Capital The Vasukamal (The Fountain Head)
Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Building
Profile:Location: Mumbai, IndiaPurpose: Office Building
Completion date: End of 2010Organization: James Law Cybertecture company
Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Building
Intelligent building Management System
-Use of control and automation
services
-Achieve the best interior and exterior building performance
-Responding to the occupants’ satisfaction regarding to the building performance
Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Building
shape of the building visual sense
intangible materials
High space flexibility
Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Building
Sky Gardens-Structure used to protect the building, by enabling sun shading and providinga refreshing atmosphereto the building. - Use of solar PV and windturbine system at the
rooftop
Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Building
Intelligent glass facade system-approximately 15% less surface area than
conventional buildings
-glass panels Solar gain
Heat gain -Stress mitigation
- Stress mitigation
Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Building
Indoor comfort- “Best space to work
in” J.L. Cybertecture- ‘Cybertecture
Health’ provides Interactive
featuresPresents people’s
health statistics such as blood
pressure and weight
CARBON POSITIVE BUILDINGS
Arificial Leaf can generate hydrogen
Dan Nocera at Harvard
Hydrogen Production in Leaves
Artificial Leaf Mechanism Using Sunlight and
Water
Hydrogen Producing Façade
A Water Wall with Artificial Leaves Immersed Within
Sunlight Radiates Causing Reaction
Hydrogen Produced
Hydrogen Producing Artificial Leaf Facade
Recommendations
Tenets for Intelligent Buildings
Plan and design with an Integrated Team so that clients, consultants, contractors, facilities managers all develop a commitment to the project and want to fulfil the environmental, social and economic aims.
Systems and holistic thinking are key.
Assess the impacts of the buildings on occupants and communities nearby.
Occupants behaviour has a large effect on the consumption of energy and water so try to increase awareness of occupants to the impact of their actions on resources.
Aim to increase the built asset value for the organisation
Understand users perceptions: understand the physical and psychological well-being.
Design for Flexible and agile space
Provide Individual control of environmental conditions
Use smart metering but wireless sensor technology becoming applicable in building operation for personal use by consumers.
Develop data management systems
to give feedback on the performance of spaces in the building.
Understand the interaction between the building, systems and the occupants
Commission pre-occupancy and post-occupancy evaluation are vital.
Use a whole life value approach to
ensure quality and whole life costs considered.
Aim for simplicity rather than complexity in operation.
Think about well-being and freshness besides comfort and
consider all the senses and how air, view, daylight, sound, colour ,greenery and space affect us in the workplace.
Connectivity is important for
Interoperability not only between the systems and the building but also between the occupant and the building
Design for flexibility and adaptability
Think of an Intelligent Building as an organism responding to human and environmental needs but also one that needs to “breathe” through the facade between the external and internal environments.
The façade transfers light, solar radiation, air, noise, and moisture but also links occupants to the outside world so intelligent or smart facades allow these aspects to be controlled in a way which is functional but also
Design environment to be enjoyable to those working and living inside the building.
Balance efficiency with effectiveness. An air supply system for example can
deliver the “right” amount of air to a space and be deemed efficient but may not be effective in the space because it has no impact on the breathing zone where the people are.
Plan facilities management so the building is cared for
Design beyond the expectations defined in Regulations.
Keep abreast of relevant fields of knowledge and innovation.
Learn from other sectors and disciplines
Develop an integrated approach to education to meet sustainable agenda
FUTURES Carbon negative buildings like
artificial leaf hydrogen generating facades also
algae biofuel facades Green living facades Applications of biomimetics Smart materials for reactive
facades;embedded sensors, nanotubes , graphene
Application of nanotechnologies Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning,
maintenance and site assembly
FUTURES Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning,
maintenance and site assembly Fully integrated interoperable
systems Buildings into smart grid system Wireless Sensor Technology linking
climate, building, systems and occupants
Innovation with respect for passive low technology
New culture of value, systems and holistic thinking and vision
Bio Intelligent Quotient building by Arup/Splitterwerk £4.8m 3 years
129 Algae louvred tanks SE/SW facadesAlgae +nutrients+CO2+sunlight
Algae harvested and processed for biogas
Also shades buildingSolar heat used too
BIQ Algae Powered Building Hamburg
2013
BIQ Algae Powered Building Hamburg 2013
GRAPHENE
Carbon atomic scale honeycomb lattice
Lightest strongest and stiffest substance known
Can self repair Many applications
GRAPHENE LAYER
WHAT WE CALL THE BEGINNING IS OFTEN THE
END
AND TO MAKE AN END IS TO MAKE A BEGINNING
THE END IS WHERE WE START FROM
T.S.ELIOT-- FOUR QUARTETS-- LITTLE GIDDING