principles of management chapter 13 gtu mba

7/31/2019 Principles of management Chapter 13 GTU MBA

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Communicationis the transfer ofinformation from a sender to a receiver,with the information being understood

by the receiver.


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The communication model provides anoverview of the communication process,identifies the critical variables, and shows

their relationships.


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Sender of the messageHis/her thought gets encoded

Use of a channel to transmit the message

Receiver of the message Reception, decoding, understanding

Noise hindering Communication Anything that hinders communication

Feedback in communication Situational & organizational factors


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Noise is anythingwhether in the sender, thetransmission, or the receiverthat hinderscommunication

For example: Encoding may be faulty because of the use of

ambiguous symbols. Transmission may be interrupted by static in

the channel, such as may be experienced in apoor telephone connection.

Inaccurate reception may be caused byinattention.

A noise or a confined environment may hinder

the development of a clear thought.


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To check the effectiveness ofcommunication, a person must havefeedback.


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Factors in the external environmentaffecting the communication process maybe educational, sociological, legal-political,

and economic.Geographic distance is another situational

factor.

The communication model provides anoverview of the communication process,identifies the critical variables and showstheir relationships.


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Downward communicationUpward communicationHorizontal communication (between

people on the same or similarorganizational levels)

Diagonal communication (between

persons from different levels who arenot in direct reporting relationshipswith one another)


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An ombudspersoninvestigatesemployees' concerns and provides avaluable upward communication link to

enhance effective upwardcommunication


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Written communication

Oral communication

Nonverbal communication


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Oral, written, using IT

Face-to-face communication

Group meetingsVideo-conferencing

Wireless, telephone, fax, voicemail, e-

mail etc.


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Lack of planning Unclarified assumptions Semantic distortion

Poorly expressed messages Communication barriers in the internationalenvironment

Loss by transmission and poor retention Poor listening and premature evaluation

Impersonal communication Distrust, threat, and fear Insufficient period for adjustment to change Information overload


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Selective perceptionpeople tend toperceive what they expect to perceive.

The influence of attitudethepredisposition to act or not to act in acertain way.

Differences in status and power

between the sender and the receiver ofinformation.

Information passing through several

organizational levels tends to bedistorted.


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See the eight guidelines in thetextbook that can help overcome

the barriers to communication.Analyze a situation using theguidelines

Listening: A Key to UnderstandingHow have you solved

communication problems in your

life?


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Use simple words and phrases. Use short and familiar words. Use personal pronouns (such as you)

whenever appropriate. Give illustrations and examples; use

charts. Use short sentences and paragraphs. Use active verbs, such as The manager

plans. Avoid unnecessary words.


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TelecommunicationTeleconferencing

A group of people interacting with each otherby means of audio and video media withmoving or still pictures.

Use of Computers for InformationHandling and Networking E.g. instant messaging shows whether a

friend or colleague is connected to theInternet; if connected, messages can beexchanged instantly.


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ESSENTIALS OF EFFECTIVECOMMUNICATION

If the sender is using multiple media & channels, thereceiver needs to pick up and understand both verbal& non-verbal parts of the message.

Issues of communication should be clearly separated

from other problems. If the communication involves speech, effective

communication requires active listening where thelistener reflects on what the other person has said,

interprets it without bias and is able to summarize it. Effective communication includes raising of

appropriate questions and probing by the receiver.

Effective communication provides for giving as well as

receiving feedback in the interest of accurate

principles of management chapter 13 gtu mba

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