Proceedings of the1997 International Conference on Incineration and

Thermal Treatment Technologies

Oakland, California U.S.A.

Lori B. CohenConference Coordinator

University of California, Irvine

John McFeeTechnical Chairman

IT Corporation

Joyce FeldmanTechnical Vice-Chairman

Environmental Consultant

James G. TripodesOversight Chairman

University of California, Irvine

Sponsored byAir & Waste Management Association (AWMA)

American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AICHE)American Nuclear Society (ANS)

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)Coalition for Responsible Waste Incineration (CRWI)

Health Physics Society (HPS)Institution of Mechanical Engineers (United Kingdom)United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

United States Department of Energy (DOE)

UB/TIB Hannover 89116 235 705

TOC

Table ofContents

SESSION I—PLENARYChair: Melvin Keener, Coalition for Responsible Waste Incineration (CRWI)Cochair: Alfred Sigg, Von Roll (Ohio), Inc.

European Trends in the Thermal Treatment of Solid Wastes 1Kevin J. Whiting, Independent Consultant (UK); F.J. Schwager, Juniper Consultancy Services Ltd.

The Global Climate for Incineration and Thermal Treatment How Will it Affect Your Future? 5Kenji Kakeda, Hitachi Zosen Co.

SESSION 2—REMEDIATION/OPERATING EXPERIENCEChair: H. Nugent Myrick, SARP IndustriesCochair: Kevin Smith, IT Corporation

Incineration Plant for Liquid and Gaseous Chlorinated Wastes 15H.H. Ertl, Hoechst AG

Utilizing Rotary Kiln Technology for Processing Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge and Rejects from the Pulping Processin the Secondary Fiber Paper Industry 19Tom Van Remmen, Andersen 2000 Inc.

Twenty Years of Site Remediation via Incineration in the United States 23Prakash Acharya, OHM Remediation Services Corporation; Charles Pfrommer, IT Corporation

Performance of Thermal Treatment Systems at Environmental Restoration & Remedial Action Sites 31Frank W. Swetits, Levine*Fricke*Recon Inc.; Paul Bracegirdle, R3 Technologies Inc.

Innovative Method of Thermally Destroying Hazardous Waste 37Bassam Mekari, GDC Enviro-Solutions, Inc.

Mobile Incinerator for Site Decontamination 43Giuliano Porcari and John A. Falcon, S.I.P.S.A. Engineering; Mario Bertuzzi, AMBIENTE S.p.A.

SESSION 3—RISK MANAGEMENTChair: Carl Daly, U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyCochair: Elisabeth Poncelet, ADEME-AngersCooperative Environmentalism — "A New Synergy for Managing Risk" A Case Study of Risk Management Involvingthe WTI Hazardous Waste Incinerator in East Liverpool, Ohio 47Edward J. Sowinski, EHMS Inc.; Alfred Sigg, Von Roll (Ohio) Inc.; Daniel J. Zorbini, NOVAA

Traditional vs. Risk-Based Permitting Approach: Permit to Manage Risks 55David A. Weeks, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

MSW Incinerator Siting: Experiences in Italy 59Ermanno Barni and Girolamo Beone, ENEA c.r. Casaccia

The Public Outreach and Administrative Permitting Experience to Site a Chemical Weapons Demilitarization-IncinerationFacility in Oregon 63Sue Oliver and Fredrick N. Moore, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality

Comparative Assessment of Estimated vs. Actual Emissions and Associated Health Risks from a Modern Municipal Waste-to-Energy Facility 69Kathryn E. Kelly, Delta Toxicology, Inc.; PhilH. Williams, City of Spokane

SESSION 4—PLASMA TECHNOLOGIESChair: Ralph Koenig, Merlin CompanyCochair: Robert Gillins, Science Applications International Corporation

Navy Shipboard Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System (PAWDS) Baseline Conceptual Design 75Roy V. Richard, Eugene Keating and John Dentler, Geo-Centers Inc.; Jon W. Cofield, Eugene E. Nolting, MarkJ. Pechulis, David A. Shifter, Douglas S. Vaughters and Catherine Wong, Naval Surface Warfare Center

Slag Characterization Results from the Plasma Hearth Process Radioactive Bench-Scale Test Program 83Kevin P. Carney, Frank S. Felicione and Carla C. Dwight, Argonne National Laboratory - West

Offgas Measurements in the Plasma Hearth Process Radioactive Bench-Scale System 89Garth R. Hassel, Steven D. Poling and Kelly J. Rebish, Science Applications International Corporation

Startup and Testing of the Plasma Hearth Process Full-Scale Pilot Plant 93James A. Batdorf, Ray Geimer and Joy M. Wilson, Science Applications International Corporation

Slag Formation From Navy Solid Waste with a Plasma Arc Torch Destruction System 101Steven H. Peterson and David A. Counts, Geo-Centers, Inc.; Qingyuan Han, University of Minnesota; Bruce D.Sartwell, Naval Research Laboratory; Inna Talmy, James Zaykowski and Curtis A. Martin, Naval SurfaceWarfare Center

Application of Plasma Technology for the Treatment of Mixed Wastes 105Kirk McKinley and Ed Brown, Lockheed Martin Advanced Environmental Systems

The Interstate Technology and Regulatory Work Group Hope to Provide a Pathway for States Faced with Regulatory IssuesRelated to Plasma for the First Time I l lTerry Escarda, California Department of Toxic Substances Control; Robert Hanson, Coleman ResearchCorporation

SESSION 5—MAXIMUM ACHIEVABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES (MACT) RULE:HAZARDOUS/MEDICAL WASTEChair: Melvin Keener, Coalition for Responsible Waste Incineration (CRWI)

The HWC MACT Rule: What Does it Mean to Me? 115Robert J. Tidona, Energy Performance Services; S. Heather McHale, RMT/Four Nines

The Impact of the Proposed MACT Standards on Captive Incinerators 119Lisa Douglas, DRE Technologies, Inc.; Ron Copeland and Derrell Young, Fina Chemical Company

Corporate Approach to MACT Compliance by a Major Commercial Hazardous Waste Incinerator Operator 123C.R. Ullrich, Rollins Environmental Inc.; J.V. Mehta, Rollins Environmental Inc./ENCOTEC

Medical Waste Incineration: Innovative Strategies for MACT Compliance 129Joseph L Tessitore, Patricia Kay Rykowski, Siva N. Prasad Paladugu, Harding Lawson Associates

Summary of Changes to the Proposed NSPS and Emission Guidelines for New and Existing Medical Waste Incinerators 135Katie Hanks and Brian Strong, Midwest Research Institute; Richard Copland, U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency

Compliance Assurance Monitoring Rule — Status of Final Rulemaking 141Peter R. Westlin, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; William W. Balcke, Perrin Quarles Associates, Inc.

SESSION 6—GASIFICATIONChair: Kevin J. Whiting, Independent ConsultantCochair: Mark Swientoniewski, Bechtel Environmental Inc.

Gasification of Waste Materials in Grate System 145M. Bechmann, C. Wiese and M. Davidovic, Clausthaler Umwelttechnik-Institut GmbH; R. Scholz, InstitutfUrEnergievetfahrenstechnik und Brennstofftechnik der TU Clausthal

Gasification of Sewage Sludge — A Sustainable Disposal Option 153Kevin J. Whiting, Independent Consultant

The Study of PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) Gasification by Plasma Energy 157Hyun-Seo Park, Hwan-No Lee, Kyu-Il Ji, Seok-Wan Kim, Seung-Hyun Lee, Hyung-Jin Kim, Duk-Chul Shin,Jong-Soo Jung, Samsung Heavy Industries Co. Ltd.

The Noell Conversion Process for the Environmentally Friendly Treatment of Residual Waste 161Y. Leipnitz, Heinz Lorson, Manfred Schingnitz, Noell-KRC Energie-und Umwelttechnik GmbH

Thermolysis of Waste by the Softer® Process — An Ecological Solution 169Katja Auffret, Nexus Technologies

SESSION 7A—PART I: RADIOACTIVE/MIXED WASTE OFFGAS SYSTEMSChair: Heather H Burns, Westinghouse Savannah River Co.Cochair: Rolf Hesbol, Studsvik Radwaste AB

Separation and Quantification of the Particle Removal Mechanisms in the Ionizing Wet Scrubber 175Vince Adams, U.S. DOE; Wayne T. Davis, University ofTN; Thomas C. Morse, Precision Combustion Inc.;Sunil Abraham, Department of Environmental Quality; Jim E. Dunn, Lockheed Martin Energy Systems

Lessons Learned from Start-up Testing of a Mixed Waste Incinerator 181H. Holmes Burns and D.B. Burns, Westinghouse Savannah River Co.

Air Pollution Control System Testing at the DOE Offgas Components Test Facility 185Dan B. Burns, Don Speed, William VanPelt and Heather Holmes Burns, Westinghouse Savannah River Co.

Investigation of Water Accumulation in an Offgas Test Facility HEPA Housing 189Donald L Speed, Albert Wong and Dan B. Burns, Westinghouse Savannah River Co.

SESSION 7B—RADIOLOGICAL WASTEChair: David Dalton, Science Applications International CorporationCochair: Josef Neubauer, Austrian Research Centre

Melt Decontamination of Radioactively Contaminated Stainless Steel using Flux Reactions in Electroslag Remelting 195J.M.R. Buckentin, M.E. Schlienger, G.J. Shelmedine and B.K. Damkroger, Sandia National Laboratories

First Operation Experience of the Cilva Incinerator for Radioactive Waste Treatment 203Jan Deckers and Paul Luycx, Belgoprocess

Incineration of Ion-excchange Resins by Using Powder Metal Fuel: Thermodynamic Approach 207Vadim V. Kropochev, Michael I. Ojovan and Igor A. Sobolev, Scientific and Industrial Association "Radon"

VII

SESSION 8—INNOVATIVE CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING SYSTEMSChair: David W. Hahn, Sandia National LaboratoriesCochair: Nina Bergan French, Sky +DLR Jet-Rempi as a Continuous Emissions Monitor: Measurements of Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins 213H. Oser, R. Thanner and H.-H Grotheer, Institute of Physical Chemistry of Combustion; B.K. Gullett, U.S.Environmental Protection Agency; N. Bergan French, Sky +; D. Natschke, Acurex Environmental Corporation

The Application of Tunable Diode Lasers as a Fast-Response System to Measure Transient Emissions from Rotary Kilns 221P.M. Lemieux and C.A. Miller, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; S. W. Allendorf, D.K. Ottesen and C.R.Shaddix, Sandia National Laboratories; A. Touati, Acurex Environmental Corp.

A Continuous Calibration Procedure for Reliable Libs Monitoring of Metals 227Gary W. Loge, Laser Diagnostics, L.L.C.

An Argon Plasma Based Continuous Emissions Monitor for Hazardous Air Pollutant Metals 231Gerhard A. Meyer, Thermo Jarrell Ash Corporation; Michael Seltzer, Naval Air Warfare Center

Application of Laser-Spark Spectroscopy for Continuous Metal Emissions Monitoring in Thermal Treatment ProcessWastestreams 235David W. Hahn, Kenneth R. Hencken and Howard A. Johnsen, Sandia National Laboratories

Laboratory Investigation of the Real-Time Heuristic Prediction of Hydrocarbon Emissions 239Robert G. Barton, Michael Raile, David McCampbell and Charles Holt, Midwest Research Institute; MicheleVanDyne, IntelliDyne

Diagnostic Measurements on the WSRC Transportable Vitrification System 245Robert L. Cook, C.B. Winstead, W. Wang, P.R. Jang, D.L Monts, R.A. Green, O.P. Norton, W. Okhuysen, J.P.Singh, F.Y. Yueh, W.S. Shepard, C. Zhou, J.S. Lindner, Mississippi State University; J.C. Whitehouse and S.R.Young, Westinghouse Savannah River Co.

SESSION 9—VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDSChair: Steven G. DeCicco, Thermatrix, Inc.

Upgrading VOC Thermal Oxidizers 253Richard L Kratz, RMT/Four Nines

Regenerative Thermal Oxidation (RTO) Technology to Meet VOC/HAPS Emissions Requirements —BACT and MACT/LAER 259Joseph J. Seiwert, Jr., Smith Environmental Corp.

Flameless Thermal Oxidation of Chlorinated and Fluorinated VOCs 263Steven G. DeCicco, Thermatrix, Inc.

Permanent Total Enclosures for VOC Emission Control at a RCRA Transfer and Storage Facility 269Stephen L. Davidson and Glenn F. Rozmus, Rollins Environmental Services; Jitendra Mehta, LaidlawEnvironmental Services, IncJENCOTEC

Safety in Fume Incinerators 273Rakesh Gupta, Raytheon Engineers & Constructors

Development of a Model for Predicting Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer (RTO) Performance 279Joseph M. Klobucar, DiXrr Environmental, Inc.

Heterogeneous Thermal- and Photo-Catalytic Oxidation and Homogeneous Photothermal Oxidation of VOCs 283John L Graham, Barry Dellingerand Wayne Rubey, University of Dayton Research Institute

SESSION 10—INNOVATIVE COMBUSTION PROCESSESChair: Christopher B. Leger, Praxair, Inc.Cochair: Shigekatsu Mori, Nagoya University

The Phoenix Environmental Ltd.: Iron-Oxygen Reactor Technology 291Barry E. Scheetz, The Pennsylvania State University; Michael Vayansky, Seco/Warwick; Jeffrey Cheetham andJason Workman, Phoenix Environmental Ltd.

Incineration of Large Contaminagted Biological Objects in Field Conditions 297LA. Sobolev, S.A. Dmitriev, A.S. Barinov, G.A. Petrov, M.I. Ojovan, K.N. Semenov, E.M. Timofeev, Scientificand Industrial Association "Radon "

Advanced Incineration System of Sewage Sludge Using a Circulating Fluidized Bed Incinerator — Simultaneous Operationof Incinerating Sewage Sludge under High Load and Sintering Pelletized Ash in the Circulating Fluidized Bed Incinerator 301Takayuki Mori, Osamu Ishikawa and Kazuhiro Koizumi, NGK Insulators, Ltd.

New Technology for Thermal Destruction 307Michael L. Zettner, Independent & Environmental Services Company Ltd.

Actively Controlled Afterburner for Compact Waste Incinerator 313T.P. Parr, K.J. Wilson, R.A. Smith and K.C. Schadow, Naval Air Warfare Center; D.W. Hansell and J.A. Cole,Energy and Environmental Research Corporation

Use of Transpiring-Wall Platelet Reactor in Hydrothermal Oxidation of Organic Materials 321Len Schoenman and Marvin Young, GenCorp Aerojet; K.S. Ahluwalia, Foster Wheeler Development Corp.

SESSION 11A—PART I: TRACE ORGANICSChair: Paul M. Lemieux, U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyCochair: Kevin Bruce, Acurex Environmental CorporationGas-Phase and Solid Residue Release from Used Oils During Heating 327Sergio Di Lalla andJanusz A. Kozinski, McGill University

National Annual Dioxin Emissions Estimates from Waste Combustors 333H. Gregor Rigo, Rigo & Rigo Associates, Inc.; James J. Cudahy, Focus Environmental, Inc.

An Investigation on the Pyrolysis of Cellulose and Surrogate Solid Waste 337Ashwani K. Gupta, Jianrong Chen andAzzedine Missoum, University of Maryland

Effect of Inorganic and Organic Chlorine on PCDD and PCDF Emissions from Hog Fuel Boiler Operation 343B. Pandompatam, Y. Kumar and A.J. Liem, Alberta Research Council

Incineration By-Products of Energetic Materials 347Patricia A. Kemme, Jean M. Day and Donald M. Cropek, U.S. Army Construction Engineering ResearchLaboratories

SESSION 11B—PART II: TRACE ORGANICS - DIOXINSChair: Kevin Bruce, Acurex Environmental CorporationCochair: Kevin J. Whiting, Independent ConsultantApplication of an "Ultra-Clean" Technique for the Measurement of Trace Dioxin/Furan Levels in Source Emissions 355Bruce E. Maisel, ENSR Corporation; L Craig Davis and Mark Wood, PPG Industries, Inc.

Formation of Chlorinated Aliphatic and Aromatic Compounds from Acetylene on Model Surfaces 361Philip H. Taylor, Sukh Sidhu and Barry Dellinger, University of Dayton; Adreas Wehrmeier, Dieter Lenoir,K.-WSchramm, A. Kettrup, GSF

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PCDD/F Formation in Cement Kiln Pre-Heat Zone from Reactions of Raw Meal Hydrocarbons 367 •Sikh Sidhu and Barry Dellinger, University of Dayton Research Institute i

Reducing Dioxin Formation through Coal Co-Firing 373K. Raghunathan, Acurex Environmental Corporation; Brian K. Gullett, Chun Wai Lee, James D. Kilgroe, U.S.Environmental Protection Agency

Dioxin Formation from Soot-Based Deposits 379K. Raghunathan, Acurex Environmental Corporation; Chun Wai Lee and Jim Kilgroe, U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency

Rapid High-Temperature Dioxin Formation: Pilot-Scale Test Results from the U.S. EPA Incineration Research Facility 383Larry R. Waterland and S. Behrooz Ghorishi, Acurex Environmental Corporation

I

SESSION 12—ASH, RESIDUE AND FINAL WASTE FORMSChair: William Bostick, Lockheed Martin Energy SystemsCochair: Detlef Schmidt, DETEC GmbH

Ash Quality and Heavy Metals Behaviour in Combined Combustion of Bituminous Coal and Sewage Sludge 391R. Cenni, T. Gerhardt, H. Spliethoff and K.R.G. Hein, University of Stuttgart

Chemical Composition and Leachability of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom Ashes 399G. Pfrang-Stotz, Institutfur Technische Chemie/Thermische Abfallbehandlung (ITC/TAB); J. Reichelt,University of Karlsruhe

Neutralization of Inorganic Wastes in a Cement Kiln 405Lucjan Pawlowski and Ryszard Gierzatowicz, Technical University of Lublin

Design and Operation of Batch/Semi-Continuous Pyrolyzer System to Dispose of Drummed and High Ash Liquid Wastes 409R.L. Mendelsohn, DuPont Company; T.J. Schultz, Surface Combustion, Inc.

Report on Thermal Oxidation 417Frank H. Wright, Advanced Envirotech Systems, Inc.

SESSION 13—DEMONSTRATED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL & CONTINUOUSEMISSIONS MONITORING SYSTEMSChair: Bill Schofield, Focus Environmental, Inc.

Improved Control of Metals and Paniculate Matter from Air Pollution Control Equipment Upgrade at the DupontExperimental Station Hazardous Waste Incinerator 421Gary D. Hinshaw, Midwest Research Institute; Richard S. Vickery, DuPont Experimental Station

Utilizing Vapor Vent Back/Vapor Balance Technology to Eliminate VOC Emissions from Liquid Organic Storage Tanks 427Kenneth R. Latchem, Kenneth R. Latchem & Associates; Eric B. Tiemeyer and Greg Mayes, Texas Industries

Wet Scrubbing Techniques to Achieve Current Canadian Dioxin-Furan Emissions Criteria 433Doug J. Topley, Andersen 2000 Inc.

Multistaging with Waterwall Absorption Reduces NOx Formation 435John Cieslak and Kurt Millies, Basic Envirotech Inc.

Implementation of a Semi-Continuous Paniculate Collection Device 439Richard H. Lambert and Keith R. Beach, Eli Lilly and Company

Conducting a BIF Certification of Compliance Test on an Integrated Multiple Combustor, Multiple Air Pollution ControlDevice System 445Bill Schofield and Anthony R. Eicher, Focus Environmental, Inc.; Ken Morgan, Merichem Company

SESSION 14—RISK ASSESSMENTChair: Kathryn E. Kelly, Delta Toxicology, Inc.Cochair: Joyce Feldman, Environmental Consultant

New Protocols for Screening Level Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessments 451David A. Weeks, Jeffrey J. Yurk and Steven E. Ehlers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Significance of Risk-Based Isopleths for an Indirect, Multi-Source Human Health Risk Assessment 457John T. Litynski, Alan E. Blanchard and Parrish E. Galusky, U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion andPreventive Medicine

SESSION 15—EMISSIONS SAMPLING & CHARACTERIZATION CONSIDERATIONSChair: Jeffrey V. Ryan, U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyCochair: C.E. (Gene) Riley, Triangle Laboratories

Highlights of Emission Test Method Development Activities for 1996-97 463Foston Curtis, Frederick Thompson and Peter Westlin, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Innovative Field Sampling Approach to the Identification and Quantitation of Organic Emissions from Point Sources 465Franklin M. Stevens, Jr., W. Steven Lanier and Edgar G. Folk, Energy and Environmental ResearchCorporation; Shiva Garg, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Evaluation of the Behavior of Flame Ionization Detection Total Hydrocarbon Continuous Emission Monitors at LowConcentrations 471Jeffrey V. Ryan and Paul M. Lemieux, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Paul W. Groff, AcurexEnvironmental Corporation

Chemical Analysis of Combustion Samples Using Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography 477Wayne A. Rubey, Barry Dellinger and Richard C. Striebich, University of Dayton

SESSION 16—VITRIFICATION TECHNOLOGIESChair: Robert Gillins, Science Applications International CorporationCochair: Ralph Koenig, Merlin CompanyDesign, Operation, and Evaluation of the Transportable Vitrification System 483John R. Zamecnik, Steven R. Young, Erich K. Hansen and John C. Whitehouse, Westinghouse Savannah RiverCo.

Demonstration of Graphite Electrode DC Arc Furnace for Treatment of Department of Energy Mixed Waste 491David A. Lamarand Charles J. Freeman, Pacific Northwest Laboratory

Scale-Up, Design, and Permitting of a Mixed Vitrification Facility 499Matt Cage, SEG

SESSION 17—COMBUSTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTChair: Thomas Ho, Lamar UniversityCochair: Chien-Song Chyang, Chung Yuan Christian UniversityBed Temperature in Slagging Hazardous Waste Rotary Kilns: Field and Computational Investigations 505John M. Veranth, Geoffrey D. Silcox and David W. Pershing, University of Utah

E-Beam Based Destruction of Volatile Organic Contaminants 509Anshumali, B.C. Winkleman andA.C. Sheth, University of Tennessee Space Institute

XI

s

Fundamental Research on Combustion of Cylindrical Refuse-Derived Fuels 515Guiqing Liu, Hidenori Goto, Yong Chen, Ryohei Yamazaki and Shigekatsu Mori, Yukihisa Fujima, NogoyaUniversity

Municipal Solid Waste/Oil Shale Combustion 521Harry Mudgett, Hazen Research, Inc.; Harry E. McCarthy and Reed L Clayson, Synfuels Engineering andDevelopment, Inc.

Incineration of Paper Sludge in a Prototype Vortexing Fluidized Bed Combustor 527Chien-Song Chyang, Chen-Yu Liu and Yi-De Chang, Chung Yuan Christian University

Co-Combustion Studies in a Fluidized-Bed Incinerator 533S.C. Saxena, W.Y. Wu and M.B. Fei, The University of Illinois at Chicago

Application of a Novel Rotating Fluidised Bed for Sludge Waste Incineration 541M.R. Taib, O. Schmidt, V. Nasserzadeh, J. Swithenbank, University of Sheffield; M. Ward and J. Bone, ,,Yorkshire Water Ltd.

SESSION 18—GOVERNMENT THERMAL TREATMENT STRATEGIESChair: Richard Kimmel, U.S. Department of EnergyCochair: Eugene E. Nolting, Naval Research Warfare Center

Mixed Waste Characterization, Treatment, and Disposal Focus Area High Temperature Melter Development Strategy 549James D. Herzog, Lockheed Martin Idaho Technology Company

Navy Shipboard Plasma Arc System Development Program 553Eugene E. Nolting, Douglas S. Vaughters, Jon W. Cofield, Mark J. Pechulis and C. Michael Kelly, NavalSurface Warfare Center

Development of a Plasma Arc System for the Destruction of U.S. Department of Defense Hazardous Waste 559Bruce D. Sartwell, Naval Research Laboratory

Development of an Integrated Strategy for Utilization of DOE Incinerators 565Daniel C. Wood, Westinghouse Savannah River Co.; Lance J. Mezga, Lockheed Martin Energy Systems

Permitting Roadmap for Mixed Waste Thermal Treatment Systems 569W.R. Seeker, Wyman Clark and Bruce Springsteen, Energy and Environmental Research Corporation; C.C.Lee, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; R. Kimmel, U.S. Department of Energy

Mixed Waste Characterization Reference Document 575Peggy Hinman, Law Offices of Margaret B. Hinman I

Vacuum Enhanced Thermal Desorption Treatment of Mixed Waste: A Case Study Performed at Rocky Flats 579 •Jeffrey V. Dagdigian, Janice Czernec, Jeffrey O'Ham and Ronald Hill, McLaren/Hart, Inc.

SESSION 19A—PART I: SYSTEM DESIGN, MODIFICATION AND STARTUP EXPERIENCEChair: Don Leavitt, CEntry Construction & EngineersCochair: Jack Brandy, Andersen 2000, Inc.

Reconciliation and Model Identification as a First Step for On-Line Optimization of Incineration Processes 587Maurizio Rovaglio and Davide Manca, CIIC

Operation, Safety and Process Control of Thermal Incinerators 597Olavo Cunha Leite, T-Thermal Company

Assessing Incineration Treatment Capacity 603Saleem K. Zwayyed, IT Corporation; Rudy G. Novak, RGN Consultants

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Prerequisites for Feasible Converstion of Radioactive Biomass into Energy 611Alexandre J. Grebenkov and Anatoli P. Iakoushev, Institute of Power Engineering Problems; Larry L. Baxter,Sandia National Laboratories

The Art of Slag Quench Tank Design 617Bruce E. Babcock, PPG Industries

Occurrence and Suppression of Thermite Reaction in Slags from Destruction of Navy Shipboard Wastes 621I.G. Talmy, J.A. Zaykoski, C.A. Martin, J.W. Cofield, S. Dallek, C.R. Wong and E.E. Nolting, Naval SurfaceWarfare Center; S.H. Peterson and D.A. Counts, Geo-Centers, Inc.

Molten Salt Oxidation State-of-the-Art Equipment Design 627Kim Wernly, Molten Salt Oxidation Corporation; John Consaga and Mark Heslop, Naval Surface WarfareCenter

ESSION 20A—PART I: METALS-MERCURY ISSUESChair: Larry R. Waterland, Acurex Environmental CorporationMercury Waste Reduction Program at Borgess Medical Center 633Brian Strong and Mark Turner, Midwest Research Institute; Eric Buzzell, Borgess Medical Center

Mercury Removal from Hazardous Waste with a Low-Cost Innovative Universal Process 639Rajiv Kohli, RK Associates; Jozef Hanulik, DECO-HANULIK AG

Field Validation of Sampling Procedures for the Speciation of Mercury in Flue Gas 645Franklin M. Stevens, Jr., William R. Froberg and W. Steven Lanier, Energy and Environmental ResearchCorporation; Scott Rauenzahn, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Dan Burns, Westinghouse SavannahRiver Co.; Peter Grohse and James A. O'Rourke, Research Triangle Institute

Control of Mercury Emissions from MSW Incineration by Adsorption on Sorbalit™ 655Despina Karatza and Amedeo Lancia, Universita di Napoli; Dino Musmarra, Instituto di Ricerche sullaCombustione

Study of Mercury Speciation in a Simulated Municipal Waste Incinerator Flue Gas 661James A. Gaspar, Browning-Ferris Industries; Neil C. Widmer, JeraldA. Cole and William R. Seeker, Energyand Environmental Research Corporation

Lime Enhances Moving Bed Filters for Mercury and Dioxin Control 667Anthony Licata and Ed Goetz, Dravo Lime Company; Lutz-Peter Nethe, Marker Umwelttechnik GmbH

IESSION 21—TRIAL BURNS PROTOCOLS AND RESULTSChair: Tony Eicher, Focus Environmental, Inc.Cochair: Beth Antley, U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResults of the Waste Experimental Reduction Facility RCRA Trial Burn Preliminary Testing 673B. Packer, Science Applications International Company; P. Gray, Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies Co.

Results from the Metal Parts Furnace Performance Standard Demonstration Burn Using Ton Containers withAgent GB Heels 6 7 7

Timothy K. Booth, USACAMDS; Michael L Foster, Thomas G. Busmann and Chris E. McBride, ITCorporation

Conducting the Maximum Waste Feed Rate, Minimum Combustion Temperature Test Condition for Boilers whichBurn High BTU Wastes — A Case Study 6 8 3

Bill Schofield, Focus Environmental, Inc.; Anthony R. Eicher, Focus Environmental, Inc.; Harold Crouch,

Merichem Company

xin

Region 4 Model Part B Comments: Trial Burn Plans and Site-Specific Risk Assessments for Hazardous Waste Combustors 687Beth Antley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

SESSION 22—ISO 14000Chair: Martin Quinn, UK Environmental AgencyCochair: Ja-Kong Koo, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyISO 14000 A Perspective to Support Strategic Environmental Business Planning 693Terry Schomer, Environmental Consultant I

Meeting the Requirements of ISO 14001 699 *Joan Berner, Eastman Kodak Company

Status of Waste Incineration and the Countermeasures for ISO 14000's in Korea 705Ja-Kong Koo, Kyung-Ryul Baek, Dong-Hoon Cha, Jong-Chul Lee and Ik-Soo Kim, KAIST EnvironmentalSystems Research Lab.

SESSION 19B—PART II: SYSTEM DESIGN, MODIFICATION AND STARTUPEXPERIENCESChair: Ian Pegg, Catholic University of AmericaCochair: David Dalton, Science Applications International CorporationA Process Simulation Model for a 2 Ton/Hr Incinerator (A Combined Bed Combustion and Furnace Heat Transfer Model) 711Won Yang, Donghoon Shin and Sangmin Choi, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Modifications to Existing Hazardous Waste Incineration Systems 717Michael Budin, RMT/Four Nines

A Rotary Kiln Chemical and Hazardous Waste Incinerator for Singapore 721Tracy L Holloway, Andersen 2000 Inc.

Complete Refurbishment of an Existing Hazardous Waste Incinerator in Eastern Germany on a Turn-Key Contract Basis 725Hans-Ulrich Hartenstein, L.&C. Steinmuller GmbH; Hans-Dietrich Sonneck, Broerius Abfallwirtschaft SachsenGmbH; Anthony Ucata, L&C. Steinmuller GmbH

Simultaneous Hot Gas Desulfurization and Improved Filtration with Dry Scrubbing Using Waste Products 737James F. Tievers, Elaine M. Dohnal and Paul M. Eggerstedt, Industrial Filter & Pump Mfg. Co.; Elizabeth C.Zievers, Universal Porosics, Inc.

Evalution of Modern Flue-Gas Cleaning Techniques Based on Input- Output Balances of Pollutants 743Dieter O. Reimann, Zweckverband Mullheizkraftwerk Bamberg

SESSION 20B—PART II: METALS-PARTITIONING/CONTROLChair: Gary Hinshaw, Midwest Research InstituteCochair: Robert G. Barton, Midwest Research Institute

Metals Emissions from the Burning of Hazardous Waste in a Dry- Process Cement Kiln 749John R. Hart, California Environmental Protection Agency

The Behavior of Arsenic, Mercury and Cesium in an Incinerator with Low-Temperature Dry Off-Gas System 755Hee-Chul Yang, Won-Zin Oh and Joon-Hyung Kim, KAERI; Kyoo-Seong Lee and Yong-Chil Seo, YonseiUniversity

Metal Vaporization and Metal Binding by Additives or Sorbents During High Temperature Thermal Treatment 761T.C. Ho, K.S. Wang, P. Yang and J.R. Hopper, Lamar University

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Metals, Particulate, and Radionuclide Partitioning Results from Mixed Waste Thermal Treatment Demonstrations 769Nick R. Soelberg, Andrea G. Chambers, Jon D. Grandy, Kevin J. Liekhus and Gary L Anderson, IdahoNational Engineering and Environmental Laboratory

Properties of Solid Residue Obtained from Contaminated Biosludge 783Guohui Zheng and Janusz A. Kozinski, McGill University

Use of Metals Extrapolation and Surrogates for Evaluating Metals Limits 789B.R. Springsteen, W. Clark and R.G. Rizeq, Energy and Environmental Research Corporation

5ESSION 23—ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIESChair: Morton E. Wacks, University of ArizonaCochair: Eugene Keating, Geo-Centers Inc.Air Torch Modeling for Thermal Destruction 795Han S. Uhm, Jon W. Cofield, Eugene E. Nolting, Naval Surface Warfare Center; Ashwani K. Gupta, Universityof Maryland

Energetic Material Treatment Using Molten Salt Oxidation 801J. Mark Heslop, John P. Consaga, W. Ray Lee, Naval Surface Warfare Center

The Base Catalyzed Decomposition Process, A Proven Remediation Technology 805Suzanne Terres, Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center; William E. Gallagher, IT Corporation

Feasibility of Steam Treatment of PCB-Contaminated Soil 811Daniel P. Y. Chang, Pingkuan Di and Mark Hutchinson, University of California, Davis; Kent S. Udell andMichael Itamura, University of California, Berkeley

Wider Service Range for a Liquid Waste Incinerator with a Stainless Steel Constructed Water Quench 817Roger Malone and Wei Wang, Union Carbide Corporation; Paul Kuten, Fluor Daniel, Inc.; Ron Desai andRoop Bhan, Callidus Technologies Inc.; Pat Thomasson, Technical Consultant

SESSION 24—INNOVATIVE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEMSChair: Ronald G. Patterson, EnvitechCochair: Fu-Tien Jeng, National Taiwan UniversityA New Wet Scrubbing Technology for Control of Elemental (Metallic) and Ionic Mercury Emissions 821Bernard Siret, LAB SA; Scott Eagleson, BELCO Technologies Corporation

An Innovation in Particulate Matter and Metals Emission Control: The Hydrop Scrubber 825P. Falcone, T-Thermal Company

Use of Ceramic Elements in a High Efficiency Particulate Filter for Medical Waste Incinerator System 829Brian R. Hogan, Resource Environmental Systems, Inc.

Acoustic Methods for Enhanced Filtration of Combustion Aerosols 833Karl Martin and O.A. Ezekoye, University of Texas at Austin

Dynamic Medialess Submicron Particulate Filtration: Potential Reduction in Toxic Exposure to Workers 839

Steve R. Wright, Jeffrey H. Bond, David A. Knight and Joseph M. Voelker, lnnovaTech Inc.

AUTHOR INDEX 843

ATTENDEE LIST 847

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