probe magazine vol 13 issue 7 (16-31 jan 2014) [fortnight]

8/9/2019 Probe Magazine Vol 13 Issue 7 (16-31 Jan 2014) [Fortnight]

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BNP caught in

govt trap ?

nterview Tribute

We have completelyrrendered

urselves to aarticular powerAsafuddowla

DhanmondiRevisited

Justice Kamal'spoliticalpredictions,posthumously

Probe Special

Issue: 07 January 16-31, 2015 Vol: 13


2/41

Edi!orial

Issue: 07 I January 16 - 31, 2015 I Vol: 13 I Page: 1

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9/41

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Te g'.e*&%e&, c$a!%+ ,a, ,ec'-&,*1 !+ %a#!&g +,*!de+ !&de.e$'(%e&,@ F'*%e* b-*ea-c*a,A+af-dd'/$a *e+('&d+ I /a+ a%e%be* 'f ,e P$a&&!&g C'%%!++!'&f'* a $'&g ,!%e@ N'&e 'f ,e f!g-*e+/!c ,e1 a*e +(*'-,!&g ab'-,de.e$'(%e&, !+ c'**ec,@ N'&e 'f ,e

+,a,!+,!c+ )-',ed b1 ,e g'.e*&%e&, !+c'**ec,@ Te1 a*e "-+, d!c,a,ed f!g-*e+@

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12/41

F'* e0a%($e !f ,e F!&a&ce M!&!+,e*+a1+ '-* GDP /!$$ be 9@5 !%%ed!a,e$1,e +,a,!+,!c+ de(a*,%e&, +e, ,' ,e ,a+#'f %a#!&g ,!+ 9@5@ Ye, ,!+ a+ $!,,$e ,'d' /!, 1'-* $!fe '* %!&e

Te*e a*e )-a*,e*+ ,a, be$!e.e ,a,beca-+e ,e (*e+e&, +,a,e 'f de%'c*ac1

!+ *!fe /!, .!'$e&ce ,e *-$!&g (a*,1%!&!+,e*+ $eade*+ a&d !&,e$$ec,-a$+!&,e&,!'&a$$1 f'c-+ '& de.e$'(%e&,*a,e* ,a& de%'c*ac1@ H'/e.e*A+af-dd'/$a d'e+ &', ag*ee@ He +a1+If de.e$'(%e&, c'&,!&-e+ !& ,!+%a&&e* ,e c'-&,*1 /!$$ cea+e ,' e0!+,@A& !&de(e&de&, +'.e*e!g& c'-&,*1 a+ce*,a!& ca*ac,e*!+,!c+@ We a*e +,ead!$1$'+!&g ,'+e ca*ac,e*!+,!c+@

He +a1+ Te*e !+ &' (*',e+, e*[email protected]*1da1 '&e '* ,/' (e'($e a*e be!&g+', dead a, ,e b'*de*@ Ha.e 1'- e.e*

ea*d ,e Ba&g$ade+ F'*e!g& Off!ce+-%%'&!&g ,e I&d!a& H!gC'%%!++!'&e* ,' +a1 /e a.e*e(ea,ed$1 a+#ed ,e #!$$!&g+ ,' +,'(1'- a$$ a.e e.e& ag*eed +' /1 d'e+,!+ c'&,!&-e Te1 d' &', a.e ,ec'-*age ,' +-%%'& !%@ Wa, +'*, 'f!&de(e&de&ce !+ ,!+

4 JAnuAry ElECTiOnSC'&ce*&!&g ,e 8 Ja&-a*1 e$ec,!'&+ e+a1+ ,a, ,e %a"'*!,1 'f ,e (e'($e d!d&', .',e a&d 1e, ,e (a*$!a%e&, /a+

f'*%ed@ Te*e !+ &' acc'-&,ab!$!,1 f'*,!+@ Te acc'-&,ab!$!,1 $!e+ /!, ,e.',e*+@ Te1 d!d &', c'%e ,' .',e@ I(e*+'&a$$1 d!d &', .',e f'* a&1'&e@ I d'&', e.e& #&'/ /' %1 MP !+@

W!$$ ,e c'-&,*1 c'&,!&-e $!#e ,!+M'a%%ad A+af-dd'/$a *e($!e+ N'c'-&,*1 ca& c'&,!&-e ,*'-g +-c ac*!+!+@ Ye, Ba&g$ade+ !+ ca**1!&g '&$!#e ,!+ a&d /!$$ c'&,!&-e ,' d' +'@

B-, ca& ,!&g+ c'&,!&-e f'* $'&g/!,'-, ,e (e'($e+ +-(('*, "-+,de(e&d!&g '& ,e b-*ea-c*ac1 a&d ,e

%!$!,a*1 A+af-dd'/$a *e+('&d+Te1 ca&&', de(*!.e ,e (e'($e a&d

+!%($1 de(e&d '& ,e+e e$e%e&,+@ Ta#e&',e 'f ,e c'&ce(, We a.e ,a#e&('/e*@ We a*e !& ('/e*@ We '$d('/e*@ S-c (*a+e+ a*e &'/e*e -+ed!& de%'c*ac1 a&1/e*e !& ,e /'*$d@

E.e& b1 %!+,a#e Oba%a /!$$ &e.e* +a1,a, e !+ !& ('/e*@ Ca%e*'& /!$$ &e.e*da*e +a1 I a.e c'%e ,' ('/e* a&d $!.ea, N'@ 43 D'/&!&g S,*ee,@ '* We a*e !&('/e*@ Te1 c'&+!de* +-c /'*d+-&c!.!$@ Y'- %-+, *e%e%be* !, !+ ,e(e'($e /' g!.e ,e ('$!,!c!a&+ ,e!*('/e* f'* ,e /e$fa*e 'f ,e (e'($e f'*(e'($e ,' $!.e !& (eace@ Ta, !+ /1 ,e1.',e@ S' ,e$$ %e /a, a+ ,!+g'.e*&%e&, d'&e '* ,e g'.e*&%e&,

bef'*e ,!+ '* e.e& ,e '&e bef'*e ,'a$$e.!a,e ,e (e'($e+ +-ffe*!&g+

He +a1+ Te g'.e*&%e&, ,',a$$1!g&'*ed ,e (e'($e a&d e$d a&e$ec,!'&@ F!&e b-, ,e& '$d a&',e*e$ec,!'& /!,!& ,*ee %'&,+@ Ta, 1'-d!d &', d'@ W1 a*e 1'- +ca*ed 'f ,e(e'($e If 1'- a*e +ca*ed 'f ,e (e'($e,e& 1'- d'&, a.e ,e *!g, ,' *e%a!&!& ('/e*@ Y'- a*e +ca*ed 'f ,e (e'($ea&d ,a, !+ /1 1'- a.e e.e&*e%'.ed ,e (*'.!+!'& f'* a*efe*e&d-% f*'% ,e C'&+,!,-,!'& +',a, (-b$!c '(!&!'& ca&&', be a++e++ed@Ye, 1'- ,a$# ab'-, de%'c*ac1 Te*e !+

&' de%'c*ac1 !& ,e /'*$d /!,'-,*efe*e&d-%@

M'a%%ad A+af-dd'/$a +a1+ I, !+&', f'* 1'- '* %e ,' dec!de /e,e*B!+%!$$a /!$$ *e%a!& !& ,eC'&+,!,-,!'& '* &',@ I, !+ ,e %a"'*!,1 'f,e (e'($e /' a.e ,e *!g, ,'dec!de@ Te!* '(!&!'& /a+ &', e.e&,a#e& !&,' c'&+!de*a,!'&@

nO quAliTATiVE DiffErEnCEBETWEEn Al AnD BnPA+af-dd'/$a be$!e.e+ ,e*e !+ &')-a$!,a,!.e d!ffe*e&ce be,/ee& A/a%!Leag-e a&d BNP a&d d'e+ &', ,!,!+ /!$$ ca&ge a&1 ,!%e +''&@ He +a1+I ea* !, ,a#e +!0 ,' +e.e& $ac ,a#a ,''$d a %ee,!&g &'/ada1+@ I& '-* da1 !,c'+, ,*ee -&d*ed ,a#a ,' *e&, a%!c*'('&e@ N'/ !, ,a#e+ ,'-+a&d+ 'fc*'*e+ 'f ,a#a ,' d' ('$!,!c+@ H'/ %-cd'&a,!'&+ ca& 1'- c'$$ec, I, !+ &',

('++!b$e f'* a (e*+'& 'f a&1 (*'(e*+,a&d!&g ,' c'$$ec, +-c %'&e1@ N'ge&,$e%a& '* $ad1 ca& ge&e*a,e +-c%a++!.e a%'-&,+ 'f %'&e1@ H'/ %-c%'&e1 ca& ,e1 a.e N'/ada1+ /eea* +-ca&d+-c ('$!,!c!a&+a&ce+,'*+ /e*e .e!i"da&' +'a&d+'+fa,e*!&$a/ /a+ a &ajah@ A$$ ,!+ !+ *',&',!&g 'f !, !+ ,*-e@ S' '/ ca&)-a$!,a,!.e ca&ge !& ('$!,!c+ c'%eab'-, B-, ,e*e !+ '&e +!g&!f!ca&,d!ffe*e&ce be,/ee& ,e+e ,/' (a*,!e+@Ta, !+ ,e %a,,e* 'f *e$!g!'-+ .a$-e+@

Te*e !+ a b!g d!ffe*e&ce be,/ee&A/a%! Leag-e a&d BNP /e& !, c'%e+,' *e$!g!'-+ .a$-e+@

DETErMinATiOn Of THE MAPA+af-dd'/$a e0($a!&+ /1 &' ,!*d(a*,1 a+ *!+e& -( be+!de+ BNP a&dA/a%! Leag-e@ He +a1+ O-**e$a,!'&+!( /!, I&d!a !+ a %a"'**ea+'& f'* ,!+@ We +e(a*a,ed /!,%-c d!ff!c-$,1 f*'% Pa#!+,a& !& 4::@ @;@ 5:;> @ ;:@. @;A 5 :;@ ;. * > ;A /> ; @ ; @


13/41

Paki'(a"@ Ye, 49 Dece%be* !+ ,ea((!e+, da1 f'* ,e +a%e %e@ Wa, a+,*a&ge c'-&,*1@ W1 !+ '-* %a( $!#e,!+ O-* %a( /a+&, +-(('+ed ,' be$!#e ,!+@ Be&ga$ /a+ '-* (*'.!&ce@ E.e&/!,'-, A++a% ,e %a"'*!,1 'f ,e('(-$a,!'& !& Be&ga$ /a+ M-+$!%@ Te

(*'.!&ce a$$'ca,!'& /a+ d'&e '& ,eba+!+ 'f %a"'*!,1@ S' /1 /a+ Be&ga$&', g!.e& ,' Pa#!+,a& Te +'-*ce 'feac a&d e.e*1 '&e 'f '-* *!.e*+ !+ !&I&d!a@ Te*e a+ bee& &' +-c (a*,!,!'&a&1/e*e e$+e !& ,e /'*$d@ T!+!&"-+,!ce a+ bee& ,e*e +!&ce ,e&@

Te ge'g*a(!ca$ b'-&da*!e+(*e+e&,$1 be,/ee& Pa#!+,a& I&d!a a&dBa&g$ade+ /!$$ &', *e%a!& $!#e ,!+@Te*e /!$$ be ca&ge@ O&e ca&&', +a1 !&ad.a&ce /a, ,!+ ca&ge /!$$ be@ I fee$

,a, ,e (*e+e&, b'-&da*!e+ a*e &', ,ef!&a$ '&e+@ Te*e /!$$ be &e/

b'-&da*!e+@frEEDOM Of SPEECHW1 d!d 1'- )-e+,!'& /e,e*!&de(e&de&ce ac,-a$$1 a+ bee&ac!e.ed A+af-dd'/$a +a1+ Te

a((!&e++ /!c +/e$$ed !& %1 ea*,'& 49 Dece%be* aba,ed ,e .e*1 &e0,da1 4: Dece%be*@ O-* a((!&e++f$a*ed -( $!#e f!*e/'*#+ a&de0,!&g-!+ed !& &' ,!%e a, a$$@I&de(e&de&ce /a+ ,e *e+-$, 'f ,e+,*-gg$e 'f :8 %!$$!'& (e'($e 'f ,ee*+,/!$e Ea+, Pa#!+,a&@ Te +,*-gg$e/a+ a +-cce++@ I, /a+ ,e fa*%e*+/'*#e*+ *!c#+a//a$$a+ ,eace*++,-de&,+ g'.e*&%e&, e%($'1ee+(*!.a,e +e*.!ce '$de*+ /' ga.e ,e!*$!.e+ !& ,e /a*@ D!d a&1 'f ,e% ge,

'&'-*ed f'* ,e $!be*a,!'& /a*A/a%! Leag-e c$a!%+ ,e1 /e*e ,e'&e+ /' f'-g, ,e /a*@ I, !+ ,e!*c'&,*!b-,!'& ,e1 c$a!%@

I, !+ ,e fa!$-*e 'f $eade*+!( ,a, a+b*'-g, ,e c'-&,*1 ,' ,!+ +,a,e ,'da1@J-+, a+ I a% af*a!d 'f +a1!&g ,!+ ,'da11'- /!$$ be af*a!d 'f (*!&,!&g !,@ TeC'&+,!,-,!'& +(ea#+ 'f f*eed'% 'f+(eec b-, /e*e !+ f*eed'% 'f+(eec T!+ !+ a ,',a$ d!c,a,'*+!(@

Y'- a.e c*!,!c!+ed ,e g'.e*&%e&, a$', !& ,e TV ,a$#+ +'/+@ Ha.e 1'-

faced a&1 (*'b$e%+ A+af-dd'/$a*e($!e+ I -+ed ,' g' ,' ,a$# +'/+ b-,&'/ &' %'*e@ Te *ea+'& f'* ,!+ !+,a, beca-+e I +(ea# a, ,e ,a$# +'/+ Ia.e &'/ bee& a+#ed ,' (*'d-ce %1!&c'%e ,a0 *e,-*&+ 'f ,e $a+, 68 1ea*+@Y'- ca& a.e *e,-*&+ 'f ,*ee 1ea*+ &','f 68 1ea*+@ Te& aga!& %1 da-g,e*

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14/41

faced (*e++-*e@ Se /a+ ,e De(-,1A,,'*&e1 Ge&e*a$@ Se /a+ ,'$d +e/'-$d a.e (*'b$e%+ /!, e* "'b

beca-+e 'f %e@ Se /a+ f'*ced ,' $ea.ee* "'b@ M1 +'& /a+ ,e CEO 'f ac'%(a&1@ Te '/&e* 'f ,e c'%(a&1/a+ (*e++-*!+ed !&,' d!+%!++!&g %1

+'&@ Te1 ad ,' ca**1 '-, ,eg'.e*&%e&,+ '*de*+@ M1 da-g,e* a&d%1 +'& $'+, ,e!* "'b+ beca-+e 'f %1/'*d+@ B', ,e+e !&c!de&,+ a((e&edd-*!&g Ha+!&a+ g'.e*&%e&,@ If I a.ec'%%!,,ed a&1 /*'&gd'!&g (-&!+%e@ I, !+ a*d ,' bea* %1 c!$d*e&++-ffe*!&g+@

BNP a&d A/a%! Leag-e b', -+e-&&ece++a*!$1 f'-$ $a&g-age !&+(ea#!&g ab'-, Ba&gaba&d- a&d Z!a@T!+ &', '&$1 !&f$a%e+ ('$!,!c+ b-, a+(!,ced ,e c'-&,*1 !&,' -&ce*,a!&,1@

M'a%%ad A+af-dd'/$a +a1+

P'$!,!c+ /a+ &', $!#e ,!+ bef'*e@ T!+ !+-&f'*,-&a,e f'* Be&ga$!+@ Te $a&g-age

be!&g -+ed !& ('$!,!c+ !+ +!%($1 &',c!.!$@ I, !+ be+, ,' a.e +'%e dece&c1/e& *efe**!&g ,' ce*,a!& (e*+'&+@

PrOxiMiTy TO BAnGABAnDHuBa&gaba&d- /a+ .e*1 f'&d 'f %ee0,*e%e$1 +'@ I /a+ Sec*e,a*1 Wa,e*Re+'-*ce+ a, ,e ,!%e@ O& E!d da1 4


15/41

O

& ,e '&e a&d ,e BNP$eda$$!a&ce /a&,+ ,' f'*ce ,eg'.e*&%e&, ,' *e+!g& ,*'-g

,e b$'c#ade (*'g*a%%e a&d ,' a.ec*ed!b$e e$ec,!'&+ acce(,ab$e ,' a$$(a*,!e+@ O& ,e ',e* a&d ,e A/a%!Leag-e$ed a$$!a&ce +,a,e+ ,a, BNP !+ a,e**'*!+, a&d %!$!,a&, (a*,1@ Teg'.e*&%e&, a+ (*'fe++ed !,+de,e*%!&a,!'& ,' +-((*e++ !, b1 a&1%ea&+ e.e& /!, a*%+@ T!+ ('/e*+,*-gg$e !+ &'/ *e($e,e /!, .e&gea&cea&d .!'$e&ce be*ef, 'f a&1 ('$!,!ca$de%ea&'-*@ Te1 a.e *eaced a ('!&,'f &' *e,-*& a&d ,e e&,!*e &a,!'& !+e$d '+,age ,' ,e ba,,$e@ BNP a+ &'

!dea /e*e a&d /e& !,+ b$'c#ade(*'g*a%%e /!$$ e&d@ A+ f'* ,'+e !&('/e* ,e1 be$!e.e ,a, ,e1 ca& f!&!+'ff ,e!* ('$!,!ca$ '(('+!,!'& /!, b*-,ef'*ce@ Te1 a*e -&/!$$!&g ,' acce(, ,a,,e '(('+!,!'& ca&&', be /!(ed '-,/!, *e(*e++!'& +-((*e++!'& a&d a*%+@

D-*!&g ,e 45 da1+ 'f c'&,!&-'-+b$'c#ade f*'% 7 ,!$$ 49 Ja&-a*1 58(e*+'&+ a.e bee& #!$$ed b1 (e,*'$

b'%b+ f!*e a&d .!'$e&ce c$a+e+@ O.e*833 .e!c$e+ a.e bee& +e, '& f!*e a&dda%aged@ Te g'.e*&%e&, +!de b$a%e+

Ka$eda Z!a f'* ,e .!'$e&ce a&dde+,*-c,!'& beca-+e +e ca$$ed f'* ,e

b$'c#ade@ G'.e*&%e&, +-(('*,e*+ +a1+e +'-$d be ,*!ed@ H'/e.e* a$$ e*BNP$ed 53(a*,1 a$$!a&ce ad /a&,ed/a+ ,' $a/f-$$1 '$d a (-b$!c %ee,!&g!& Da#a '& 8 Ja&-a*1@ Te g'.e*&%e&,*ef-+ed ,' g!.e (e*%!++!'& a&d.!*,-a$$1 (-+ed ,e '(('+!,!'&,'/a*d+ ,a#!&g -( ,e b$'c#ade(*'g*a%%e@ Ta, !+ /e& a$$ ,e,*'-b$e +,a*,ed@ T!+ !+ c*1+,a$ c$ea* ,',e (-b$!c b-, ,e g'.e*&%e&, *ef-+ed,' acce(, ,!+@

Te b$'c#ade a+ .!*,-a$$1 c-, 'ff ,eca(!,a$ c!,1 f*'% ,e *e+, 'f ,e c'-&,*1@Te*e !+ a*d$1 a&1 ,*a&+('*, c'%!&g !&a&d '-, 'f ,e c!,1@ Te ec'&'%1 !+

g*ad-a$$1 g*!&d!&g ,' a a$,@ A&d 1e,,e g'.e*&%e&, g'e+ '& !&+!+,!&g ,a,e.e*1,!&g !+ &'*%a$@ If e.e*1,!&g/a+ !&deed &'*%a$ ,e& /1 ca&&',,e b-+e+ a&d ,*-c#+ c'%e a&d g' f*'%,e c!,1 e.e& -&de* ('$!ce a&d BGBg-a*d W1 a*e !&&'ce&, (e'($e d1!&g!& (e,*'$ b'%b+ a&d f!*e S!,,!&g !& ,e+ea, 'f ('/e* ,e g'.e*&%e&, ca&&',e+ca(e *e+('&+!b!$!,1 f'* ,e (*e+e&,+,a,e 'f affa!*+@

Te *-$!&g (a*,1 c$a!%+ ,a, ,e1#e(, ,e c'-&,*1 !& (eace d-*!&g ,e

$a+, '&e 1ea*@ Te fac, 'f ,e %a,,e**e%a!&+ ,a, ,*ade a&d b-+!&e++ /a+

&', a, *e+, !& ,a, (e*!'d@ F'*e!g&!&.e+,%e&, a+ d/!&d$ed ,' &!$@ Te*ea+'& f'* ,!+ /a+ ,e c'&,*'.e*+!a$e$ec,!'& 'f 8 Ja&-a*1@ P*!'* ,' ,ee$ec,!'& P*!%e M!&!+,e* Se!# Ha+!&aa+ +a!d ,a, ,e 8 Ja&-a*1 e$ec,!'& /a+e$d +!%($1 ,' %a!&,a!& c'&+,!,-,!'&a$c'&,!&-!,1@ Se ($edged ,' '$d a&',e*(a*,!c!(a,'*1 e$ec,!'& af,e* ,a,@ O.e*,e (a+, 1ea* BNP Ca!*(e*+'& Ka$edaZ!a a$+' /a!,ed f'* ,e (eacef-$!%($e%e&,a,!'& 'f Ha+!&a+ ($edge@ Sed!d &', ,a#e -( a&1 +e*!'-+ %'.e%e&,@

C'%!&g ,' ('/e* ,e g'.e*&%e&,,''# -( a& a$$'-, (*'(aga&daca%(a!g& aga!&+, BNP !&+-$,!&g a&d!&+,!ga,!&g !, !& a$$ %a&&e*+ ('++!b$e@ I,/'-$d *!d!c-$e BNP a+ a /ea# (a*,1 a+(!&e$e++ (a*,1 a (a*,1 ,a, a+ bec'%ee0,!&c,@ I& ,e %ea&,!%e Ka$eda Z!a+e, ,' ,e ,a+# 'f +,*e&g,e&!&g e*(a*,1 a&d '*ga&!+!&g !, '&ce aga!&@ Se-+ed ,!+ ,!%e ,' ga!& +,*e&g,@ We&

,e g'.e*&%e&, &',!ced ,e %a++!.e(-b$!c a,,e&da&ce 'f BNP+ *a$$!e+ a&d(-b$!c %ee,!&g+ '-,+!de Da#a !, +a,-( a&d ,''# &',!ce@ I, ad'(,ed a ('$!c1'f *e(*e++!'& a&d '((*e++!'& aga!&+,,e '(('+!,!'&@ T!+ e0('+ed ,eg'.e*&%e&,+ %'*a$ ba*-(,c1@

I& '*de* ,' c$!&g '& ,' ('/e* ,eg'.e*&%e&, a+ bee& !g$!g,!&gde.e$'(%e&, '.e* de%'c*ac1@ Se&!'*$eade*+ 'f ,e g'.e*&%e&,a((*ee&ded ,a, !f Ka$eda Z!a /a+a$$'/ed ,' '$d a (-b$!c ga,e*!&g !&

Da#a +e /'-$d +!,!& ,e*e a&d e*+-(('*,e*+ /'-$d ,*'&g a*'-&d e*@Te1 /'-$d &', *e%a!& a, '%e '* +!,,!g,@ T!+ /'-$d a.e %ade !,!%('++!b$e f'* ,e g'.e*&%e&, ,' #ee(,!&g+ -&de* c'&,*'$@

P'$!,!ca$ a&a$1+,+ be$!e.e ,!+ fea* a+d*!.e& ,e g'.e*&%e&, ,' ,*1 a&da&&!!$a,e BNP@ I, !+ de,e*%!&ed ,'(*'"ec, BNP g$'ba$$1 a&d a, '%e a+ a&e0,*e%!+, %!$!,a&, (a*,1@ Ta, !+ /1 !,d!d &', (e*%!, BNP ,' '$d ,ega,e*!&g !& Da#a@ Te g'.e*&%e&,

%!&!+,e*+ MP+ a&d $eade*+c'&,!&-'-+$1 (*'.'#e a&d !&+,!ga,e ,e

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16/41

'(('+!,!'& a$$!a&ce +' ,a, !, ,a#e+ -(.!'$e&ce %ea&+ 'f (*',e+, *a,e* ,a&(eacef-$ (*'g*a%%e+@

A&d ,e '(('+!,!'& a$$!a&ce $eade*Ka$eda Z!a f!&a$$1 +,e((ed !&,' ,a,,*a( +e, b1 ,e g'.e*&%e&,@ W!,'-,a&1 (*e.!'-+ ($a&&!&g +e dec$a*ed

,e &'&+,'( b$'c#ade (*'g*a%%e@ Te'(('+!,!'& $eade*+ a&d ac,!.!+,+ a.e&' !dea /e*e !, /!$$ a$$ e&d@

Te '(('+!,!'& ('$!c1 %a#e*+ d' &',+ee% ,' *ea$!+e ,a, ,e c'&,!&-'-+

b$'c#ade (*'g*a%%e !+ a*d$1+-+,a!&ab$e@ Te1 a$+' (e*a(+ d' &',*ea$!+e a/ fa* ,e g'.e*&%e&, /!$$ g''/ a*+ !, ca& be !& ,e &a%e 'f-('$d!&g $a/ a&d '*de*@

Te (e'($e a*e fed -( a&d f*-+,*a,ed/!, ,e g'.e*&%e&,+ a-,'c*a,!c$!#e*-$e@ B-, ,e1 a*e a$+' a$a*%ed b1 ,e

dea,+ !& ('$!,!ca$ .!'$e&ce@ BNP a+fa!$ed ,' g*a+( ,a,@ BNP %ade a&',e*('$!,!ca$ gaffe b1 %a#!&g a& 'ff!c!a$+,a,e%e&, ab'-, ,e ('&e ca$$ 'f BJP(*e+!de&, A%!, Sa@ I, !&d!ca,e+ ,a,Ka$eda Z!a !+ de(e&de&, !& ce*,a!&!&e0(e*!e&ced a&d &'&('$!,!ca$ad.!+'*+@

A "'-*&a$!+, 'f ,e BNP !$# fee$+ ,a,Ka$eda Z!a g!.e+ %-c !%('*,a&ce ,',/' '* ,*ee (e*+'&+ /'+e $'1a$,1 a&d,*-+,/'*,!&e++ !+ )-e+,!'&ab$e@ I, !+

beca-+e 'f ,e% +e !+ ,a#!&g ad.!ce

f*'% !&e0(e*!e&ced &'&('$!,!ca$ad.!+'*+ *a,e* ,a& e0(e*!e&ceda&d+@ Te+e (e*+'&+ a*e a$+'*e+('&+!b$e f'* e* ('$!,!ca$de(e&de&ce '& f'*e!g& )-a*,e*+@ A+ a*e+-$, /*'&g dec!+!'&+ a&d fa-$,1+,*a,eg1 !+ ca-+!&g BNP ,' ,*!( a&d+,-%b$e *e(ea,ed$1@ Te "'-*&a$!+, +a1+BNP+ ('$!,!c+ a+ ,' g' aead /!, ,e(e'($e+ +-(('*, !& face 'f ,eg'.e*&%e&, agg*e++!'&@ Ka$eda Z!a%-+, -&de*+,a&d ,a, a$$ '*ga&+ 'f ,e+,a,e !&c$-d!&g ,e ad%!&!+,*a,!'& a*e

!& Se!# Ha+!&a+ c'&,*'$@ Te1 /!$$&', be ab$e ,' ,'(($e ,e g'.e*&%e&,/!,'-, ,e (e'($e+ +-(('*,@ Te1a.e ,' ad'(, %-c +*e/de* +,*a,eg1f'* ,e!* %'.e%e&,@

A, a "-&c,-*e /e& ,e b$'c#ade a+.!*,-a$$1 c*!(($ed ,e e&,!*e c'-&,*1,e %a"'*!,1 'f ,e (e'($e ad '(ed,a, ,e P*!%e M!&!+,e* /'-$d ca$$ ,e'(('+!,!'& ,' ,a$#+@ B-, a, ,e 45

Ja&-a*1 (-b$!c %ee,!&g a, S-*a/a*d1Ma!da& ,e P*!%e M!&!+,e* a&d ',e*%!&!+,e*+ a&d $eade*+ +(e/ed '-, .!$e

c'%%e&,+ '& Ka$eda Z!a+ (e*+'&a$$!fe a&d (*'.'#ed BNP e.e& f-*,e*@

O& ,'( 'f ,a, 47(a*,1 a$$!a&ce $eade*Ma!&-dd!& Ka& Bada$ +a!d ,a, BNP/a+ a ,e**'*!+, (a*,1 a&d ,a, !f&ece++a*1 ,e +ec-*!,1 f'*ce+ /'-$d+'', ,e ,e**'*!+,+ '-,*!g,@ Ma"@ Ge&A2!2 A%ed ead 'f ,e B'*de* G-a*d'f Ba&g$ade+ BGB a$+' dec$a*ed ,a,

a*%+ /'-$d be -+ed aga!&+, ,'+e*e+('&+!b$e f'* ,e b'%b b$a+,+@ S-c!&+,!ga,!.e *e%a*#+ '& ,e (a*, 'f ,eg'.e*&%e&, !&d!ca,e ,a, ,e*e !+ &'!&,e&,!'&a$ 'f a ('$!,!ca$ +'$-,!'& ,' ,ec*!+!+@ Te g'.e*&%e&, !+ +!%($1

de.!+!&g &e/ /a1+ a&d %ea&+ ,' /!(e'-, ,e '(('+!,!'&@

I&,e*e+,!&g$1 !, !+ ,e '(('+!,!'& ,a,a+ ca$$ed f'* ,e b$'c#ade 1e, !, !+ BNP$eade*+ ca*+ ,a, a*e be!&g +e, '& f!*e

b'%b+ a*e e0($'d!&g '-,+!de ,e!*'%e+ ,e1 a*e be!&g +', a, a&a,,e%(, /a+ %ade '& Rea2 Ra%a&+$!fe b'%b+ /e*e f'-&d !& ,e H!gC'-*, e0($'+!'&+ /e*e ca**!ed '-, a,,e '-+e+ 'f ,e "-dge+@ Wa, d'e+ a$$'f ,!+ !&d!ca,e N', %a&1 fee$ ,a,BNP '* A/a%! Leag-e ac,!.!+,+ a*ed'!&g a$$ ,!+@ I+ !, a %'.e b1 +'%ee0,a*&a$ f'*ce ,' de+,aba$!+e ,ec'-&,*1@ Te g'.e*&%e&, %-+, f!&d '-,/' a*e be!&d ,e+e +ec*e, +ab',age+@

Te g'.e*&%e&, fee$+ ,a, b1

#ee(!&g !, '-, 'f ,e 8 Ja&-a*1 e$ec,!'&,e1 effec,!.e$1 b*'#e BNP+ /!&g+@

Ta, /a+ ,e!* f!*+, *'-&d 'f .!c,'*1@Te1 &'/ ($a& ,' /ea#e& !, f-*,e* b1-+!&g ,e (*e.a!$!&g b$'c#ade .!'$e&ce,' (*'"ec, BNP a+ a ,e**'*!+, a&d%!$!,a&, (a*,1@ Te1 %a1 e.e& -+e ,e+!,-a,!'& ,' ($ace Ka$eda Z!a -&de*a**e+,@

Ta*!)-e Ra%a& !+ ,e!* &e0, ,a*ge,@Te1 a.e %ade eff'*,+ ,' b*!&g !%

bac# ,' ,e c'-&,*1@ BNP $eade*+ a&d/'*#e*+ a*e be!&g a**e+,ed e& %a++ea&d ($aced be!&d ba*+ +' ,a, ,e1ca&&', c*ea,e ag!,a,!'& /e& Ka$edaZ!a !+ a**e+,ed@ S' ,e '(('+!,!'&a$$!a&ce d'e+ &', e.e&,-a$$1 +,a&d ,'ga!& f*'% ,e b$'c#ade (*'g*a%%e@ I,!+ A/a%! Leag-e ,a, !+ *ea(!&g ,e

be&ef!,+@H'/e.e* ,e*e a*e )-e+,!'&+ a+ ,'

'/ $'&g ,e g'.e*&%e&, ca&

f'*cef-$$1 *e%a!& !& ('/e*.a&)-!+!&g ,e (e'($e+ *!g, ,' .',e@If ,e ('$!,!ca$ +,a$e%a,e !+ ,' be*e+'$.ed a&d de%'c*ac1 !+ ,' be*e+,'*ed ,e g'.e*&%e&, %-+, a.e ,'a**a&ge f*ee a&d fa!* e$ec,!'&+@ Te/e+,e*& c'-&,*!e+ a*e -&a((1 /!,,e 8 Ja&-a*1 e$ec,!'&+@ Teg'.e*&%e&, %a1 ($a& '& a**e+,!&gKa$eda Z!a +($!,,!&g BNP a&d ,e&'$d!&g a& e$ec,!'& ,' c'%e bac# ,'('/e*@ B-, !, !+ d!ff!c-$, ,' +a1 '/acce(,ab$e ,a, /!$$ be ,' ,e /e+,e*&

('/e*+@Te B*!,!+ H!g C'%%!++!'&e* ,e

US S,a,e De(a*,%e&, ,e E-*'(ea&U&!'& a&d ',e* /e+,e*& c'-&,*!e+a.e c'&de%&ed ,e a,,ac# -('&f'*%e* Sa,e M!&!+,e* f'* F'*e!g& Affa!*+a&d BNP Ca!*(e*+'&+ Ad.!+'* Rea2Ra%a& de%a&d!&g ,a, ,'+e*e+('&+!b$e f'* ,e !&c!de&, be a**e+,eda&d (-&!+ed@ Te UN a+ a$+'e0(*e++ed c'&ce*&ed a, ,e (*e.a!$!&g+!,-a,!'& !& ,e c'-&,*1@ P*!%e M!&!+,e*Se!# Ha+!&a %a1 &', f!&d ,!+

!%('*,a&,@ Se a+ ,-*&ed d'/&*e)-e+,+ ,' %ee, e* b1 ,e *ece&, (a+,US A%ba++ad'* Da& M'2e&a@ Se d!d&', acce(, ,e ag*!%' f'* ,e &e0,Ge*%a& A%ba++ad'*@ T!+ -&f*!e&d$1a,,!,-de 'f ,e g'.e*&%e&, /!$$ce*,a!&$1 $ea.e a &ega,!.e %a*# '& ,e%!&d 'f ,e /e+,e*& )-a*,e*+@ I, %a1&', a.e a& effec, '& Se!# Ha+!&a+g'.e*&%e&, a&d +e %a1 c'&,!&-e*-$!&g ,e c'-&,*1@ B-, !f ,e b$''d+edc'&,!&-e+ /' ca& g-a*a&,ee ,a,Ba&g$ade+ /'&, be $ef, '-, !& ,e c'$d

b1 ,e *e+, 'f ,e /'*$d !& ,e f-,-*e(*'ce++ 'f g$'ba$!+a,!'&@ n

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17/41

A1ea* af,e* ,e c'&,*'.e*+!a$(a*$!a%e&,a*1 ('$$+ ,ec'-&,*1+ ('$!,!ca$ +ce&a*!' !+

'.e*ea,ed a&d !+ $!#e$1 ,' ge, /'*+e !&,e da1+ ,' c'%e@ O& 8 Ja&-a*1 5347,e c'-&,*1 /!,&e++ed a %'c#e*1 'f a&e$ec,!'& !& /!c &e!,e* ,e c'%%'&(e'($e &'* ,e ('$!,!ca$ (a*,!e+ e0ce(,,e A/a%! Leag-e a&d ,e!*c'$$ab'*a,'*+ Ja,!1' Pa*,1 W'*#e*+Pa*,1 JSD I&- ,e +'ca$$ed&a,!'&a$!+, f*'&, (a*,!c!(a,ed@ Te*e/e*e &' (a*,!c!(a&,+ !& 487 +ea,+ '-, 'f633 +ea,+ 'f ,e (a*$!a%e&,@ Ha*d$1 ;43(e*ce&, 'f ,e (e'($e e0e*c!+ed ,e!*f*a&c!+e !& ,e *e%a!&!&g +ea,+@

Ne!,e* ,e &a,!'&a$ &'* ,e!&,e*&a,!'&a$ c'%%-&!,1 *ec'g&!2ed,e 8 Ja&-a*1 e$ec,!'&@ Ma"'*!&,e*&a,!'&a$ ('/e*+ a&d &a,!'&+ $!#e,e US UK Ge*%a&1 a&d Ca&adae0(*e++ed ,e!* c'&ce*& ab'-, ,e fa,e'f de%'c*ac1 !& Ba&g$ade+@ Te1-*ged a$$ ,e (a*,!e+ ,' +!, ac*'++ ,e,ab$e ,' *e+'$.e ,e!* d!ffe*e&ce+ a&d

f!&d a /a1 f'* a& !&c$-+!.e e$ec,!'&@ B-,+'%e ('/e*+ $!#e C!&a I&d!a a&d

R-++!a acce(,ed ,e 8 Ja&-a*1 e$ec,!'&f'* *ea+'&+ 'f ,e!* '/&@

Te C!&e+e a&d ,e R-++!a&a-,'*!,!e+ ac,ed '& (-*e$1 c'%%e*c!a$!&,e*e+,+@ C!&a %ee,+ ,e %a"'*defe&ce *e)-!*e%e&,+ 'f Ba&g$ade+@Rece&,$1 a dea$ /a+ +!g&ed /!, C!&a,' (*'c-*e ,/' +-b%a*!&e+ /'*,+e.e*a$ %!$$!'&+ 'f d'$$a*+@ Be!"!&g d!d&', face a&1 c'%(e,!,!'& !& +-c a b!g

b-+!&e++ dea$@ Te C!&e+e f!*%+ a.ea$+' bee& a/a*ded b!$$!'& d'$$a*(*'"ec,+ $!#e ,e Pad%a B*!dge a&d ,ec'a$f!*ed ('/e* ($a&, (*'"ec,@ C!&e+ee1e+ a*e a$+' f'c-++ed '& ,e dee( +ea('*, a, C!,,ag'&g@ C!&a a+ (*'('+ed+!g&!&g ,e F*ee T*ade Ag*ee%e&,FTA /!, Ba&g$ade+ (*'.!d!&g'(('*,-&!,!e+ f'* ,*a&+('*, 'f .a*!'-+c'%%e*c!a$ g''d+ 'f b', ,e c'-&,*!e+/!,'-, a&1 ,a0@ A((a*e&,$1 !, +'-&d+g''d b-, Ba&g$ade++ !&d-+,*!a$(*'d-c, ba+e !+ +' (''* ,a, ,e be&ef!,'f ,e FTA /'-$d g' !& fa.'-* 'fC!&a@

Te C!&e+e a-,'*!,!e+ a.e &',f'*g',,e& ,e $a+, BNP g'.e*&%e&,+

%'.e ,' '(e& a .!+a 'ff!ce 'f Ta!/a& !&Da#a ,' fac!$!,a,e a++$ef*ee ,*a.e$ 'f

b-+!&e++ (e*+'&+ ,' Ta!/a&@ Tea-,'*!,!e+ !& Be!"!&g *eac,ed +a*($1a&d ,e*%ed ,e %'.e a+ -&f*!e&d$1 a&df'*ced Da#a ,' '.e*,-*& ,e dec!+!'&@F'* ,!+ *ea+'& d-*!&g ,e c*-c!a$(e*!'d 'f ,e 5347 ('$!,!ca$ d*a%a ,eC!&e+e a-,'*!,!e+ d!d &', +,a&d

be+!de BNP@ A$,'-g bef'*e ,ec'&,*'.e*+!a$ 8 Ja&-a*1 e$ec,!'&C!&e+e +,a&d /a+ ,' +'%e e0,e&,+-(('*,!.e 'f ,e /e+,e*& ('/e*+ ,!+ca&ged '.e*&!g,@

BNP+ *e$a,!'&+ /!, R-++!a a.e&e.e* bee& /a*% beca-+e 'f I&d!a@D-*!&g ,e c'$d /a* e*a I&d!a a&dR-++!a +!g&ed a (eace a&d f*!e&d+!(,*ea,1 !& /!c !, /a+ +,a,ed !& be,/ee&,e $!&e+ ,a, b', c'-&,*!e+ /'-$d &',a.e /a*% *e$a,!'&+ /!, a c'-&,*1 &',f*!e&d$1 ,' ,e%@ Af,e* ,e ('$!,!ca$ca&ge'.e* !& 4


18/41

/a+ /'**!ed ab'-, ,e f-,-*e 'f a$$ &'&,*a&+(a*e&, dea$+ a&d ,*!ed !,+ be+, ,'+-(('*, A/a%! Leag-e+ *e%a!&!&g !&('/e*@

T'-g c$a!%!&g ,' be a ca%(!'& 'fde%'c*a,!c ad%!&!+,*a,!'& I&d!a #ee(+!,+ e1e+ +-, ab'-, ,e c'&,*'.e*+!a$ 8

Ja&-a*1 e$ec,!'& beca-+e !, be$!e.e+ ,a,A/a%! Leag-e /'-$d be+, +e*.e ,e!*

+ec-*!,1 a&d ',e* c'%%e*c!a$!&,e*e+,+@ Be+!de+ ,a, A/a%! Leag-ea&d ,e C'&g*e++ a$/a1+ %a!&,a!&c'*d!a$ *e$a,!'&+@ P*!%e M!&!+,e* Se!#Ha+!&a a$+' %a!&,a!&+ fa%!$1 *e$a,!'&+/!, ,e C'&g*e++ +-(*e%' M+ S'&!aGa&d!@ Af,e* ,e ('$!,!ca$ ca&ge '.e*!& ,e De$! ad%!&!+,*a,!'& I&d!a&('$!c1 ,'/a*d+ Ba&g$ade+ a+ &',

bee& ca&ged %-c a$,'-g ,eI&d!a& *-$!&g BJP !+ &', a((1 /!,A/a%! Leag-e+ *e$a,!'& /!, ,eC'&g*e++@

Ha.!&g b$e++!&g+ f*'% ,e ,/'+-(e*('/e*+ a&d '&e *eg!'&a$ ('/e*P*!%e M!&!+,e* Se!# Ha+!&a ,'$d+'/ed ,',a$ d!+*ega*d ,' ,e /e+,e*&('/e*+ '(('+!,!'& ,' ,e c'&,*'.e*+!a$8 Ja&-a*1 e$ec,!'& a&d +e a$+' ca&gede* ,'&e@ Bef'*e ,e e$ec,!'& +e ad,a, ,e ('$$+ +'-$d be e$d '& 8

Ja&-a*1 5347 f'* ,e +a#e 'fc'&+,!,-,!'&a$ c'&,!&-!,1 a&d ,e*eaf,e*d!+c-++!'&+ c'-$d ,a#e ($ace f'*!&c$-+!.e e$ec,!'&+@ Te *-$!&g a$$!a&cea+ +'/ed ,e!* -,,e* d!+*ega*d ,' +!,

ac*'++ ,e ,ab$e@ Te1 a*e &'/ +a1!&g,a, d!+c-++!'&+ '& ,e c'&+,!,-,!'& 'f

,e 44, (a*$!a%e&, c'-$d ,a#e ($ace a,,e e&d 'f 534;@ Te *-$!&g (a*,1 a+ca&ged ,e!* %!&d beca-+e BNP c'-$d&', %a!&,a!& ,e %'%e&,-% 'f !,+%'.e%e&,@ E.e*1,!&g ,-*&ed &'*%a$f*'% 9 Ja&-a*1 5347 /!c e&c'-*aged,e (*!%e %!&!+,e* ,' ca&ge e* +,a&ceab'-, %!d,e*% e$ec,!'&+@ Se !+c'&.!&ced ,a, BNP+ '*ga&!+a,!'&a$

/ea#&e++ /'-$d (*e.e&, !, f*'%f'*c!&g ,e %!d,e*% e$ec,!'& a&d ,a,+e /'-$d be ab$e c'&,!&-e ,!$$ 5354 '*

be1'&d@F*'% Da1 O&e 'f ,e c'&+ec-,!.e

+ec'&d ,e*% 'f ,e g'.e*&%e&, ,e*-$!&g (a*,1 !, +ee%+ a+ +,a*,ed ac*ac#d'/& '& BNP@ H-&d*ed+ 'f BNPac,!.!+,+ e!,e* /e*e #!$$ed '* f'*ced ,'d!+a((ea* !& ,e ('$!,!ca$ +ce&a*!'@ I,a+ bee& a$$eged ,a, +ec-*!,1 f'*ce+/e*e !&.'$.ed !& ,e (*'ce++ 'fe$!%!&a,!'&@ Te ('$!ce /e*e !&+,*-c,ed

,' a&d$e ,e BNP %'.e%e&, /!, a&!*'& a&d a&d ('$!ce d!d +'@ Ge&e*a$$1

ba,'& ca*ge a+ bee& -+ed ,' d!+(e*+ea&1 (*'ce++!'& b-, &'/ada1+ ('$!ce+!%($1 '(e& f!*e@ P'$!ce f!$e ca+e+aga!&+, +e&!'* $eade*+ 'f BNP a$'&g/!, g*'-&d $e.e$ ac,!.!+,+ b$a%!&g,e% f'* a&1 !&c!de&, 'f .!'$e&ce@

Te ('$!ce d!d &', e+!,a,e ,' +ee#*e%a&d 'f BNP ce&,*a$ $eade*+!&c$-d!&g !,+ Ac,!&g Sec*e,a*1 Ge&e*a$M!*2a Fa#*-$ I+$a% A$a%g!*@ Te

"-d!c!a$ %ag!+,*a,e d!d &', e+!,a,e ,'

g*a&, *e%a&d ,' Gae+e* R'1C'/d-*1 a +,a&d!&g c'%%!,,ee

%e%be* 'f ,e BNP@ D-*!&g ,e $a+, '&e1ea* ,e ('$!ce f!$ed +e.e*a$ -&d*edc*!%!&a$ ca+e+ aga!&+, BNP $eade*+ a&dac,!.!+,+ ,*'-g'-, ,e c'-&,*1@ Te&-%be* 'f +-c acc-+ed (e*+'&+ /'-$d

be a*'-&d a -&d*ed ,'-+a&d@

rEVEnGE AGAinST THE ZiAfAMily

Te g'.e*&%e&, ad &', *e+,*!c,ed !,+'(e*a,!'&+ aga!&+, BNP b-, a++!%-$,a&e'-+$1 ,a#e& -( a .e&gef-$'(e*a,!'& aga!&+, $a,e (*e+!de&, Z!a-*Ra%a&+ fa%!$1@ A, a f!*+, !&+,a&ce ,eZ!a fa%!$1 /a+ f'*ced ,' e.ac-a,e f*'%,e!* ca&,'&%e&, *e+!de&ce /!, ,eg'.e*&%e&, -+!&g ,e "-d!c!a*1@Be+!de+ a& !&+-$,!&g a&d +$a&de*'-+ca%(a!g& /a+ +,a*,ed -( aga!&+, $a,eZ!a-* Ra%a& a&d ',e* %e%be*+ 'f,e fa%!$1 acc-+!&g ,e% 'f be!&g!&.'$.ed !& c'**-(,!'&@ D-*!&g ,e

444 ca*e,a#e* g'.e*&%e&, (e*!'d ,ea*%1bac#ed g'.e*&%e&, f!$ed +e.e*a$


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19/41

c'**-(,!'& ca+e+ aga!&+, P*!%e M!&!+,e*Se!# Ha+!&a a&d BNP Ca!*(e*+'&Ka$eda Z!a a+ /e$$ a+ aga!&+, ,e ,/'+'&+ 'f $a,e Z!a-* Ra%a&@

Af,e* ,e f'*%a,!'& 'f g'.e*&%e&, !&533


20/41

We a*e fed -(@ Jaa&a*aBeg-% Bab$!+ /'*d+*ef$ec, ,e fee$!&g+ 'f %'+,

'f Da&%'&d!+ *e+!de&,+@ Da&%'&d!/a+ ,e f!*+, ($a&&ed *e+!de&,!a$ a*ea 'f%'de*& Da#a b-, &'/ !,+ *e+!de&,+

a*e -&a((1 /!, ,e +,a,e 'f ,e$'ca$!,1@Jaa&a*a Beg-% !+ a %e%be* 'f

Da&%'&d! O/&e*+ A++'c!a,!'&@ C!,1($a&&e* P*'fe++'* Na2*-$ I+$a% +a1+%-c !& ,e +a%e .e!& Te *e+!de&,+a.e bec'%e .!c,!%+@

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22/41

POST7SOViET CEnTrAl ASiA

We& ,e S'.!e, U&!'& b*'#e -( ab'-,58 1ea*+ ag' a &-%be* 'f &e/*e(-b$!c+ e%e*ged '& ,e /'*$d %a(@

Te ('$!,!ca$ !+,'*1 'f ,e+e *e(-b$!c+ a+ &',bee& .e*1 c'%f'*,ab$e '* (eacef-$@ Te +-dde&$ea( ,'/a*d+ f*eed'% /a+ &', %a,ced b1*e+('&+!b$e $eade*+!(@ C'**-(,!'& beca%e a(a++!'& /!, ,e *-$e*+@ P'$!,!ca$ ('/e* %adec'**-(,!'& ea+1 a&d ,' e&+-*e c'&,!&-!,1 'f

c'**-(,!'& a+ /e$$ a+ ,' +afeg-a*d ,e -ge/ea$, ac)-!*ed ('$!,!ca$ ('/e* ad ,' be-+-*(ed@ E$ec,!'&+ (e* f'*ce ad ,' be *!ggeda&d *e+-$,+ %a&!(-$a,ed@ Te (e'($e '* .',e*+/'-$d &', acce(, +-c *!gg!&g a&d%a&!(-$a,!'&@ I&.a*!ab$1 ,e*e /'-$d be('$!,!ca$ ,-*%'!$ a&d ('$!,!ca$ ag!,a,!'&@ Te*ec'-$d be ce&,*a$ $eade*+!( '* ,e*e c'-$d be!g$1 dece&,*a$!2ed a&d $'ca$!2ed $eade*+!(@ I&e.e*1 !&+,a&ce ,e 'b"ec,!.e /a+ $a!d '-, !&+!%($e ,e*%+ f*ee a&d fa!* e$ec,!'& $ead!&g ,'('(-$a* 'ff!c!a$ $eade*+!( f'* ,e c'-&,*1@

rOSE rEVOluTiOnO&e e0a%($e !+ Ge'*g!a@ P*e+!de&, Ed-a*dSe.a*d&ad2e ad a .e*1 ,!g, g*!( '.e* ('$!,!c+a&d ad%!&!+,*a,!'& !& !+ c'-&,*1@ B-, beca-+e'f !&eff!c!e&c1 a&d c'**-(,!'& %a&1 (a*,1$'1a$!+,+ defec,ed '.e* a (e*!'d 'f ,/' ,' ,*ee1ea*+@ Te &'&g'.e*&%e&,a$ '*ga&!2a,!'&+/!c /e*e a +,*'&g (!$$a* 'f +-(('*, f'*

Se.a*d&ad2e /!,d*e/ ,e!* +-(('*,@ F'*e!g&+-(('*, f'* ,e *eg!%e a$+' dec$!&ed f'*e!g&f*!e&d+ ca$$!&g -('& ,e g'.e*&%e&, 'f Ge'*g!a,' a**a&ge f'* (eacef-$ de%'c*a,!c ,*a&+!,!'&@A$,'-g %ed!a a+ a /'$e /a+ &', a&,!g'.e*&%e&, b-, '&e ,e$e.!+!'& ca&&e$ ca$$edR-+,a.!5 +e*.ed a+ a& a$$1 f'* ,e '(('+!,!'&%'.e%e&, !& ,e (*'ce++ !,+e$f +-ffe*!&g f*'%g'.e*&%e&,a$ '((*e++!'&@ I& J-$1 5334 a ('(-$a*a&c'* f'* ,e R-+,a.!5 &a%ed G!'*g! Sa&a!a

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OrAnGE rEVOluTiOnA&',e* e0a%($e !+ ,e O*a&ge Re.'$-,!'& !&U#*a!&e@ Te *e.'$-,!'& $a+,ed "-+, ab'-, ,*ee%'&,+ f*'% N'.e%be* 5337 ,' Ja&-a*1 5338@Te beg!&&!&g a((e&ed !& ,e !%%ed!a,e

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23/41

d!+'bed!e&ce +!,!&+ a&d ge&e*a$ +,*!#e+ /e*e'*de* 'f ,e da1@ O& bea$f 'f ,e (e'($e 'f ,ec'-&,*1 ,e '(('+!,!'& ('$!,!ca$ (a*,!e+de%a&ded f*e+ e$ec,!'& /!c /a+ -$,!%a,e$1e$d '& 59 Dece%be* 5337 /!,!& 68 da1+ 'f ,ef!*+, e$ec,!'&@ Te ('(-$a* ca&d!da,eY-+ce' ('$$ed ge&-!&e %a"'*!,1 a&d /a+

dec$a*ed ,e /!&&e*@ Te '*a&ge *e.'$-,!'&e&ded '& 56 Ja&-a*1 5338@

TuliP rEVOluTiOnTe ,!*d e0a%($e f*'% Ce&,*a$ A+!a !+ ,a, 'fT-$!( Re.'$-,!'& '* F!*+, K1*g12 Re.'$-,!'& b1/!c P*e+!de&, A+#a* A#a1e. 'f K1*g12+,a&a&d !+ g'.e*&%e&, /a+ '.e* ,*'/&@Pa*$!a%e&,a*1 e$ec,!'& /a+ e$d '& 5: Feb*-a*15338@ P*'P*e+!de&, ca&d!da,e+ /e*e dec$a*ed/!&&e* !& %'+, 'f ,e c'&+,!,-e&c!e+@ P*',e+,++,a*,ed a$%'+, !&+,a&,$1@ G'.e*&%e&, !&c*ea+ed!,+ !&,!%!da,!'& '& ,e '(('+!,!'& ('$!,!ca$

$eade*+@ P*',e+,'*+ de%a&ded *e+!g&a,!'& 'fP*e+!de&, A#a1e.@ Te*e /e*e *e('*,+ 'f a*+'&

bea,!&g+ %a++ a**e+,+ a&d dea,@ Ma&1'*ga&!2a,!'&+ /!c /e*e e*e,'f'*e &e-,*a$ '*a('$!,!ca$ "'!&ed a&d+ /!, ,e %a!&'(('+!,!'&@ Te !&,e*&a,!'&a$ c'%%-&!,1!&c*ea+ed ,e!* c'&ce*& a&d de%a&ded f*e+e$ec,!'&@ O& 5 Ma*c 5338 P*e+!de&, A#a1e.add*e++ed ,e (a*$!a%e&,@ O-, 'f :4 de(-,!e+ 43*ef-+ed ,' a,,e&d a&d e0(*e++ed +'$!da*!,1 /!,,e '(('+!,!'&@ A+ ('$!,!ca$ ag!,a,!'& !&c*ea+edP*e+!de&, A#a1e. beca%e %'*e a&d %'*e!&,'$e*a&, 'f !+ c'$$eag-e+ /' ad.'ca,ed

&eg',!a,!'& a&d (eace@ N',!&g c'-$d a++-age,e ea,ed +!,-a,!'&@ I& ,e face 'f ,*e%e&d'-+('$!,!ca$ .!'$e&ce A#a1e. f$ed a/a1 f*'% ,ec'-&,*1 /!, !+ fa%!$1 '& 57 Ma*c 5338@ TeT-$!( Re.'$-,!'& e&ded /!,!& da1+@

MArCOS Of PHiliPPinESM-c ea*$!e* ,a& ,e R'+e '* ,e O*a&ge '* ,eT-$!( Re.'$-,!'&+ !& Ce&,*a$ A+!a ,e*e /a+ ,ePe'($eP'/e*Re.'$-,!'& !& ,e P!$!((!&e+@ I&,e %!de!g,!e+ P*e+!de&, Fe*d!&a&d Ma*c'+ 'f,e P!$!((!&e+ /a+ f'*ced ,' )-!, ('/e*@ Head bee& b-,,*e++ed a&d (a,*'&!2ed b1

A%e*!ca& ad%!&!+,*a,!'& f'* &-%be* 'f 1ea*+@A%e*!ca &eeded f*!e&d$1 ad%!&!+,*a,!'& !& ,eP!$!((!&e+ f'* %'*e ,a& '&e *ea+'&@ A, ,e,!%e 'f Ma*c'++ f!&a$ c*!+!+ A%e*!ca&+(*'.!ded f'-* $a*ge e$!c'(,e*+ f'* Ma*c'+ !+fa%!$1 a&d c$'+e'&e+ !& ,e (*e+!de&,!a$ (a$ace,' e+ca(e@ T*ee 1ea*+ $a,e* Ma*c'+ d!ed !&Ha/a!!@ Ma*c'+ ad bee& e$ec,ed P*e+!de&, f'*,e f!*+, ,!%e !& 4


24/41

BNP a&d ,e ',e*+ !& ,e *ace f'* *eab!$!,a,!'&@A/a%! Leag-e /a&,ed ,' c*ea,e &e/ f*!e&d+@A/a%! Leag-e dec!ded ,' ,a#e (a*, !& ,e f!*+,(a*$!a%e&,a*1 e$ec,!'& -&de* E*+ad !& 4


25/41

He +('#e 'f '/ d'/& ,e 1ea*+ +!&ce ,e!&de(e&de&ce 'f Ba&g$ade+,a%(e*!&g /!, ,e e$ec,!'&+ ad bee&

a& -g$1 (*ac,!ce f'* g*abb!&g ('/e* +!&ce 4


26/41

-&de%'c*a,!c !&,e*fe*e&ce /!, ,e &'*%a$c'&+,!,-,!'&a$ (*'ce++ ga!&+ g*'-&d@ Ta, !+'/ ,e M'ee&-dd!&Fa#*-dd!& c'%b!&e*-$ed ,e c'-&,*1 !$$eg!,!%a,e$1 a&d-&de%'c*a,!ca$$1 f'* ,/' 1ea*+ /!,'-, a&1+a&c,!'& 'f ,e C'&+,!,-,!'&@ H'/e.e* ,ege&e*a$ e$ec,!'& 'f 533; !&+,a$$ed A/a%!Leag-e ,' ('/e* /!, %'*e ,a& ,*eef'-*,+%a"'*!,1@

Te )-e+,!'& /a+ /e,e* ,e '$d ca*e,a#e*+1+,e% /'-$d c'&,!&-e '* &',@ O& 57 Ma1 5344,e S-(*e%e C'-*, *-$ed ,a, ,e ca*e,a#e*

g'.e*&%e&, /a+ -&c'&+,!,-,!'&a$ b-, ,e &e0,,/' ge&e*a$ e$ec,!'&+ c'-$d be e$d -&de* ,e'$d ca*e,a#e* +1+,e% /!,'-, ,e *e,!*ed "-dge+a+ c'%('&e&,+ 'f ,e ca*e,a#e* g'.e*&%e&,@Ta, /a+ ,e ,!%e /e& ,e g'.e*&%e&, '-g,,' a.e e&,e*ed !&,' %ea&!&gf-$ d!a$'g-e /!,,e '(('+!,!'& '/e.e* +%a$$ ,e!**e(*e+e&,a,!'& /a+ !& (a*$!a%e&, a&d +e,,$e ,e!++-e '&ce a&d f'* a$$@

Te +(ec!a$ c'%%!,,ee +e, -( b1 ,e(a*$!a%e&, eaded b1 Sa"eda C'/d-*1 MP,' $''# !&,' .a*!'-+ a*ea+ 'f c'&+,!,-,!'&a$ca&ge+ d!d &', *ec'%%e&d ,e ab'$!,!'& 'f ,eca*e,a#e* g'.e*&%e&,@ B-, /e& ,e +(ec!a$c'%%!,,ee %e, ,e !&c-%be&, P*!%e M!&!+,e*a&d +-b%!,,ed !,+ *e('*, '&$1 '&e (e*+'&+,*'&g$1 e$d ,a, ,e ca*e,a#e* g'.e*&%e&,%-+, g'@ I, /a+ !+e* +'$e /!+ ,a,de,e*%!&ed ,e fa,e 'f a& !&,e*!% g'.e*&%e&,d-*!&g ,e e$ec,!'& (e*!'d@

Ca& a&1'&e !& !+ +e&+e+ e0(ec, ,a, ,e

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/!$$ +,'( +'*, 'f ac!e.!&g ,e +a%e g'a$/a,e.e* be ,e +ac*!f!ce+ a&d a*d+!(+ 'f ,e('(-$a,!'&@

I d'&, be$!e.e ,e*e ca& be a d!a$'g-ebe,/ee& ,e g'.e*&%e&, a&d ,e '(('+!,!'& fa*$e++ a %ea&!&gf-$ d!a$'g-e@ We& +'%e'&e/a&,+ ,' (e*(e,*a,e !%+e$fe*+e$f !& ('/e**ega*d$e++ 'f ,e c'&+e)-e&ce+ !, !+ !d$e ,'e0(ec, ,e c'&+!de*a,!'& 'f a*d+!( a&d+e,bac# f*'% ,e '(('+!,!'& e!,e*@ I, !+ %'*e(*ag%a,!c f'* ,e c'-&,*1 a&d ,e c'-&,*1%e&,' b*ace ,e%+e$.e+ f'* a +-+,a!&ed (e*!'d 'f.!'$e&ce ('$!ce ,'*,-*e a&d b*-,a$!,1 $'++ 'f$!.e+ a&d (*'(e*,1 a&d a$$ ,a, g'e+ /!, ,!+f'* a& !&def!&!,e (e*!'d ,!$$ ,e !++-e !+ +e,,$ed '&,e +,*ee,+@ n

Trib"!e


earl# childhood, 1936, cooch Bihar, india at the old age

aS a PractiSing BarriSter at la! in the Si"tieS, dhaka


27/41

Te &a,!'& *ece&,$1 'b+e*.ed Beg-%R'#e1a Da1 ,' c'%%e%'*a,e e**e.'$-,!'&a*1 *'$e !& ad.a&c!&g ,e ca-+e+

'f /'%e& !& ,!+ +-bc'&,!&e&,@ I, /a+ +e /',''# ,e f!*+, +,e( f'* a/a#e&!&g ,e M-+$!%/'%e&f'$# !& ,e B*!,!+ I&d!a ,*'-ged-ca,!'& !& a& ad.e*+e e&.!*'&%e&,@

Beg-% R'#e1a Sa#a/a, H'++a!& 4;;3 4


28/41

/!, ,e e%(a+!+ '& ac,!.e (a*,!c!(a,!'& 'f/'%e& beca%e a c'&c*e,e age&da !& ,e f!*+,W'*$d C'&fe*e&ce '& W'%e& /!c ,''# ($ace!& Me0!c' C!,1 !& 4


29/41

effec,!.e&e++ 'f ,e!* (a*,!c!(a,!'& !+ e.e&/ea#e*@ Te .e*1 +%a$$ (*e+e&ce 'f /'%e& !&,e ('$!,!ca$ (a*,1 +,*-c,-*e+ a&d !& Pa*$!a%e&, !+!&d!ca,!.e 'f ,e .e*1 $'/ $e.e$ 'f ,e!*!&.'$.e%e&, !& ,e c'-&,*1+ ('$!,!ca$ a*e&a a+/e$$ a+ !& $eg!+$a,!.e (*'ce++@

O&e 'f ,e %'+, !%('*,a&, fac,'*+ /!c $!%!,/'%e&+ e&,*1 !&,' ('$!,!c+ !& '-* c'-&,*1 !+(a,*!a*c!c .a$-e +1+,e% ,a, d'%!&a,e+ !&+'c!e,1@ I& a %a$e d'%!&a&, .a$-e +1+,e%/'%e& a*e (*e'cc-(!ed /!, '-+e'$d*e+('&+!b!$!,!e+ /!c (*e.e&, ,e% f*'%ac,!.e$1 (a*,!c!(a,!&g ('$!,!ca$ (*'ce++@M'*e'.e* /'%e&+ e&,*1 !&,' c!.!c ac,!.!,!e+ !+$''#ed d'/& b1 ,e c'&+e*.a,!.e +'c!e,1 !&ge&e*a$ a&d *e$!g!'-+ a++'c!a,!'&+ !&(a*,!c-$a*@ C$a++ %'b!$!,1 a$$'/+ %'.e%e&,

be,/ee& *!c a&d (''* b-, ,e d!.!+!'& 'f +'c!a$+(ace a&d ,e d!ffe*e&ce !& bea.!'*a$ &'*%+

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(e*ce(,!'& 'f ,e!* ('$!,!ca$ *'$e c'-$d bee&a&ced ,*'-g ed-ca,!'& ,*a!&!&g

a/a*e&e++ ad.'cac1 e%($'1%e&, a&d $ega$%ea+-*e+@ Ma++ %ed!a a&d ',e* age&c!e+ ca& be-+ed ,' e$( %',!.a,e /'%e&@ Te*e !+ a &eed ,'d!++e%!&a,e %'*e !&f'*%a,!'& ab'-, ,e &eed f'*e)-a$ ('$!,!ca$ (a*,!c!(a,!'& 'f /'%e&@

Beg-% R'#e1a e*a$ded a &e/ e*a !& Be&ga$!/'%e&+ e%a&c!(a,!'& d-*!&g c'$'&!a$ ,!%e+@ I&

a c*!,!ca$ (e*!'d 'f !+,'*1 /e& a$$ /'%e&ac*'++ ,e +-bc'&,!&e&, /e*e be!&g c*-+ed-&de* ,e f'*ce+ 'f ,e B*!,!+ Ra" a&d ,*ad!,!'&a$+'c!e,1 Beg-% R'#e1a f'-g, aga!&+, ,e f'*ce+'f *e$!g!'-+ a&d +'c!a$ f'*%+ 'f *e(*e++!'& a&d!g$!g,ed ,e !++-e+ 'f ge&de* e)-a$!,1 a&d(a*,!c!(a,!'&@

O-* /'%e&+ '*ga&!2a,!'&+ +'-$d !%b!be ,e+(!*!, 'f Beg-% R'#e1a !& ,e!* ac,!.!,!e+ a&d+,*-gg$e f'* ge&de* (a*!,1 !& a$$ /a$#+ 'f $!fe/e,e* ('$!,!ca$ '* &'&('$!,!ca$@ I+$a% a+ a*e$!g!'& !+ &', aga!&+, /'%e& a&d ,e*e a*e+e.e*a$ /'%e& /' ($a1ed g*ea, *'$e !& I+$a%!c

!+,'*1 !&c$-d!&g B!b! Kadee"a '-* '$1(*'(e,+ /!fe a&d !+ da-g,e* B!b! Fa,!%a@

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We& Ma-$a&a Ba+a&! ,*!ed ,''$d a (-b$!c %ee,!&g '& 5

probe magazine vol 13 issue 7 (16-31 jan 2014) [fortnight]

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