Compaction Characteristics of soil ASTM d-1557

PROCTOR COMPACTION TEST

Prepared by: Khashayar

• These test methods used to determine the relationship between water content and dry unit weight of soils.

• Equipment:– 4-in molds – 6-in molds – Hammer– Balance – Drying oven– Sieves - ¾ in, ⅜ in, and No. 4– Container

• METHOD A– Mold—4-in. – Passing No. 4 – Layers—Five– Blows per layer—25.– Use if 20 % or less by mass of the is retained on

the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.

METHODS OF THE TEST

• Method B:– Mold—4-in.– Material—Passing ⅜-in .– Layers—Five.– Blows per layer—25.

• Use-Shall be used if more than 20 % by mass of the material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve and 20 % or less by mass of the material is retained on the 3/8-in.(9.5-mm) sieve.

METHOD B

• METHOD C• Mold—6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter.• Material—Passing ¾-in. Layers—Five.• Blows per layer—56.• Use—Shall be used if more than 20 % by mass

of the material is retained on the 3/8-in. (9.53-mm) sieve and less than 30 % by mass of the material is retained on the3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.

METHOD C

• Average inside diameter: 4.000 ± 0.016-in. (101.6 ± 0.4-mm)

• Height: 4.584 ± 0.018 in. (116.4 ± 0.5 mm) • Volume: 0.0333 ± 0.0005 ft3 (944 ± 14

cm3).

4-in MOLD

• Average inside diameter 6.000 ± 0.026 in.(152.4 ± 0.7 mm)

• Height of 4.584 ± 0.018 in. (116.4 ± 0.5 mm),

• Volume of 0.075 ± 0.0009ft3(2124 ± 25 cm3).

6-in MOLD

• Two kind of Rammers 1. Manual Rammer 2. Mechanical Rammer

• Manual rammer– The rammer shall fall freely through a distance of 18 ± 0.05 in.

(457.2 ± 1.3 mm) from the surface of the specimen. – The rammer shall fall freely through a distance of 18 ± 0.05 in.

(457.2 ± 1.3 mm) from the surface of the specimen. – Weight 10 ± 0.02 lbm (4.54 ± 0.01 kg). – The striking face of the rammer shall be planar and circular, with a

diameter when new of 2.000 ± 0.005 in. (50.80 ± 0.13 mm). – The rammer shall be replaced if the striking face be

comes worn or bellied to the extent that the diameter exceeds 2.000 ± 0.01 in. (50.80 ± 0.25 mm).

• Mechanical rammer– Shall operate such manner to provide uniform and complete

coverage of specimens

RAMMER

• Molds– Determine the volume.– Balance the mold

• Manual rammer– The free fall distance– Rammer mass– Rammer face

CALIBRATION

• Don’t reuse the soil• Soil should be dry• 2.3 kg of sieved soil indeed for Methods.com A and B• 5.9 kg ~ 6 kg of soil for Method C• If the soil is wet reduce the water content of soil by air drying

• Pass the material from No.4, ⅜-in or ¾-in sieves.• Compact each layer with 25 blows for the 4-in mold or with 56

blows for the 6-in mold.

PROCEDURE:SOIL:

• After compacting remove the upper part of the mold • Using a knife scrape the soil on the mold and fill the

holes occurred form scraping• After scrape weight the mold and soil. • Weight the empty container.• Take a sample of soil in a container for water

content.• Weight the container and wet soil• Place the container in oven for 24h in 110 °C.• At the end weight the dry soil and container.

• ρm=moist density of compacted specimen, Mg/m• Mt = mass of moist specimen and mold, kg,• Md = mass of compaction mold, kg, and• V = volume of compaction mold, m3

• ρd = dry density of compacted specimen, Mg/m3• w = water content,%

CALCULATION

• yd = dry unit weight of compacted specimen.

• Wsat = water content for complete saturation, %,• yw = unit weight of water, 62.32 lbf/ft3(9.789 KN/m3)at

20°C,• yd = dry unit weight of soil, lbf/ft. (KN/m3), and• Gs = specific gravity of soil.

• These test methods used to determine the relationship between water content and dry unit weight of soils.

• These test methods apply only to soils (materials) that have 30 % or less by mass of particles retained on the 3/4-in.

• (19.0-mm) sieve.• EQUIPMENT:

– 4-in (101.6)– 6-in. (152.4-mm) – rammer weight 5.5-lbf (24.4-N) height of 12 in. (305 mm)

PROCTOR ASTM D-698

• Method A:• Mold—4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.• Material—Passing No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.• Layers—Three.• Blows per layer—25.• Use—May be used if 20 % or less by mass of the• material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.

TEST METHODS

• Mold—4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.• Material—Passing 3/8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.• Layers—Three.• Blows per layer—25.• Use—Shall be used if more than 20 % by mass of the

material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve and 20% or less by mass of the material is retained on the3/8-in.(9.5-mm) sieve.

METHOD B

• Mold—6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter.• Material—Passing3/4-inch (19.0-mm) sieve.• Layers—Three.• Blows per layer—56.• Use—Shall be used if more than 20 % by mass of the

material is retained on the/8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve and less than 30 % by mass of the material is retained on the 3/4in.(19.0-mm) sieve.

METHOD C

• A mold having a 4.000 ± 0.016-in. (101.6 ± 0.4-mm) average inside diameter, a height of 4.584 ± 0.018 in. (116.4 ± 0.5 mm) and a volume of 0.0333 ± 0.0005 ft3 (944 ± 14 cm3)

MOLD 4-in

• A mold having a 6.000 ± 0.026-in.(152.4 ± 6 0.7-mm) average inside diameter, a height of 4.584 ± 0.018 in. (116.4 ± 0.5 mm), and a volume of 0.075 ± 0.0009 ft3 e1(2124 ± 25 cm3).

MOLD 6-in

• There is two kind of Rammers , manually or mechanically

• Height of rammer 12 ± 0.05 in. (304.8 6 1.3 mm) • The mass of the rammer shall be 5.5 ± 0.02 lbm (2.5

± 0.01 kg), • The striking face of the rammer shall be planar and

circular,• with a diameter when new of 2.000 ± 0.005 in. (50.80

± 0.13 mm).

RAMMER

PROCEDURE• Don’t reuse the soil• Soil should be dry• 2.3 kg of sieved soil indeed for Methods.com A and B• 5.9 kg ~ 6 kg of soil for Method C• If the soil is wet reduce the water content of soil by air drying• Pass the material from No.4, ⅜-in or ¾-in sieves.• Compact each layer with 25 blows for the 4-in mold or with 56 blows for the

6-in mold.

• After compacting remove the upper part of the mold • Using a knife scrape the soil on the mold and fill the holes occurred form

scraping• After scrape weight the mold and soil. • Weight the empty container.• Take a sample of soil in a container for water content.• Weight the container and wet soil• Place the container in oven for 24h in 110 °C.• At the end weight the dry soil and container.