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Luuk van der Wielen (and dr. Marcel O3ens) Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences Process integra-on for 1,3 PDO produc-on Flowshee(ng

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Page 1: Process’integraon ’for1,3PDO produc-on’delftxdownloads.tudelft.nl/TBP01x-BiobasedProducts/Week5/TBP01x-5... · Process’integraon ’for1,3PDO produc-on ... $Aspen$Plus:$process$plantengineering$tool$

Luuk  van  der  Wielen  (and  dr.  Marcel  O3ens)    Department  of  Biotechnology,  Faculty  of  Applied  Sciences  

Process  integra-on  for  1,3  PDO  produc-on  

Flowshee(ng  

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Op-on  1:  close  to  reality  -­‐  US  7919  658  (2011)  

[A]  cell  removal  

[B]  protein  removal  

[C]  inorganics  removal  

[D]  water  removal  

[E]  organics  removal  

MARKET  

FERMENTER  

Gen

eral  PDO

 step

s  

[A]  Membranes  (microfiltraOon)  

[B]  Membranes  (ultrafiltraOon)  

[C]  Ion  exchange  (sorpOon)  

EvaporaOon  (energy  integraOon)  

DisOllaOon  (energy  integraOon)  

MARKET  

US  7919  658  (2

011)  

FERMENTER  

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Comparing  conceptual  op-ons  

[A]  cell  removal  

[B]  protein  removal  

[C]  inorganics  removal  

[D]  water  removal  

[E]  organics  removal  

MARKET  

FERMENTER  

Gen

eral  PDO

 step

s  

Membranes  (microfiltraOon)  

Membranes  (ultrafiltraOon)  

Ion  exclusion  (sorpOon)  

EvaporaOon  (energy  integraOon)  

-­‐-­‐-­‐  

MARKET  

US  6  479  716  (2002)

FERMENTER  

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Full  defini-on  of  a  process  

2. Stream table

Gives  stream  composiOon,  size,  condiOons  (T,P)  and      other  derivaOve  properOes  (eg.  enthalpy)  

1. Flowsheet

Shows  order  of  equipment,  connecOng  streams,  and  condiOons  (T,P)  of  streams  

3. Cycle diagram

Indicates  when  each  unit  is  acOve  in  batch  or  hybrid  process  

This  informaOon  allows  techno-­‐economic  analysis  of  a  process,    and  calculaOon  of  its  environmental  footprint  through  life  cycle  analysis  

Not  required  for  our  conOnuous  PDO  

process  

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From  block  scheme  to  flowsheet  1.   Draw  from  leW  (in)  to  right  (out),  avoid  crossing  lines  2.   Group  in  secOons  (in  hundreds:  e.g.  UPS-­‐100,  Ferm-­‐200,  DSP-­‐300)  3.   Number  all  streams  (per  secOon:  e.g.  101,  102,  ….)  4.   Replace  unit  blocks  by  appropriate  icons  (soWware  library)  5.   Specify  condiOons  (composiOons,  T,  P)  6.   Set  an  iniOal  cycle  diagram  for  batch  and  hybrid  processes  7.   Solve  all  mass  and  energy  balances  8.   Evaluate  results  by  techno-­‐economic-­‐emission  analysis  9.   Repeat  steps  1-­‐8  to  opOmize  

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Example:  extrac-on,  crystallisa-on  and  solids  recovery  

cool  crystallizer  

crystal  slurry  

crystal  product  

centrifuge  solvent    make-­‐up  

waste  

extractor  

feed  

recycle  stream  

cool  crystallizer  extractor   centrifuge  

solvent    make-­‐up   waste  

crystal  product  

feed  

recycle  stream  

Let’s  convert  this  back  to  a  block  scheme  to  observe  how  streams  are  modified  

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1.  Split  factors  •  The  split  factor  α  indicates  how  a  stream  is  divided  •  Flow  of  compound  k  from  unit  i  to  unit  j        =    flow  in  unit  i        x        α  •  Example:  the  extractor  (unit  I)  

recycle  stream  from  centrifuge  

to  unit  II  

waste  stream  

feed  streams  to  process  

extractor  

α12k  

Split  factor  of  compound  k  from  unit  I  to  II  

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Split  factor  scheme  recycle  stream  

waste  stream  

cool  crystallizer  extractor   centrifuge  

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2.  “Conversions”  •  Conversion  of  species  k  into  species  q  through  chemical  reacOon  •  AlternaOvely,  species  k  is  converted  to  a  different  phase  •  Below:  A  is  converted  to  P  (crystal  product)  

cool  crystallizer  

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•  In  matrix  form:  [A]  *  m  =  B  

 Can  be  solved  with  g’s  and  α’s  known:  m  =  [A]-­‐1  *  B    

Mathema-cs  (for  constant  split  factors)  •  Equa-ons  for    ‘A’  per  opera-on  

           Out  =    In    +  Produc-on    unit  I  (extractor):    m1A  =      α31Am3A  +  g1A  +  g7A    unit  II  (crystallizer):  m2A  =      α12Am1A  

 unit  III  (centrifuge):  m3A  =      α23Am2A    

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Another  example:  glycine  crystallisa-on  solvent  make-­‐up  

dis-lla-on  

waste  

centrifuge  

glycine  crystal  product  

saturated  amino  acid  feed   crystal  

slurry  

solvent  recycle  

crystallizer  

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Specifica-ons    •  Glycine  crystal  producOon:  2000  ton/year  •  Feed  composiOons:      x[0..3]  =  [x0sat,    0,    1-­‐x0sat,    0]  

     0:  glycine    1:  glycine  crystals    2:  water  3:  ethanol          •  Recovery  >  95%  •  Solvent  loss  <1%  •  Negligible  volaOle  contaminants  •  ‘Salt’  content  sufficiently  high  to  prevent  azeotrope  •  No  solvent  with  crystals  

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•  Solubility  relaOon  of  glycine  in  water  and  ethanol  is  logarithmic  •  Non-­‐linear,  thus  more  difficult  to  solve  •  Split  factors  are  not  constant  

 

 …  use  flowsheeOng  soWware  to  simulate  a  process  

In  reality,  not  all  constants  are  constant    

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Standard  today:  flowshee-ng  sofware  

Intelligen    SuperProDesigner:  bio-­‐specific  flowsheeOng  tool  

 AspenTech  

 Aspen  Plus:  process  plant  engineering  tool    Speedup:  dynamic  simulaOons  

 Process  Systems  Enterprises  

 gPROMS:  dynamic  simulaOons  

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The  crystalliza-on  process  redrawn  in  SPD  

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Flowsheet  for  1,3  PDO  Sec-on  structure  

FermentaOon  secOon    100  

ClarificaOon  secOon    200  

PurificaOon  secOon  300  

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Flowsheet  for  1,3  PDO  Fermenta-on  sec-on  -­‐  100  

               

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From  the  fermenter  

To  the  purifica-on  sec-on  

Water  recycle  from  evapora-on  

Flowsheet  for  1,3  PDO  Clarifica-on  sec-on  -­‐  200  

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Water  recycle  to  microfiltra-on  

From  clarifica-on  

Flowsheet  for  1,3  PDO  Purifica-on  sec-on  –  300    

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The  full  1,3PDO  process  

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Good  luck  with  the  PDO  case!