t7 incineration
TRANSCRIPT
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Thermal Treatment/Disposal:
Incineration
Chapter 12
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Activity
Why use incineration?
What are the drawbacks?
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Regulations
Historical perspective
HW incinerators vs. cement kilns and light
aggregate kilns and industrial boilers andfurnaces
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General Schematic
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Other Thermal Processes
Plasma arc pyrolysis
Microwave discharge
Advanced electrical reactor In situ vitrification
Wet air oxidation
Supercritical water oxidation Calcination
Thermal desorption
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Classifications of Incinerators
Grate
Open rack
Stationary or moving
Air circulation
Large and irregular
wastes
Hearth Solid plate
Variety of waste
Suspension
Sand or alumina bed
fluidized with air
Relatively uniformfeed size
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Typical Process Flow Diagram
Waste
Storage
Pre-processing/blending
Incineration Flue Gas
Pollution
Control
Ash Stabilization
Landfill
Effluent
POTW
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3 Ts
+Excess O2
Combustion Requirements
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Typical Excess Air Reactions
CHCl+ O2
+ N2
CO2
+ H2
O+ HCl+
O2+ N2+ heat
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Flue Gas Quench
Cool to:
500 - 700oF for spray dryer
180oF for low-temperature equipment
Air or water
Concurrent or counter-current flow
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Air Pollution Control
Pollution:
Particulates (including 10 priority metals)
Acid gases
Systems
Wet
Dry
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Trial Burn
Test incinerator
Principal organic hazardous constituents
(POHCs) destruction and removal
efficiencies (DREs)
HCl
Particulates
CO
Metals
Dioxin and furans
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POHC DRE
At least 99.99% on all selected POHCs
during trial burn
100in
outinW
WWDRE
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HCl Emissions
Emission no greater than larger of
4 lb/h or 1% of HCl in stack gas
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Emissions Example
Example 12-2 (p. 746)
Does incinerator performance meet
requirements?
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CO Emissions
100 ppm by volume as a 60-minute rolling
average corrected to 7% O2
on a dry basis
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CO and Particulate Example
Example 12-11 (p. 804)
w
YY wetdry
1
dry
mcY
PP
21
14
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Combustion Efficiency
At least 99.99%
1002
2
COCO
CO
CC
C
CE
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Dioxin and Furan Emissions
0.4 ng/dscm
or0.0001%
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PCBs
At least 99.9999% DRE for liquid
Dwell time of 2 s at 1200 100 oC and 3% EA in stack
gas
OR
Dwell time of 1.5 s at 1600 100 oC and 2% EA in stack
gas
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Design
Example 12-7 (p. 765)