PRODUCTION OF THERMOELECTRIC PRODUCTION OF THERMOELECTRIC

POWER FROM SOLID WASTE OF SOME POWER FROM SOLID WASTE OF SOME

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF

LAHORELAHORE

ByBy

Mohammad Rafiq Khan Mohammad Rafiq Khan

Lahore School of EconomicsLahore School of Economics

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

The study was undertaken with the following objectives in mind:The study was undertaken with the following objectives in mind:

Safe and techno-economic disposal of solid waste produced in Safe and techno-economic disposal of solid waste produced in the the

scheduled educational institutionsscheduled educational institutions Study of the feasibility of production of thermo-electric power from Study of the feasibility of production of thermo-electric power from the the

biomass of solid waste biomass of solid waste Later extension of the study to higher levels such as village, town,Later extension of the study to higher levels such as village, town, and and

national city levelnational city level Recommendations to all concerned for effective solid waste Recommendations to all concerned for effective solid waste

management and production of thermoelectric power to eliminatemanagement and production of thermoelectric power to eliminate

power in Pakistanpower in Pakistan

METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH Collection of DataCollection of Data Processing of DataProcessing of Data Interpretation of ResultsInterpretation of Results

The preliminary enquiry revealed that the total waste produced inThe preliminary enquiry revealed that the total waste produced in

the scheduled institutions were approximately as follows:the scheduled institutions were approximately as follows: LSELSE 200 Tons per Annum200 Tons per Annum LUMS LUMS 500 Tons per Annum500 Tons per Annum KC KC 200 Tons per Annum200 Tons per Annum GCU GCU 720 Tons per Annum 720 Tons per Annum

Description of Detailed Methodology inDescription of Detailed Methodology in

(1) Khan MR and Pervez, F. 2009. Production of (1) Khan MR and Pervez, F. 2009. Production of Thermoelectric Power from the Solid Wastes of Kinnaird Thermoelectric Power from the Solid Wastes of Kinnaird College, Environ Monitor, IX (9&10): 14-28College, Environ Monitor, IX (9&10): 14-28

(2) Khan, MR and Sheikh, S. 2010. Production of (2) Khan, MR and Sheikh, S. 2010. Production of Thermoelectric Power from Solid Waste: A Case of Lahore Thermoelectric Power from Solid Waste: A Case of Lahore School of EconomicsSchool of Economics, , International Energy Journal 11:51-64International Energy Journal 11:51-64

One related to the actual waste of the institutions and One related to the actual waste of the institutions and

second to the amounts that had the likelihood of second to the amounts that had the likelihood of

qualifying the projects as feasible for subsequent qualifying the projects as feasible for subsequent

implementation are reported in Table 1 and 2.implementation are reported in Table 1 and 2.

The two sets of projects;

Table 1: Table 1: Bases and requisites of alternative Bases and requisites of alternative projects (Assessed weight of solid waste)projects (Assessed weight of solid waste)

AlternativesAlternatives 11 22 33 44 55 66

Solid Solid Waste-Tons/AnnumWaste-Tons/Annum

200200 200200 500500 500500 720720 720720

Cost of LandCost of Land IncludedIncluded ExcludedExcluded IncludedIncluded ExcludedExcluded IncludedIncluded ExcludedExcluded

Live Steam TemperatureLive Steam Temperature 600C600Co o to 650Cto 650Coo 600C600Co o to 650Cto 650Coo 600C600Co o to 650Cto 650Coo

Live Steam PressureLive Steam Pressure 70–80 kg/cm²70–80 kg/cm² 70–80 kg/cm²70–80 kg/cm² 70–80 kg/cm²70–80 kg/cm²

Fuel Steam RatioFuel Steam Ratio 1:71:7 1:71:7 1:71:7

Steam ProducedSteam Produced 1,400 Ton/Annum1,400 Ton/Annum 4,200 Ton/Annum4,200 Ton/Annum 4.200 Ton/Annum4.200 Ton/Annum

Multistage TurbineMultistage Turbine Light DutyLight Duty Light DutyLight Duty Light DutyLight Duty

Steam Consumption/ kWSteam Consumption/ kW 5 kg/kW5 kg/kW 5 kg/kW5 kg/kW 5 kg/kW5 kg/kW

Electricity ProducedElectricity Produced 280,000 kW/Ann.280,000 kW/Ann. 700,000 kW/Annum700,000 kW/Annum 1,008,000 kW/Annum1,008,000 kW/Annum

Steam Produced /hrSteam Produced /hr 0.16 Ton/hr0.16 Ton/hr 0.4050 Ton/hr0.4050 Ton/hr 0.5832 Ton/hr0.5832 Ton/hr

Electricity Produced/HrElectricity Produced/Hr 32-40 kW32-40 kW 81.10 kW81.10 kW 116 kW116 kW

Table 2: Table 2: Bases and requisites of alternative Bases and requisites of alternative projects (Increased weight of solid waste)projects (Increased weight of solid waste)

AlternativesAlternatives 77 88 99 1010

Solid Waste-Tons/AnnumSolid Waste-Tons/Annum 600600 600600 1,0001,000 1,0001,000

Cost of LandCost of Land IncludedIncluded ExcludedExcluded IncludedIncluded ExcludedExcluded

Live Steam TemperatureLive Steam Temperature 600C600Co o to 650Cto 650Coo 600C600Co o to 650Cto 650Coo

Live Steam PressureLive Steam Pressure 70–80 kg/cm²70–80 kg/cm² 70–80 kg/cm²70–80 kg/cm²

Fuel Steam RatioFuel Steam Ratio 1:71:7 1:71:7

Steam ProducedSteam Produced 4,200 Ton/Annum4,200 Ton/Annum 7,000 Ton/Annum7,000 Ton/Annum

Multistage TurbineMultistage Turbine Light DutyLight Duty Heavy DutyHeavy Duty

Steam Consumption/ kWSteam Consumption/ kW 5 kg/kW5 kg/kW 5 kg/kW5 kg/kW

Electricity ProducedElectricity Produced 840,000 kW/Annum840,000 kW/Annum 1,400,000 kW/Annum1,400,000 kW/Annum

Steam Produced /hrSteam Produced /hr 0.486 Ton0.486 Ton 0.81Ton/hr0.81Ton/hr

Electricity Produced/hrElectricity Produced/hr 97.22 kW97.22 kW 162kW162kW

RESULTSRESULTSNature and Composition of Solid Waste Nature and Composition of Solid Waste

Sub-Processes at Sugar MillSub-Processes at Sugar Mill

Bagasse StorageBagasse Storage

Transport to the BoilerTransport to the Boiler

BoilersBoilers

Turbines Turbines Supply of ElectricitySupply of Electricity

Figure 1: Figure 1: Flow sheet showing the sub-processes Flow sheet showing the sub-processes in the process of production of electricity from in the process of production of electricity from bagasse bagasse

Transport to boiler

Bagasse Storage

Turbine

Supply of electricity

Boiler

Figure 2: Figure 2: Flow Sheet of Bagasse Transport to Flow Sheet of Bagasse Transport to BoilerBoiler

Figure 3: Figure 3: Flow Sheet of Boiler-Supplied by Flow Sheet of Boiler-Supplied by Pattoki Sugar Mill Pattoki Sugar Mill

Figure 4: Figure 4: Flow Sheet of Turbine-Supplied by Pattoki Flow Sheet of Turbine-Supplied by Pattoki Sugar Mill Sugar Mill

Sub-processes of the Project: Same as above except the Sub-processes of the Project: Same as above except the

substitution of Bagasse by Solid wastesubstitution of Bagasse by Solid waste

Turbine

Supply of electricity

Transport to boil

Solid Waste

Boiler

Figure.5: Flow sheet diagram of the designed project.

RESULTS OF COST ANALYSISRESULTS OF COST ANALYSIS

The integrated results of cost analysis are computed in Table 3 to 6.The integrated results of cost analysis are computed in Table 3 to 6.

Alt. PV of Benefits

PV of Costs.

BCR NPV Initial Investment

Annual Return

PBP-Years

1 190,196 1,206,599 0.15 –1,016,403 920,950 -7,455 Infinite

2 190,196 539,933 0.35 –349,737 264,167 --7,455 Infinite

8 562,967 539,933 1.04 23,034 264,167 53,212 5.

10 935,738 539,933 1.73 395,805 264,167 110,100 2.39

Table 3: Computation of results of evaluation of alternatives- for LSE (US$)

Table 4: Table 4: Computation of results of evaluation Computation of results of evaluation of alternatives for KC (Rupees)of alternatives for KC (Rupees)

Alt. PV of Benefits

PV of Costs BCR NPV Initial Investment

Annual Return

PBP-Years

1 190,196 4,539,933 0.04 – 4,349.737 4,264,167 -7,455 Infinite

2 190,196 539,933 0.35 –349,737 264,167 --7,455 Infinite

8 562,967 539,933 1.04 23,034 264,167 53,212 5

10 935,738 539,933 1.73 395,805 264,167 110,100 2.39

Table 5: Table 5: Computation of results of evaluation of Computation of results of evaluation of alternatives for LUMS (Rupees) alternatives for LUMS (Rupees)

Alt. PV of Benefits

PV of Costs BCR NPV Initial Investment

Annual Return

PBP Years

3 469,774 1,739,933 0.26 - 1,270,159 1,464,167 34,267 42.7

4 469.774 539,933 0.87 – 70,159 264,167 34,267 7.7

8 562,967 539,933 1.04 23,034 264,167 53,212 5.

10 935,738 539,933 1.73 395,805 264,167 110,100 2.39

Table 6: Table 6: Computation of results of evaluation of Computation of results of evaluation of alternatives for GCU (Rupees)alternatives for GCU (Rupees)

Alt. PV of Benefits

PV of Costs BCR NPV Initial Investment

Annual Return

PBPYears

5 674,798 7,206,503 .0.09 –6,531,795 6,930,833 67,633 102

6 674,798 548,266 1.23 126,532 264,167 67,633 3.90

8 562,967 539,933 1.04 23,034 264,167 53,212 5

10 615,738 539,933 1.73 395.805 264,167 110,100 2.39

DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION

Lahore School of EconomicsLahore School of Economics

Kanaird CollegeKanaird College

Lahore University of Management SciencesLahore University of Management Sciences

Government College & University LahoreGovernment College & University Lahore

CONCLUSIVE REMARKSCONCLUSIVE REMARKS