production of stable isotopes in rrc “kurchatov institute”production of stable isotopes in rrc...

Production of stable isotopes in RRC “Kurchatov Institute”

G.Yu.Grigoriev

Institute of molecular physicsRRC “Kurchatov Institute”

[email protected]


PlasmaICR method

Optical methods(AVLIS)(MLIS)

Photochemistry

Gas centrifuges

Physical Chemical(rectification,

chemical exchange)

Electro-magnetic method

Zr

Hg

LrNoMdFmEsCfBkCmAmPuNpUPaThAc

LuYbTmErHoDyTbGd

EuSmPmNdPrCeLa

118(117)116(115)114(113)112111110MtHsBhSgDbRfAcRaFr

RnAtPoBiPbTlAuPtIrOsReWTaHfLaBaCs

XeITeSbSnInCdAgPdRhRuTcMoNbYSrRb

KrBrSeAsGeGaZnCuNiCoFeMnCrVTiScCaK

ArClSPSiAlMgNaNeFONCBBeLiHeH

http://159.93.28.88/linkc/isotopes/es.htmlhttp://159.93.28.88/linkc/isotopes/am.htmlhttp://159.93.28.88/linkc/isotopes/pu.htmlhttp://159.93.28.88/linkc/isotopes/np.htmlhttp://159.93.28.88/linkc/isotopes/u.htmlhttp://159.93.28.88/linkc/isotopes/pa.htmlhttp://159.93.28.88/linkc/isotopes/th.htmlhttp://159.93.28.88/linkc/isotopes/ac.htmlhttp://159.93.28.88/linkc/isotopes/tb.htmlhttp://159.93.28.88/linkc/isotopes/eu.htmlhttp://159.93.28.88/linkc/isotopes/pm.htmlhttp://159.93.28.88/linkc/isotopes/nd.htmlhttp://159.93.28.88/linkc/isotopes/pr.htmlhttp://159.93.28.88/linkc/isotopes/la.html


ECP, ZelenogorskSCP, Seversk

UCP, Novouralsk

EChPr, Lesnoi, EM

ECP, Nizhniy Novgorod

Sarov

Moscow, RRC “Kurchatov Institute”

ECP, St.Petersburg

ELP, Angarsk

Location of main producers of stable isotopes in Russia


All technologies are presentedAll technologies are presentedin RRC “in RRC “KurchatovKurchatov Institute”Institute”


EM isotopesEM isotopes

EM separator is installed in EM separator is installed in Institute of Nuclear FusionInstitute of Nuclear Fusion

Main products: Main products: TlTl--203, Zn203, Zn--68, Pd68, Pd--102, Yb102, Yb--168168

RL RH

magnetic field

Ionsource Light - Heavy


Gas centrifuge diagram

Pumping

FeedHeavy fraction

Light fraction

Feeding point

Rotor

Motor drive

Casing

Diaphragm

Upperscoop

Lowerscoop

Magneticsuspension

Lower bearing

Centrifuge separationCentrifuge separation


Centrifuge cascade of IMP RRC KICentrifuge cascade of IMP RRC KI


Xe, KrSn(CH3)4Pb(CH3)4Cd(CH3)2Zn(CH3)2

OsO4Fe(CO3)5CO2

SiF4, SF6, GeF4, SeF6, TeF6, MoF6, IrF6,WF6 CrO2F2, POF3, Ni(PF3)4,

Rare gasesMetal organics

Oxides,Carbonyls

Fluorides, oxyfluorides,chlorideschlorides

TiClTiCl44SiClSiCl33H, GeClH, GeCl44 Ga(CHGa(CH33))33

Volatile compounds for centrifuge separationVolatile compounds for centrifuge separation


Collector

Deflec

tor

IonIonizationthreshold

Crucible

AVLIS AVLIS –– atom vapor laser isotope separationatom vapor laser isotope separation

ИМФProduction of stable isotopes in RRC “Kurchatov Institute”

AVLISAVLIS

CVL CVL –– copper vapor laserscopper vapor lasers


AVLISAVLIS

Single mode dye laser Single mode dye laser

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Con

cent

ratio

n of

Nd

-150

, Cp

%

– Concentration in mass-meter – Collector in separation chamber – Natural content

Spectral width 1,5 GHz

Spectral width 150 MHz

Spectral width


MCIRI isotope separation systemMCIRI isotope separation system


Plasma ICR installation “Plasma ICR installation “SirenaSirena” for Lithium isotopes separation” for Lithium isotopes separation


Laser installation forLaser installation for CC--1313 productionproduction


Production of carbon isotopes by means of cryogenic rectificatioProduction of carbon isotopes by means of cryogenic rectificationn


PhotoPhoto--chemical separation of Mercury isotopeschemical separation of Mercury isotopes

Hg+hν(253.7nm) → Hg* + O2 → HgO2* + C4H6 →HgO + hydrocarbons oxides

30

20

15

10

5

0

204

201à199à

202

200

201b

198

196

199b

201c

25

-353-350-329 -177 0 +138 +160 +297 +385+390

For today even isotopesHg-196, Hg-198, Hg-200, Hg-200

have been produced.Hg-199, Hg-201, Hg-204are under investigating.


Application of stable isotopesApplication of stable isotopesNuclear energy

10B, 157Gd, 64Zn (depleted), 15N

Nuclear PhysicsNuclear Physics136136Xe, Xe, 150150Nd, Nd, 7676Ge, Ge, 116116Cd, Cd, 5050Cr …Cr …

4848CaCa

MedicineMedicine, , biologybiology, , ecologyecologyDiagnostics Diagnostics ((1313С, С, 1818О,О,1717О, О, 129129Хе), Хе), isotope labelsisotope labels

Targets for r/a isotopes productionTargets for r/a isotopes production

Semiconductor electronics, solid state physicsSemiconductor electronics, solid state physicsSiSi, , GeGe, , GaGa


Separation technology for specific isotopesSeparation technology for specific isotopes

50Cr76Ge82Se

100Mo116Cd130Te136Xe96Zr

150Nd

MethodIsotope

Centrifuge

AVLIS, ICR


The problem of raw material for The problem of raw material for isotope productionisotope production

World production of natural Xenon ~ 30,000 kgWorld production (including refinery) of natural Germanium ~ 30,000 kgCd(CH3)2 is expensive compound

As of March 31, 2003, the NDS inventory ofgermanium metal was 41,460 kg— all of which has been authorized for sale.

Total world stockpile ~ 60,000 kg


The major end uses for germanium

polymerization catalysts 35% infrared optics 25% fiber-optic systems 20% electronics/solar electrical applications 12%other (phosphors, metallurgy, and chemotherapy) 8%

45% of consumption in chemical form of GeCl4


Xe, KrSn(CH3)4Pb(CH3)4Cd(CH3)2Zn(CH3)2

OsO4Fe(CO3)5CO2

SiF4, SF6, GeF4, SeF6, TeF6, MoF6, IrF6,WF6 CrO2F2, POF3, Ni(PF3)4,

Rare gasesMetal organics

Oxides,Carbonyls

Fluorides, oxyfluorides,chlorideschlorides

TiClTiCl44SiClSiCl33H, GeClH, GeCl44 Ga(CHGa(CH33))33

Volatile compounds for centrifuge separationVolatile compounds for centrifuge separation

GeCl4 can be used as working material for 76Ge extraction !!!


Mass distribution in GeCl4

0,030,3401,5923,2532,519% (76)

10,72400,48100,27200,10300000Ge-76

00,27600,48900,62200,6300,43000Ge-74

0010101010100Ge-73

0000,0300,10100,2300,41800,5080Ge-72

000000,00600,03700,15200,4921Ge-70

0,030,470,033,310,3412,051,5924,463,2727,662,5317,586,68C (%)

224222221220219218217216215214213212210M

Mass distribution in GeF4

7.7636.547.7627.4320.51C (%)

152150149148146M


Main material in Germanium technology.Low extraction efficiency. No problem with waste material.

There is no material on the market. Additional step –synthesis of GeF4, which increases cost of raw material. After separation work material must be converted back to the oxide or metal and must be purified.Good extraction efficiency.Lower separation work.

GeCl4 GeF4

One important thing – in case of fluoride additional concentration of heavy impurities (UF6) can take place.


Production of 500-1000 gram of Ge-76 based on GeCl4 can answer on main question “How most cost effective to produce necessary big amount of Ge-76?”


Thank you for your attention

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