1993 INCINERATION CONFERENCE

Thermal Treatment of Radioactive, Hazardous Chemical, Mixed, Energetic,Chemical Weapon, and Medical Wastes

Proceedings of the1993 Incineration ConferenceKnoxville, Tennessee, U.S.A.

May 3-7,1993

Charlotte BakerConference Coordinator

University of California, Irvine

Earl McDanielTechnical Program Chairman

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Jim TripodesOversight Chairman

University of California, Irvine

M.E. WacksEditor

University of Arizona

Sponsored by

University of California, Irvine (UCI)And:

American Insitute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)Air and Waste Management Association (A&WMA)

American Nuclear Society (ANS)American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

Coalition for Responsible Waste Incineration (CRWI)Health Physics Society (HPS)

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ?13

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY OUTREACH-Chain N. Myrick, Sarp Industries;CoChair: R. Kagel, Dow Chemical

The Reality of Greening--Hong Kong 1Johan E. Bayer, Rust Environmental & Infrastructure

COMMUNITY RELATIONS-Chair: R. Apa, Morrison Knudsen;CoChair: C. Doolittle, Dow Chemical

Agriculture as a Stakeholder in Hazardous Waste Disposal Facility Siting 5Mike Poulson and Eileen DeArmon, DeArmon & Poulson Environmental Communications

Public Acceptance of Dioxin Incineration-A Case Study 9Robert P. Apa, Morrison Knudsen Corporation

Public Participation Patterns During the Incinerator and Landfill Permitting Process: A Case Study 13Sona Chambers, RhetaJ. Smith, Jacobs Engr.;John Perrecone, USEPA

AUXILIARY SYSTEMS-Chair: Blake Beckstrom, Ford, Bacon & Davis

Waste Handling Considerations for a Commercial Hazardous Waste Fluid Bed Incinerator 17Leonard A. Kaufmann and Charles D. Bartholomew, Waste-Tech Services, Inc.

Sludge Drying by Contact with a Pulsating Gas Stream 21H. Bamert-Wiemerand Th. Glorius, KFA;E. Schober, FA. Neuman GmbH;J.G. Postmes, EM-Group

Shear Shredder Safety: A Design Approach 27T. Gamier, SSI Shredding Systems

In Line (Detonation) Flame Arresters Function, Certification, Selection and Application 29Trevor Knittel, Westech Industrial, Inc.

WASTE CHARACTERIZATION-Chain J. Feldman, Foster Wheeler;CoChair: C.S. Jackson, LLNL

Waste Characterization: A "Need to Know" 37Joyce Feldman, Foster Wheeler

Swedish Management of Incinerator Hazardous Waste Streams 41Kjell Fagerstrom, Linkoping University; Frank Hetzler, ENVIKRAFTA-S

Characterization of Combustible Products and Residue from Full-Scale Gasification Processing of WasteTires 45Ja-KongKoo andSeok-Wan Kim, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Rotary Kiln Thermal Treatment of Pesticide Contaminated Soils 51G.R. Hassel, BJL Springsteen andWJR. Seeker, Energy and Environmental Research Corporation;MA. Choroszy-Marshall, Ciba

CLEAN AIR ACT-Chair. M. Trichon, Air & Waste Technologies;CoChair: W. Davis, University of Tennessee

The Impact of 1990 CAA on Permitting Hazardous and Medical Waste Incinerators 55A. Sherman andR. Coleman, Foster Wheeler Enviresponse

Incineration, Risk Assessment, and the Clean Air Act 59Anne Nichols, Stephen T. Washburn and Wen-WhaiLi, ENVIRON Corp.

Clean Air Act Amendements Impact on a Commercial Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage andDisposal Facility 63S. Elwood Halterman, Jr. and Robert J. McConnick, DRE Environmental Sen'ices; Frederick M. Wynn,Federated Technologies International Corp.

Thermal Treatment and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990; An Overview 69Morris Trichon andJoem Seigies, Research Cottrell Environmental Services

BOILERS & INDUSTRIAL FURNACES (BIF)-Chair: J. Cudahy, Focus Environmental;CoChair: C. Massimino, U.S. EPA

The Boiler and Industrial Furance Regulation: Implementation Issues and NonCompliance Trends 77Beth Antley, U.S. EPA

Overview of the Regulatory Exemptions Allowed to BIFS 85Jim Russell, Focus Environmental, Inc.

Hazardous Waste Burning System Modifications for BIF Compliance 91Karl N. John, Kalama Chemical Inc.

Sampling and Analytical Experiences: Compliance Testing Under the Boiler and IndustrialFurnace Regulations 99Sean O'Brien, TRCEnvironmental Corporation

An Operating Perspective: Implementing the Boiler and Industrial Furnace RulesDonald F. Macdonald, W. Floyd Dickerson and Thomas E. Pruitt, Rhone-Poulenc Basic ChemicalsCompany 103

Burning Hazardous Waste in Cement Kilns: A Study of Emissions, Offsite Concentrations, and HealthEffects in Midlothian, Texas 109Kathryn E. Kelly and Christine C. Beahler, Environmental Toxicology International, Inc.

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROGRAMS-Chaii-. J. Orban, U.S. DOE;CoChain J. McFee, IT Corporation

Mixed Waste Integrated Program Thermal Treatment Technology Development 117R.L. Gillins, SAIQJ.B. Berry, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; P.W. Lurk, U.S. DOE

Estimation of Initial Costs of DOE Mixed Low-Level Waste Management Options 125Sayan Chakraborti, Terry DeBiase, Murthy Devarakonda and Mark S. Abashian, IT Corporation;Jo-Ann Bassi, U.S. DOE

DOE Mixed Low-Level Waste Overview 131T.D. Kirkpatrick, DM. AJtmed, R.L. Black and BA. Heath, EG&G Idaho

Development of Site Treatment Plans as Required by the Federal Facility Compliance Act 135Marilyn E. Stone and Jim Orban US. DOE

Public Outreach Workgroup for Incinerator Operators Meeting Report, December 9-11,1992 143Peter R. Siebach, U.S. DOE; Peter M. Kiang, BDM Federal Inc.

Incineration of Commercial Mixed Waste 147DominickA. Oriando and Michael F. Weber, U.S. NRC; Susan Jones, U.S. EPA;Dr. Jerry A. Klein, ORNL

Hanford Site Radioactive Mixed Waste Thermal Treatment Initiative 153B. G. Place and J. G. Riddelle, Westinghouse Hanford Company

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BEHAVIOR OF ORGANICS AND PIC FORMATION-Chair: K. Bruce, Acurex;CoChair: P. Phelan, Mason & Hangar

Experimental Investigation of PIC Formation from Incineration of CFCs 159G.R. Hassel, B.R. Springsteen and W.R. Seeker, Energy and Environmental Research Corporation;C.W. Lee, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory

Organic Emissions From Pilot-Scale Incineration of CFCs 165Jeffrey V. Ryan, Acurex Environmental Corporation; C. W. Lee, U.S. EPA; Steven Korn, T-Thermal Inc.

Thermal Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds 173W.Y. Wang and PA. George, South Charleston Technical Center

A Pulsating Combustion-Based Volatile Organic Compound Destruction Technique 177S.R. Vosen, J.O. Keller, T.T. Bramlette, M.D. Allendorf, Sandia National Laboratories;R. Kaminsky, University of California; S.M. Thomberg, Sandia National Laboratories

Co-Combustion of a Plastic Polymer: Effects of Other Polymeric and Combustible Constituents inWastes on the Formation of Chlorinated Benzenes 183Jila Banaee, INEL; Richard A. Larson, University of Illinois

Effect of Sulfur on Formation of PCDD/PCDF During Incineration 189Kevin R. Bruce, Acurex Environmental Corporation

The Destruction of Air Toxic Emissions by Flameless Thermal Oxidation 195William D. Binder and Richard J. Martin, Thermatrix Inc.

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEMS-Chair: J. Brady, Andersen 2000

Use of Multiple Air Pollution Control Systems to Surpass All Emission Requirements at a Superfund Site . . . 199KirkA.Attenhoferand Tarek Elnaggar, GDC Engineering Inc.

Final Cleaning of Flue Gases from Municipal Waste Incinerators 203/. Stohr, J. Furrer, Hunsinger and S. Kreisz, KFKKarlsruhe GmbH

Modelling of Dry Scrubbing of Acid Gases in Filter Cakes 207W. Duo, N.F. Kirkby, J.P.K. Seville andR. Clift, Univrsity of Surrey

The Use of Gas Separation Membranes for Pollution Control 213Bqyce W. Logsdon and Dennis Stull, EG&G Rocky Flats; John Pellegrino, NIST

State of the Art Assessment of Air Pollution Control Technologies for the Planned Rocky Flats MixedWaste Thermal Treatment Unit 221W. Clark, M. Boddy, W.R. Seeker and B. Springsteen, Energy and Environmental Research Corporation;P. Williams, EG&G Rocky Flats; CC Lee, U.S. EPA

EDV Field Testing at the 3M Corporate Incinerator 227John Pilney and George Gathje, 3M Corporation; Hughes Vincent, Gerwyn Jones, Belco TechnologiesCorporation

Commissioning and Pollution Testing of a Fluid Bed Sludge Incineration System Control Efficiencies ofVenturi Scrubber/Wet Electrostatic Precipitator 233/. Shelby Coffey, HanJdn Environmental Systems, Inc.

RESIDUES & FINAL DISPOSITION-Chain W. Bostick, ORNL;CoChair. H. Barnert-Weimer, KFA Chemische Technologie Institute

Ex-Situ Vitrification of Incinerator Ash-Case Studies 243Douglas H. Davis, ENVTTCO, Inc.

Vitrification of Municipal Waste Combustion Flyash for Hazardous Element Stabilization 249DaleR. Wexell, Coming Incorporated

Recycling of Boiler and Incinerator Ash into Value Added Glass Products 257J.G. Hnat, Leonard M. Bartone, James Santoianni, Michael J. Zieniek, Akshay Mathur, VortecCorporation

Plasma-Treatment of Toxic Residues 263Herbert Klein and Andre" Hoffmann, WM-Umwelttechnik

Management of Combustion System Operations to Assure Regulatory Compliance of Ash 271Mike Merdinger, Foster Wheeler Environmental Services

The Nitrate to Ammonia and Ceramic (NAC) Process 275AJ. Mattus andD.D. Lee, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

The Dose Impact of Element Partitioning in Hazardous Waste Incineration Facilities 279R.L. Aaberg, L.L. Burger, DA. Baker, M.F. Jarvis and T.T. Jarvis, Pacific Northwest Laboratory;W.L. Beck, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education

MIXED WASTES THERMAL TREATMENT-Chain R. Gillins, SAIC;CoChair: D. Orlando, U.S. NRC

Automatic Incineration of Mixed Waste in Drums 281Kurt Bj0rkvik and Frank Hetzler, ENVIKRAFTA-S

A Low Temperature Fluidized Bed Thermal Treatment Process for Treating Mixed Waste at theRocky Flats Plant '. 285GaryB. Semones, PaulM. Williams, Stevan P. Stiefvater, Bryan D. Roecker and Doyle L. Mitchell,EG&G Rocky Flats, Inc.

TCLP Results on Microwave Solidified Surrogate Hydroxide Coprecipitation Sludge 291G.S. Sprengerand V.G. Eschen, EG&G Rocky Flats; R.D. Petersen, EET, Corp.

Pilot Scale Treatability Tests for Vitrification of Hazardous and Mixed Wastes 295D.M. Bennert, TJ. Overcamp, KL. Compton, T.N. Sargent, Jr. andJ.L. Resce, Clemson University;D.F. Bickford, Westinghouse Savannah River Company

Test Results from the Demonstration of the Plasma Hearth Process 301Ray Geimer, Dr. James Batdorf and Perry Wolfe, SAIC

35 Years of Incineration of Radioactive Wastes in Belgium 307R. Vanbrabant, Belgoprocess; P. Dejonghe, SCKJCEN

CONTROL OF NOx & HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (HAPS)~Chairs: K. Herbert, Allied Signal Industrial Catalysts;CoChain R. Bell, Radian Corporation

Report of the First Commercial Combined VOC and NOX Reduction Fluidized Bed SCR ProcessInstallation 313EdAddison, ARI Technologies, Inc.

Pyrolysis and Oxidative Pyrolysis of Polystyrene 317A.K. Gupta, University of Maryland; E.L. Keating, Consultant

Hybrid Low NOx Process for Destruction of Bound Nitrogen Compounds 325Ronald D. Bell, Radian Corporation

Integrated Incinerator Design for NOx Control 329Peter B. Nutcher and David A. Lewandowski, Process Combustion Corporation

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Oxy-Fucl Enhances Mobile Incinerator Performance 335C.E. Baukal and L.L. Schafer, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.; E.P. Papadelis, Vesta Technologies, Ltd.

Control of Dilute Volatile Organics by Solvent Concentration 339William J. Fucich, Met-Pro Corporation

Catalytic Oxidation Systems for Commercial Scale Chemical Plants 343Thomas G. Otchy, CSM Environmental Systems, Inc.

Applications for Catalytic Oxidation 349Gene H. Anguil, Anguil Environmental Systems, Inc.

MEDICAL WASTE-Chair: K. Durkee, U.S. EPA; CoChair: J. Eddinger, U.S. EPA

State-of-the-Art, Small-Scale Medical Waste Incinerator Operating Case History 355R. Gerard Hyland, RGH Associates, Inc.; William C. Cramer, Gerard V. Faloon, and Thomas R. Holder,Morristown Memorial Hospital

Incinerator Flue Gas Conditioning: Using Evaporative Cooling 363Daniel J. Grieshop and Gerald J. Childress, United McGill Corporation

The Control of Particulate Matter, Acid Gas, and Heavy Metals Emissions From Medical WasteIncinerators 369Glenn A. Brinckman, W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.

On-Site Small-Scale Medical Waste Incineration: Public Opposition & Influence on Permitting 375Anthony J. Opiatowski, Merck & Co., Inc.

Status of EPA Regulatory Development Progam for Medical Waste Incinerators—Performance and Costsof Control Options 381Kenneth R. Durkee and James A. Eddinger, U.S. EPA

Control of Flue Gas Emissions at the Healthwaste Medical Waste Incineration Facility Bronx,New York-A State-of-the-Art Medical Waste Disposal Facility 389Daniel P. Politi, Metro NY Health Waste Processing; Alan Harleston, Montenay Bronx, Inc.; E.B. Mull, Jr.,INTEREL Environmental Technologies, Inc.

Development of a Method to Approximate Hydrochloric Acid Production of Boxed Medical WasteStream During Incineration 395David C Avina, Colorado Incineration Services, Inc.

A i r P o l l u t i o n C o n t r o l F i l t e r O p e r a t i o n t o R e d u c e H C I , C D D / C D F , M e t a l s , a n d P a r t i c u l a t e E m i s s i o n s . . . . 3 9 9David Avina, Colorado Incineration Services, Inc.; Art Esposito, Church & Dwight Co., Inc.

PLANNING TRIAL BURNS FOR REGULATED METALS--Chair: W. Schofield, DRE Southwest; CoChain G. Hinshaw, Midwest Research Institute

Understanding Metals Compliance; the Tiered Approach and Dealing with Multiple Sources 405P. Sadler, Focus Environmental

Review of the Trial Burn Manual for the Testing of Metals": A Product of the Coalition for ResponsibleWaste Incineration 411Joanne M. Hillary, INEL/EG&G Idaho, Inc.

Typical Metal Concentrations in RCRA Waste Burned in Cement Kilns 417David Gossman, Gossman Consulting

Metal Spike Approaches for Incinerator Trial Burns-A Comparative Analysis . 421Bill Schofield, DRE Environmental Services, Inc.; Leo Weitzman, LVWAssociataes, Inc.;Adrian George, Marston Bentley, Inc.; Floyd Pfeffer II, DRE Environmental Services Inc.

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Spiking Metal Compounds During a Trial Burn or Compliance Test 429George E. Lipinski and Peter Williamson, Four Nines, Inc.

Potential Surrogate Metals for Incinerator Trial Burns 433L.R. Waterland and DJ. Foumier, Jr., Acurex Environmental Corporation

Effect of Spiking Method on Cr + 6 Behavior in a Cement Kiln 441Eric R. Hansen, Ash Grove Cement Company

PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE: WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE PUBLIC OPINION?-CoChair: N. Bergan French, SNL; CoChair: R. Kagel, Dow Chemical

Public Acceptance Plan for the Consolidated Incineration Facility-Savannah River Site 445M.G. O'Rearand V.W. Sauls, U.S. DOE

Activities to Gain Public Acceptance and to Prepare for Licensing the Fluidized Bed Thermal TreatmentProcess at the Rocky Flats Plant 449Carla M. Sanda, Gary B. Semones, Paul M. Williams and Stevan P. Sliefvater, EG&G Rocky Flats, Inc.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES I-Chair: W. McCulIa, Los Alamos NationalLaboratory; CoChair: R. Vanbrabant, BelgoProcess

Graphite Electrode DC Arc Technology Development for Treatment of Buried Wastes 453J.E. Surma, Pacific Northwest Laboratory; D.R. Cohn, D.L. Smatlak, P. Thomas and P. Woskov,Massachusetts Institute of Technology; C.H. Titus, J.K Wittle and RA. Hamilton, Electro-Pyrolysis, Inc.

Incineration of Spent Ion Exchange Resins in Combination with Fluidized Bed and Catalyst (II) 457ShinjiKihara, TaneakiYahata, NobomAndo, andMitsuhiroNishimura, JAERIOarai-machi

Two-Stage Thermal/Nonthermal Waste Treatment Process 461LA. Rosocha, G.K. Anderson, JJ. Coogan, M. Kong, RA. Tennant, andPJ. Wantuck, Los AlamosNational Laboratory

Closed Loop Incineration System (CLIS) 471Chip Efferson, MRK, Inc.

Volume Reduction of Radioactive and Mixed Wastes Using an Elevated Temperature Wet OxidationProcess 475Ed Day and Dennis Wtlke, ADTECHS Corporation; Fukuzo Todo, JGC Corporation

Detox Wet Oxidation for Treatment of Complex Hazardous and Mixed Wastes 479Patrick M. Dhooge, Delphi Research Inc.

REMEDIATION-Chair: K. Smith, IT Corporation; CoChair: C. Kirchof, Jr., SchlumbergerEnvironmental

LaSalle Electric Utilities Superfund Site Update of Remedial Activities 483John H. Lanier, ThermoCor Kimmins

Thermal Remediation of a Superfund Site in Northern Ohio 487Katherine M.Andrews, ChristopherYoung and Matthew Beatty, RoyF. Weston

Decontamination of PCB-Contaminated Soils and Effective Treatability Testing for the SoiltechATP System 493Roger K. Nielson and Robert Shanks, SoilTech ATP Systems, Inc.

Overview of Transportable Incinerator Operations at the Sikes Disposal Pits Superfund Site 499Kevin Jackson, Millard Dunham and Richard Wesibrook, FT Corporation

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Remediation of Explosives Contaminated Soils Via On-Site Incineration at the Savanna Army DepotActivity 511Tom Vash and Barry Wright, Roy F. Weston, Inc.

Old Midland Products Site: A Case Study on Incineration of Dioxin Contaminated Soils 515Timothy D. Briggs and Randall T. Camp, Rust International Inc.

RISK-Chair: R. Wegeng, Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs;CoChair: K. Kelly, Environmental Toxicology International

Permitting Impacts of the 189 Clean air Act HAPS on the Risk Assessment for a Large IncinerationFacility 521Kenneth L. Brooke, DRE Technologies, Inc.

A Methodology to Apportion Ambient Air Measurements to Investigate Potential Effects on AirQuality Near Waste Incinerators 527Shaibal Mukerjee, Robert K Stevens, Niranjan Vescio, and TfiomasA. Lumpkin, U.S. EPA; Donald L. Foxand Carl M. Shy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Robert B. Kellogg, Mantech EnvironmentalTechnology Inc.

Minimizing Health Risk from Multiple Collocated Hazaradous Waste Incinerators by EmissionAdjustments 533Arijit Pakrasi and Michael Claggett, IT Corporation

Application of Probabilistic Risk Assessment Methodology to Incinerator Design-A Case History 539David C. Aabye, SAIC

Comparative Assessment of Estimated vs. Actual Emissions and Associated Health Risks from a ModernMunicipal Waste Combustor 543Richard J. Blanchet, Kathryn E. Kelly and Gary A. Pascoe, Environmental Toxicology International, Inc.;Phil H. Williams, Spokane Regional Solid Waste System

Risk Communication: The Art and Method of Reasonableness 551Eileen DeArmon, DeArmon & Poulson

CAA SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES-Chair: C.E. Riley, Triangle Labs;CoChair: R. Mitchum, Triangle Labs

Latest Plasma Centrifugal Furnace Testing Results and Equipment Development at the ComponentDevelopment and Integration Facility 555Dan Battleson, C. Whitworth, K Filius andJ. Tourikis, MSE, Inc.

Replacement of Charcoal Sorbent in the Vost 561Larry D. Johnson and Robert G. Fuerst, US. EPA;A.L. Foster and J.T. Bursey, Radian Corporation

Recent Experience Measuring Emissions of Aldehydes and Ketones Using EPA Method 0011 567James C. Seme, Michael O. White and Jeffrey W. Burdette, Roy F. Weslon, Inc.

Suggestions for the Analysis of Aldehydes and Ketones Using EPA Method 0011 573R.K. Mitchum, R.L. Detra and G. Riley, Triangle Laboratories of Columbus

Quality Assurance Project Plans: How, When, Where, What and Why? 577T.W. Cochran andR.K. Mitchum, Triangle Laboratories, Inc.

Using Method 301 to Validate Sampling and Analytical Methods for Selected CAAA Compounds 581Merrill D. Jackson, AREALfUSEPA; R.G. Merrill and J.T. Bursey, Radian Corporation

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MATERIALS—Chain J. Nickerson, Haynes International

Selection Criteria for Refractory Linings of Incinerators and Acid Quench Units 589Peter A. Beaulieu, Harbison-Walker Refractories

Accelerated-Life Testing of Materials in Fluidized Bed Unit Environments 595N.R. Quick, EG&G Rocky Flats Inc.

Corrosion-Erosion of Heat-Resistant Materials in a LLRW Incinerator 601R.M. Mello and D.D. Pinkard, Scientific Ecology Group, Inc.; L. Albertin, Westinghouse Science andTechnology Center

Materials Solutions to High Temperature and Dew Point Corrosion Problems in Waste IncinerationSystems 607G.Y. Lai, J.L. Nickerson and A.I. Asphahani, Haynes International, Inc.

Materials Used in the 3M Incinerator 613John Pilney and George Gathje, 3M Corporation

A Comparison of Ceramic Barrier Filters and Scrubber/Bag Houses 617J.F. ZieversandP. Eggerstedt, Industrial Filter & Pump Mfg. Co.;E.C. Zievers, Universal Porosics, Inc.

DEMILLING I: ENERGETICS-CoChair: J. Byrd, Jr., U.S. Army Defense AmmunitionCenter & School; CoChair: J. Humphrey, Lawrence Livermore National Lab.

Department of Defense/Department of Energy (DOD/DOE) Research and Development (R&D) ofIncineration Techniques for Demilitarization 621John L. Byrd, Jr., U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center and School; James Humphrey, LawrenceLivermore National Laboratory

Thermal Treatment of High Explosives at Mason & Hanger/Pantex Plant 625W.E. Patterson and P.F. Phelan, Mason & Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc.

Developing a Testing System for Characterizing Emissions Produced During Open Burning/OpenDetonationof Energetic Materials 631MacDonald B. Johnson and Douglass P. Bacon, U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground

Department of Defense/Department of Energy (DOD/DOE) Research and Development (R&D) ofTechniques for Demilitarization 637EdAnsell, U.S. Army Chemical Material Destruction Agency

Design and Installation of a Waste Propellant and Explosive Incinerator 641Joseph S. Santos and Eliezer Martinez, U.S. Army

Incineration of Explosives in the Upgraded APE 1236 645David W. Ling, Mason & Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc.

Waste Propellant Incinerator Compliance Evaluation and Upgrade 649M Robert Guest and Robert J. McCormick, DRE Environmental Services, Inc.; Mark Sullivan, HerculesIncorporated

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES Il-Chain J. Schofield, Thermatrix;CoChair: K. Nakoaka, LLNL

The VAC*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption Process 657Carl Palmer and Robert L. Hemmings, Rust Remedial Services, Inc.

Thermal Desorption Experience in Treating Refinery Waste to BDAT Standards 661Bradford H. Miller, Separation and Recovery Systems, Inc.

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Evaluation of Radiant Heat and Indirect-Fired Thermal Desorption Processes to Meet BDAT onRefinery K-Waste 667Stephen N. Bone and Tarek Elnaggar, GDC Engineering Inc.

Unvented Thermal Process for Treatment of Hazardous and Mixed Wastes 671Paul A. Nelson and William M. Swift, Argonne National Laboratory

Design Features of a PCF for Treating Radioactive or Highly Toxic Wastes 679Max P. Schlienger and Richard C. Eschenbach, Retech, Inc.

Pilot-Plant Testing of IGT's Two-Stage Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic Agglomerating Combustor 683AmirRehmat and Michael C. Mensinger, Institute of Gas Technology; Teri L. Richardson, U.S. EPA

Experiences in Operation of Small Incinerators in Thailand 691P. Yamkate, K Visavakorananta, and S. Thaengtronjit, OAEP

DESIGN-Chair: B. Beckstrom, FB&D Technologies; CoChair: F.H. Sheridan, E.I. DuPont

Keeping an Incinerator Current with Regulations and the Market Place 695Clifford R. Goytowski, Ross Environmental Services, Inc.

Innovative Method for Sizing Plume Suppression System for a Hazardous Waste Incinerator 699Sachin Prabhu, Steve Kirslis and Prakash Acharya, IT Corporation

Design of an Integrated Hazardous Waste Management Facility for Mexico 707Peter J. Kroll, ICF Kaiser Engineers

The Design of a State of the Art Rotary Kiln Incineration System for the Alberta Special Waste TreatmentCenter 711J.D. Chilton, Chem Security Ltd; S.B. Greene, FB&D Technologies, Inc.

Integration of a Mixed Waste Incinerator in a new $350 Million R&D Facility 715Robert G. Wojtas, Glaxo Inc.

A Rx for Environmental Protection: Incineration Plus Heat Recovery 723Jiri Zak, and John F. Straitz III, NAO Inc.

EMISSION MONITORING-Chair: N. Bergan French, Sandia National Lab;CoChain M.D. Durham, ADA Technologies

Planned Validation Testing of 3M's Semicontinuous Metals Emissions Monitoring Method 729Steve Schliesser, Midwest Research Institue; J. Michael Osbome, 3M Company

A Technique to Continuously Monitor Metal Aerosol Emissions from Incinerators and Industrial ProcessVents 737William L. Flower and Lawrence W. Peng, Sandia National Labs; Michel P. Bonin, Insitec MeasurementSystems; Nina Bergan French, Howard A. Johnsen, David K Ottesen, Ronald F. Renzi andLindsey V. Westbrook, Sandia National Labs

A Discussion of Volatile Organic Compound Sampling and Analysis Using a Mobile GC/MS 741H. Yoest and T. Russell, Entropy Environmentalists, Inc.; M. Chu, D. Harvan, and Y. Tondeur, TriangleLaboratories, Inc.

Real-Time Measurement of Particulate and Vapor-Phase Toxic Metals in Combustion Gas Streams 749David E. Hyatt, Richard J. Schlager and Michael D. Durham, ADA Technologies, Inc.

On-line Monitoring of Incinerator Emissions 755ZhuoxiongMao, Jack C. Demirgian and Elizabeth Hwang, Argonne National Laboratory

Advances in Passive-Remote and Extractive Fourier Transform Infrared Systems 761Jack C. Demirgian, Cheryl Hammer, Elizabeth Hwang and ZhuoxiongMao, Argonne National Laboratory

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Uranium Effluent Testing for the Oak Ridge Toxic Substances Control Act Mixed Waste Incinerator 767/. T. Shor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; W. D. Bostick, D. P. Hoffmann andL. V. Gibson, Jr.,Oak Ridge K-25 Site; T. C. Ho, Lamar University

DEMILLINGII: CHEMICAL WEAPONS & ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES-CoChair: J. Byrd, Jr., U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center;CoChair: J. Humphrey, LLNL

The Chemical Stockpile Disposal Plant at Tooele 773TalalAli, Richard Yukawa, Arthur Bigley and Gerald Loose, The Ralph M. Parsons Company

Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS): M55 Rocket Disposal Performance 777Jean-Luc Ontiveros, Office of the Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization; Scott R. Macrae,The MITRE Corporation

Destruction of Chemical Weapons in Iraq . . . 783Kevin J. Flamm, United Nations Special Commission

Destruction of Waste Energetic Materials Using Base Hydrolysis 787T. Spontarelli, G. A. Buntain, J. A. Sanchez and T. M. Benziger, Los Alamos National Laboratory

Size Reduction of Energetic Materials by Fluid Jet Machining 793Gustav A. Carlson, Arthur L. Austin, Sang-Wook Kong and Keith A. Peterman, Lawrence LivermoreNational Laboratory; Binh Do, Mason and Hanger

Resource Recovery System 797Joseph R. Biagioni, Jr., GenCorp Aerojet

BEHAVIOR OF METALS-Chair: G. Hinshaw, Midwest Research Institute;CoChair: W. Schofield, DRE Technologies

Parametric Study of the Vaporization of Metal Species From Solids 805Robert G. Barton and JoAnn S. Lighty, University of Utah

Experimental Studies of Actinide Volatilities With Application to Mixed Waste Oxidation Processors 809Oscar H. Krikorian, Bartley B. Ebbinghaus, Ralph H. Condit, Martyn G. Adamson, Alfred S. Fontes, Jr.and Dennis L. Fleming Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Predictions of Metals Emissions From Hazardous Waste Incinerators and Comparison to Test ResultsFrom a Full Scale Facility 817R. G. Rizeq, D. W. Hansell, W. Clark and W. R. Seeker, Energy and Environmental Research Corporation

Parametric Testing of Metals Emissions From the Du Pont Experimental Station Hazardous WasteIncinerator 823Gary D. Hinshaw and Pamela S. Murowchick, Midwest Research Institute; Robert F. Oranzi, Du PontExperimental Station

Metal Emissions Testing From Hazardous Waste Incinerators 831Bill Hendricks and Keith Beach, Eli Lilly and Company

Pathways of Metallic Aerosol Formation and Emissions From Incinerators: Research Needs 837Pratim Biswas, Wen Yinn Lin, Chang Yu Wu, Timothy Owens and Jeff Ferg, University of Cincinnati

TRIAL BURNS AND COMPLIANCE-Chain D. Dalton, S J U . C .

R e g u l a t o r y A s p e c t s o f T r i a l B u r n P l a n D e v e l o p m e n t fo r I n c i n e r a t o r s , B o i l e r s , a n d I n d u s t r i a l F u r n a c e s . . . . 8 4 1Susan Schroder, PRC Environmental Management, Inc.

The Experience of a Hazardous Waste Incinerator Trial Burn 847F. Murray, H. Lee and S. Barber, Aptus, Inc.

xii

Trial Burn Execution for a New York State Hazardous Waste Management Facility Permit 853R. Cowley, B. Gallagher and B. Nee, Eastman Kodak Company; M. Hartmann, K NebelandM. Palazzolo, Radian Corporation

Performance Testing of a Rotary Kiln Incinerator 861Alfred Sigg, Von Roll Inc.

Strategy for Planning and Executing RCRA Trial Burns for Radford Army Ammunition Plant WastePropellant Incineration 869MarkJ. Sullivan, Hercules, Incorporated; Floyd L. Pfeffer, Diane S. Scher and Larry Morehead, DREEnvironmental Services, Inc.

Developing a Universal Operating Envelope for Worse Case Organic and Inorganic CombustionConditions 877Bryon D. Heineman, Environmental Protection Agency; Andrew P. Kruzic, University of Texas atArlington

Commercial RCRA Incinerator Waste Tracking and Recordkeeping Program 883GaryL. Metcalf, Greg Fleming, Mack Harris and Mike Munsell, LWD, Inc.

DEMONSTRATED APPLICATIONS-CoChair: M. Ho, Praxair;CoChair: P. Sadukhan, Jacobs Engineering

Co-Processing of Pumpable and Nonpumpable Sludges Through a Transportable Incineration System 889Christopher Young James Hyre and Katherine M. Andrews, Roy F. Weston

Control of Combustion Excursions in a Commercial Hazardous Waste Incinerator With Oxygen-BasedTechnology 895Peter W. Falcone, Rollins Environmental Services (DE) Inc.; Min-Da Ho, Praxair, Inc.

Hazardous Waste Incineration by AVR-Chemie in the Netherlands 901A. Ruijtenbeek, AVR-Chemie

HIM's Current Approach to Hazardous Waste Incineration in Germany: Recent Experiences at theBiebesheim Incineration Plant 905E. Schultes, HIMTECH; K. Conrady, HIM

The Design, Permitting, and Operation of a Transformer Decontamination Furnace 909H. B. KrenkelandR. W. Rama, Chem-Security (Alberta) Ltd.

Fluid Bed Thermal Processing at New Martinsville, West Virginia: A Case Study 915

James I. Myers and Mark W. Kuhlman, Miles Incorporated

AUTHOR INDEX 921

ATTENDEE LIST 925

Mil