• Process Control

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Productivity improving technologies (historical) - Automation, process control and servomechanisms

1 The earliest applications of process control were mechanisms that

adjusted the gap between mill stones for grinding grain and for keeping

windmills facing into the wind

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Productivity improving technologies (historical) - Automation, process control and servomechanisms

1 Process control is the usual form of automation that allows industrial

operations like oil refineries, steam plants generating electricity or paper

mills to be run with a minimum of manpower, usually from a number of

control rooms.

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OBASHI - DCS - CAD in Process control

1 The Oil & Gas, Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Power Generation, Water, Food and Beverage, Cement,

Steelmaking and Paper industries have relied on Distributed Control

Systems (DCS) to manage and control their Manufacturing and

Process Control systems.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance - Process control

1 NMR has now entered the arena of real-time process control and process

optimization in oil refineries and petrochemical plants

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Annunciator panel - Process control

1 In industrial process control, an annunciator panel is a system to

alert operators of alarm conditions in the plant

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Process control

1 'Process control' is an engineering discipline that deals with Process

architecture|architectures, Mechanism (technology)|

mechanisms and algorithms for maintaining the output of a specific process (engineering)|process within

a desired range.

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Process control

1 Process control is extensively used in industry and enables mass

production of continuous processes such as oil refining, paper

manufacturing, chemicals, power plants and many other industries.

Process control enables automation, with which a small staff of operating

personnel can operate a complex process from a central control room.

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Process control - Background

1 Process control may either use feedback or it may be open loop. Control may also be continuous

(automobile cruise control) or cause a sequence of discreet events, such

as a timer on a lawn sprinkler (on/off) or controls on an elevator (logical

sequence).

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Process control - Types of processes using process control

1 *Discrete – Found in many manufacturing, motion and

packaging applications. Robotic assembly, such as that found in automotive production, can be

characterized as discrete process control. Most discrete manufacturing involves the production of discrete pieces of product, such as metal

stamping.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-process-control-toolkit.html

Process control - Types of processes using process control

1 *Continuous – Often, a physical system is represented through variables that are smooth and uninterrupted in time. The

control of the water temperature in a heating jacket, for example, is an example of

continuous process control. Some important continuous processes are the production of fuels, chemicals and plastics. Continuous processes in manufacturing are used to

produce very large quantities of product per year (millions to billions of pounds).

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Process control - Types of processes using process control

1 Applications having elements of discrete, batch and continuous process control are often called

hybrid applications.

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OLE for process control

1 'OLE for Process Control' (OPC), which stands for Object Linking and

Embedding (OLE) for Process Control, is the original name for a standardization|

standards specification developed in 1996 by an industrial automation industry

task force. The standard specifies the communication of Real-time computing|

real-time plant data between control devices from different manufacturers.

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OLE for process control

1 http://www.opcfoundation.org/Default.aspx/01_about/01_whatis.asp

The change in name reflects the applications of OPC technology for

applications in Process Control, discrete manufacturing, building

automation, and many others

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OLE for process control - Origin and uses

1 The specification defined a standard set of Object (computer science)|

objects, Interface (computer science)|interfaces and Method

(computer science)|methods for use in process control and manufacturing automation applications to facilitate

interoperability

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OLE for process control - Design

1 OPC was designed to provide a common bridge for Windows based software applications and process

control hardware

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OLE for process control - Design

1 OPC servers provide a method for many different software packages (so long as it is an

OPC Client) to access data from a process control device, such as a Programmable logic controller|PLC or Distributed control system|

DCS. Traditionally, any time a package needed access to data from a device, a custom

interface, or driver, had to be written. The purpose of OPC is to define a common interface

that is written once and then reused by any business, SCADA, Human-Machine Interface|

HMI,

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OLE for process control - Design

1 There is nothing in the OPC specifications to restrict the server to providing access to a process control device. OPC Servers can be written

for anything from getting the internal temperature of a microprocessor to

the current temperature in Monument Valley.

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Statistical process control

1 ' Statistical process control (SPC)' is a method of quality control

which uses statistics|statistical methods

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Process control block

1 'Process Control Block' (PCB, also called 'Task Controlling Block', 'Task Struct', or 'Switchframe') is a data structure in the operating system Kernel (computer science)|kernel

containing the information needed to manage a particular process. The

PCB is the manifestation of a process in an operating system. pages 57-58

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Process control block - Structure

1 Process control information is used by the OS to manage the process itself. This includes:

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Chemical plant - Process control

1 Process control with a computer

represents more modern technology

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Process control monitoring

1 In the application of integrated circuits, 'process control monitoring' (PCM) is the procedure followed to

obtain detailed information about the process used.

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Process Window Index - Statistical process control

1 Manufacturing industry has developed customized specification limits known as

Process Windows. Within this process window, values are plotted. The values

relative to the process mean of the window are known as the Process Window Index. By

using PWI values, processes can be accurately measured, analyzed, compared, and tracked at the same level of statistical

process control and quality control available to other manufacturing processes.

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Process control network

1 However, Process Control Networks (PCNs)have several special

requirements that must be met in order for the solution to be acceptable to the industry

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Process control network

1 Modern process control networks rely on Ethernet, TCP/IP, and Microsoft

Windows technology.http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/Good%20Practices%20Guide

%20for%20Firewall%20Deployment.pdf

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