Safety data for ammonia (anhydrous)

Click here for data on ammonia gas in student-friendly format, from the HSci projectGlossary of terms on this data sheet. The information on this web page is provided to help you to work safely, but it is intended to be an overview of hazards, not a replacement for a full Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). MSDS forms can be downloaded from the web sites of many chemical suppliers.

GeneralNote: This data sheet is for anhydrous ammonia, in other words, ammonia gas. If you want data for ammonium hydroxide (commonly called "ammonia solution"), click on this link. Synonyms: ammonia gas, nitro-sil, ammonia, R 717, spirit of hartshorn, STCC 4904210, OHS01050 Molecular formula: NH3 CAS No: 7664-41-7 EC No: 231-635-3 Annex I Index No: 007-001-00-5

Physical dataAppearance: colourless gas with a penetrating, suffocating odour Melting point: -77.7 C Boiling point: -33.3 C Vapour density: 0.89 g/l Vapour pressure: 0.597 Specific gravity: 0.77 Flash point: 11 C Explosion limits: 16% - 25%

Autoignition temperature: Water solubility: High

StabilityStable. Hygroscopic. Flammable. Incompatible with acids, strong oxidizing agents. May react violently with acids, aldehydes, alkylene oxides, amides, boron, boron halides, calcium, chlorine azide, chloric acid, chlorine monoxide, chlorites, halogens, heavy metals and many other materials - check the complete data sheet before use!

ToxicologyToxic by inhalation or skin contact - may be fatal if inhaled. 500 ppm is immediately dangerous to life or health. Corrosive - may cause serious burns. This material is extremely harmful to the eyes. Respiratory irritant. Typical OEL 25 ppm. ATSDR Minimal risk levels: Inhalation acute 0.5 ppm, chronic 0.3 ppm, oral 0.3mg/kg/day. Toxicity data (The meaning of any toxicological abbreviations which appear in this section is given here.) IHL-HMN TCLO 5000 ppm/5m IHL-RAT LC50 1000 ppm/4h IHL-MUS LC50 4230 ppm/1h Risk phrases (The meaning of any risk phrases which appear in this section is given here.) R10 R23 R24 R34 R50.

Environmental informationVery toxic to aquatic organisms.

Transport information(The meaning of any UN hazard codes which appear in this section is given here.) UN No 1005. Major hazard class 2.3. Subsidiary risk 8.

Personal protectionSafety glasses and gloves. Good ventilation. Safety phrases (The meaning of any safety phrases which appear in this section is given here.) S9 S16 S26 S33 S36 S37 S39 S45 S61.[Return to Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Lab. Safety home page.] This information was last updated on September 12, 2006. We have tried to make it as accurate and useful as possible, but can take no responsibility for its use, misuse, or accuracy. We have not verified this information, and cannot guarantee that it is up-to-date. Note also that the information on the PTCL Safety web site, where this page was hosted, has been copied onto many other sites, often without permission. If you have any doubts about the veracity of the information that you are viewing, or have any queries, please check the URL that your web browser displays for this page. If the URL begins "http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/" the page is maintained by the Safety Officer in Physical Chemistry at Oxford University. If not, this page is a copy made by some other person and we have no responsibility for it.

Safety data for ammonium hydroxide

Click here for data on ammonium hydroxide in student-friendly format, from the HSci projectGlossary of terms on this data sheet. The information on this web page is provided to help you to work safely, but it is intended to be an overview of hazards, not a replacement for a full Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). MSDS forms can be downloaded from the web sites of many chemical suppliers.

GeneralSynonyms: ammonia solution (typically contains between 12% and 44% ammonia before dilution), dilute ammonia, concentrated ammonia,

ammonia aqueous, ammonia water. [Data for ammonia gas, NH3, is available here.] Molecular formula: NH4OH CAS No: 1336-21-6 EC No: 215-647-6 Annex I Index No: 007-001-01-2

Physical dataAppearance: colourless liquid Melting point: Boiling point: between 38 and 100 C depending upon concentration Vapour density: 1.2 Vapour pressure: 115 mm at 20 C (depends on solution strength) Specific gravity: typically 0.9 (depends on solution strength) Flash point: none Explosion limits: 16 - 27% Autoignition temperature: 651 C

StabilityStable. Incompatible with copper, copper alloys, acids, galvanised iron, zinc, aluminium, bronze, dimethyl sulphate, mercury, alkali metals.

ToxicologyConcentrated solution is extremely damaging to eyes. Even contact with dilute ammonia solution can lead to serious eye damage. Toxic if swallowed; harmful if inhaled and in contact with skin. Very destructive of mucous membranes. Corrosive - causes burns. Lachrymator. Typical TLV 25 ppm. Typical STEL 35 ppm. Typical PEL 50 ppm. Toxicity data (The meaning of any toxicological abbreviations which appear in this section is given here.) ORL-RAT LD50 350 mg kg-1 ORL-MAN LDLO 43 mg kg-1 IHL-HMN LCLO 5000 ppm Risk phrases (The meaning of any risk phrases which appear in this section is given

here.) Annex I gives only R34 (causes burns) and R50 (very toxic to aquatic organisms) for concentrations above 25%; it specifies only R34 for concentrations between 10 and 25% and R36, R37 and R38 (irritant) for concentrations below 10%. However, concentrated ammonia is very harmful if splashed into the eyes, where it is likely to lead to serious permanent damage, so R41 should undoubtedly be specified for the more concentrated solutions. For these solutions of moderate concentration it would be prudent to include the following addition risk phrases: R20 R21 R22 R36 R37 R38 R41.

Environmental informationDangerous in the environment.

Transport information(The meaning of any UN hazard codes which appear in this section is given here.) UN No 2672. Hazard class: 8.0. Packing group: III.

Personal protectionGood quality safety glasses with side protection against splashes. Good ventilation. Do not work in the open laboratory with concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution. Safety phrases (The meaning of any safety phrases which appear in this section is given here.) S26 S36 S37 S39 S45 S61.[Return to Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Lab. Safety home page.] This information was last updated on March 29, 2007. We have tried to make it as accurate and useful as possible, but can take no responsibility for its use, misuse, or accuracy. We have not verified this information, and cannot guarantee that it is up-to-date. Note also that the information on the PTCL Safety web site, where this page was hosted, has been copied onto many other sites, often without permission. If you have any doubts about the veracity of the information that you are viewing, or have any queries, please check the URL that your web browser displays for this page. If the URL begins "http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/" the page is maintained by the Safety Officer in Physical Chemistry at Oxford University. If not, this page is a copy made by some other person and we have no responsibility for it.

Abbreviations used in Toxicity dataThe table below gives the main abbreviations which will be found in the toxicity data for chemicals listed on these (and many other) web pages.asn ast bcs bfa bmr brd bwd chd ckn CL clr ctl cyt D dck dlt dmg dnd dni dnr dns dom dpo emb esc eug eye fb fbr frg gm gpg Aspergillus nidulans Ascites tumor Bacillus subtilis body fluid assay bone marrow bird (domestic or lab) wild bird species child chicken ceiling concentration Chlamydomonas reinhardi cattle cytogenetic analysis day duck cominant lethal test Drosophila melanogaster DNA damage DNA inhibition nNA repair unscheduled DNA synthesis domestic animal (goat, sheep) Drcsophila pseudo-obscura embryo Escherichia cold Euglena gracilis administration into eye (irritant) fiber fibroblast frog gram guinea pig

grb grh H ham hla hma hmi hmn hor I ial IARC iat ice icv idr idu ihl imm imp ims inf ipc ipl ipr irn isp itr itt iu iut ivg ivn kdy kg klp L LC50 LCLo LD50 LDlo leu

gerbil grasshopper hour hamster HeIa cell host-mediated assay Haemophilus influenzae human horse, donkey intermittent intraaural International Agency for Research on Cancer intraarterial intracerebral intracervical intradermal intraduodenal inhalation immersion implant intramuscular infant intraplacental intrapleural intraperitoneal intrarenal intraspinal intratracheal intratesticular international unit intrauterine intravaginal intravenous kidney kilogram Klebsiella pneumoniae liter lethal concentration 50 percent kill lowest published lethal concentration lethal dose 50 percent kill lowest published lethal dose leukocyte

Liq lng lvr lym M m3 mam man ug umol mg mky mL MLD mma mmo mmol mmr mnt MOD mol mppcf mrc msc mul mus n/a ng nml nmol NOAEL nsc ocu ofs omi oms oin open orl ORM oth otr

liquid lung liver lymphocyte minute cubic meter mammal (species unspecified) man microgram micromole milligram monkey milliliter mild irritation effects microsomal mutagenicity assay mutation in microorganisms millimole mammary gland micronucleus test moderate irritation effects mole million particles per cubic foot gene conversion and mitotic recombination mutation in mammalian somatic cells multiple routes mouse not available nanogram non-mammalian species nanomole No Observed Adverse Effect Level Neurospora crassa ocular other fish other microorganisms other mutation test systems other insects open irritation test oral Other Regulated Material (DoT) other cell types oncogenic transformation

ovr par pg pgn pic pig Pk pmol post ppb pph ppm ppt preg qal rat rbt rec rns S sal sat sce scu SEV skn sln slt slw smc spm spr sql srm ssp STEL TC TCLo TD TDLo tes TLV

ovary parenteral picogram pigeon phage inhibition capacity pig peak concentration picomole after birth parts per billion (v/v) parts per hundred (v/v) (percent) parts per million (v/v) parts per trillion (v/v) pregnant quail rat rabbit rectal rinsed with water second salmon Salmonella typhimurium sister chromatic exchange subcutaneous severe irritation effects administration onto skin sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction specific locus test silkworm Saccharomyces cerevisiae sperm morphology sperm squirrel Serratia marcescens Schizosaccharomyces pombe short term exposure limit toxic concentration (other than lowest concentration) lowest published toxic concentration toxic dose (other than lowest toxic dose) lowest published toxic dose testis Threshold Limit Value

tod trk trn TWA unr W wmn Y

toad turkey heritable translocation test time weighted average unreported week woman year

[Return to Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Lab. Safety home page.] Last update February 17, 2006

Risk PhrasesChemical data sheets available in many countries now contain codes for certain "risk phrases", shown as R23, R45 etc. These risk phrase codes have the following meanings:o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

R1 Explosive when dry. R2 Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other source of ignition. R3 Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition. R4 Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds. R5 Heating may cause an explosion. R6 Explosive with or without contact with air. R7 May cause fire. R8 Contact with combustible material may cause fire. R9 Explosive when mixed with combustible material. R10 Flammable. R11 Highly flammable. R12 Extremely flammable. R13 Extremely flammable liquefied gas R14 Reacts violently with water. R15 Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases. R16 Explosive when mixed with oxidizing substances. R17 Spontaneously flammable in air. R18 In use, may form inflammable/explosive vapour-air mixture. R19 May form explosive peroxides. R20 Harmful by inhalation. R21 Harmful in contact with skin.

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

R22 Harmful if swallowed. R23 Toxic by inhalation. R24 Toxic in contact with skin. R25 Toxic if swallowed. R26 Very toxic by inhalation. R27 Very toxic in contact with skin. R28 Very toxic if swallowed. R29 Contact with water liberates toxic gas. R30 Can become highly flammable in use. R31 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. R32 Contact with acid liberates very toxic gas. R33 Danger of cumulative effects. R34 Causes burns. R35 Causes severe burns. R36 Irritating to eyes. R37 Irritating to respiratory system. R38 Irritating to skin. R39 Danger of very serious irreversible effects. R40 Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. R41 Risk of serious damage to the eyes. R42 May cause sensitization by inhalation. R43 May cause sensitization by skin contact. R44 Risk of explosion if heated under confinement. R45 May cause cancer. R46 May cause heritable genetic damage. R47 May cause birth defects R48 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure. R49 May cause cancer by inhalation. R50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms. R51 Toxic to aquatic organisms. R52 Harmful to aquatic organisms. R53 May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R54 Toxic to flora. R55 Toxic to fauna. R56 Toxic to soil organisms. R57 Toxic to bees. R58 May cause long-term adverse effects in the environment. R59 Dangerous to the ozone layer. R60 May impair fertility. R61 May cause harm to the unborn child.

o o o o o o o

R62 Risk of impaired fertility. R63 Possible risk of harm to the unborn child. R64 May cause harm to breastfed babies. R65 Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed. R66 Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking. R67 Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. R68 Possible risk of irreversible effects.

It is current safety policy at Oxford University that a written COSHH assessment must be provided when a substance to be used has been assigned any of the risk phrases R42, R43, R45, R46, R48, R49, R60 or R61. Other hazards may also dictate the preparation of a suitable COSHH assessment.[Return to Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Lab. Safety home page.] This information was last updated on February 17, 2006. We have tried to make it as accurate and useful as possible, but can take no responsibility for its use, misuse, or accuracy. We have not verified this information, and cannot guarantee that it is up-to-date.

Glossary Definition - UN Hazard CodesUN Hazard codes

Class 1 Explosive o 1.1 Substances with a mass explosion hazard o 1.2 Substances which present a projection hazard but no mass explosion hazard o 1.3 Substances which present both a fire hazard and a minor blast or projection hazard (or both) but not a mass explosion hazard o 1.4 No significant hazard o 1.5 Very insensitive substances with a mass explosion hazard o 1.6 Very insensitive articles with no mass explosion hazard Class 2 Gases o 2.1 Flammable gases o 2.2 Non-flammable, non-toxic gases o 2.3 Toxic gases Class 3 Flammable liquids Class 4 Flammable solids

4.1 Flammable solids, self-reactive substances and solid desensitized explosives o 4.2 Materials liable to spontaneous combustion o 4.3 Substances which, in contact with water, release flammable gases Class 5. Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides o 5.1 Oxidizing agents o 5.2 Organic peroxides Class 6 Toxic and infectious substances o 6.1 Toxic substances o 6.2 Infectious substances Class 7 Radioactive substances and articles Class 8 Corrosive substances Class 9 Miscellaneous dangerous substanceso

See also Packing Group. Return to the Safety Glossary. Return to the Safety home page of the Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University.

EC Safety PhrasesUnder EC legislation, data sheets available in the UK now contain codes for certain "safety phrases", shown as S1, S17 etc. These phrases are also extensively used elsewhere in the world. Safety phrase codes have the following meanings:o o o o o o o o o o o o

S1 Keep locked up. S2 Keep out of the reach of children. S3 Keep in a cool place. S4 Keep away from living quarters. S5 Keep contents under ... (there follows the name of a liquid). S6 Keep under ... (there follows the name of an inert gas). S7 Keep container tightly closed. S8 Keep container dry. S9 Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S12 Do not keep the container sealed. S13 Keep away from food, drink and animal foodstuffs. S14 Keep away from ... (a list of incompatible materials will follow).

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

S15 Keep away from heat. S16 Keep away from sources of ignition. S17 Keep away from combustible material. S18 Handle and open container with care. S20 When using, do not eat or drink. S21 When using do not smoke. S22 Do not breathe dust. S23 Do not breathe vapour. S24 Avoid contact with skin. S25 Avoid contact with eyes. S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S27 Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. S28 After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soapsuds. S29 Do not empty into drains. S30 Never add water to this product. S33 Take precautionary measures against static discharges. S35 This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way. S36 Wear suitable protective clothing. S37 Wear suitable gloves. S38 In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. S39 Wear eye / face protection. S40 To clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material, use .... (there follows suitable cleaning material). S41 In case of fire and / or explosion do not breathe fumes. S42 During fumigation / spraying wear suitable respiratory equipment. S43 In case of fire use ... (there follows the type of fire-fighting equipment to be used.) S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S46 If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. S47 Keep at temperature not exceeding... S48 To be kept wet with (there follows a material name). S49 Keep only in the original container. S50 Do not mix with ... S51 Use only in well ventilated areas.

o o o o o o o o

S52 Not recommended for interior use on large surface areas. S53 Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. S56 Dispose of this material and its container at hazardous or special waste collection point. S57 Use appropriate container to avoid environmental contamination. S59 Refer to manufacturer / supplier for information on recovery / recycling. S60 This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S61 Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S62 If swallowed, do not induce vomitting; seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.

[Return to Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Lab. Safety home page.]

This information was last updated on December 16, 2003. We have tried to make it as accurate and useful as possible, but can take no responsibility for its use, misuse, or accuracy. We have not verified this information, and cannot guarantee that it is up-to-date.

Comenius - European Cooperation on School Education

Hands-on Science (H-Sci) Project: Chemical Safety Database

Chemical Safety Data: Ammonia (gas)

Common synonyms Formula

. NH3 Form: colourless gas Stability: Stable, flammable Melting point: -77 C Boiling point: -33 C Vapour density: 0.89 g/l Flash point: 11 C Explosion limits: 16% - 25% *** Ammonia gas is very harmful, and may be fatal, if you inhale it. A level of just 500 ppm (that is, 1 part in 2,000) of ammonia in air is potentially fatal. *** Ammonia dissolves readily in water to give a very corrosive solution. This solution can cause serious burns to the skin or eyes. *** Ammonia is an environmental pollutant. *** Ammonia has a high reactivity, and may react enthusiastically or violently with some materials, including acids and aldehydes. Wear safety glasses. It is essential that you work in a well ventilated area, normally a fume cupboard. Ammonia is extremely soluble in water (you may have come across the "ammonia fountain" demonstration that illustrates this), so care must be taken to avoid the problem of water sucking back into the source of the gas. Eye contact: Immediately flush the eye with water. Exposure to ammonia vapour may cause serious eye damage, so call for medical help. Skin contact: Wash off with soap and water. If there are any signs of skin damage, call for first aid. If inhaled: Call for immediate medical help. Where practical, ammonia should be dissolved in water and neutralized before disposal. Safety glasses.

Physical properties

Principal hazards

Safe handling

Emergency

Disposal Protective

equipment Further information Ammonia (gas) Chemicals in the HSci database More extensive safety data

Link to the Oxford HSci web site We have tried to make this information as accurate and useful as possible, but can take no responsibility for its use, misuse, or accuracy. We have not verified this information, and cannot guarantee that it is up-todate. Oxford, September 12, 2006

The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, England Chemical Safety Information - GlossaryA|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|X|Y|Z

***** A *****Abiotic Absolute risk Acceptable Daily Intake Acceptable risk Accumulation ACGIH Acid Acidic solution: See Acid Action Level Acute Effect Acute Hazard Acute Toxicity: See Toxicity Additive Effect

Adhesion ADI: See Acceptable Daily Intake Adjuvant ADR Adverse effect Aerosol AIHA Allergen Allergic Contact Dermatitis Allergy All-or-none effect: See Quantal effect Allotrope AMA Ambient standard: See Environmental quality standard Ames test Analgesic Annex I Anoxia Antagonism: See Antagonistic effect Antagonistic effect Argyria: See Argyrism Argyrism Asphyxiant Asphyxiation: See Asphyxiant Atmosphere: See Units of pressure Auto-ignition temperature

***** B *****Bar: See Units of pressure Base Basic solution: See Base Benign Binary effect: See Quantal effect Biohazard Biological half-life Biomagnification Boiling point Breakthrough Breakthrough time

***** C *****Carcinogen Carcinogenic

CAS Number Ceiling Level Ceiling value (CV): See Ceiling level Chemical family Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations: See CHIP CHIP Chronic Hazard Chronic Toxicity: See Toxicity Chrysiasis Clastogen Clastogenesis CNS Combustible substances Copolymer Corrosive COSHH Cryogenic CTDs: See Repetitive Strain Injury Cumulative trauma disorders: See Repetitive Strain Injury Cutaneous hazard (See also subcutaneous) Cytotoxic

***** D *****Degradation Deliquescent Dermatitis Desquamation Detoxify DGSA Display screen equipment Dose-response Curve DOT DOT Hazard Codes DSE: See Display screen equipment

***** E *****ECn EC No: see EINECS Ecotoxicology ED50 EDn EINECS

ELINCS Embryotoxic Embryotoxins Emetic Emission Standard Environmental quality objective Environmental quality standard EPA Epidemiology Epidemiological study: See Epidemiology EQO: See Environmental quality objective EQS: See Environemntal quality standard ET50 Etiologic agents Exothermic Explosion limits: see Flammability Limits

***** F *****f/cc FDA Flammable Limits Flashback Flash Point Foreign matter Foreseeable emergency Fume

***** G *****Genotoxic Glacial acetic acid Graded effect Guinea pig maximization test

***** H *****Hazard Hazard Codes: see UN hazard codes. Health & Safety Executive (UK): See HSE Hematopoietic agent Hepatotoxin Highly toxic HSE Hygroscopic Hypersensitivity: See Allergy

Hypertonic Hypotonic Hypoxia

***** I *****IARC IDLH IMDG Immune response Immunotoxic Inhibitor Insoluble Intraperitoneal Intravenous In Vitro In Vivo IOSH Irritant IV - See IVN IVN

***** K *****Ketosis

***** L *****Lachrymator LC50 LD50 Level A LDLO Logistic effect: See Quantal effect

***** M *****Malignancy Maximum residue limit Median lethal concentration MLC: See Median lethal concentration Median Lethal Dose (MLD): see LD50. MEL Melting point Miscible Molluscicide MRL: See Maximum residue limit MSDS

Multigeneration study Mutagen Mutagenesis Mutagenic Mutation

***** N *****Nanogram Narcotic NDSL Neonatal Neoplasia NFPA NIOSH Nephrotoxic: See nephrotoxin Nephrotoxin Neurotoxin ng: See nanogram NOEL Nonflammable Non-sparking tools No observable effect level: See NOEL NOS NTP Nuisance material Nystagmus

***** O *****Occlusion Occupational hygiene Occupational Overuse Injuries: See Repetitive Strain Injuries Odds ratio: See Relative risk Odour threshold OEL OES OOI: See Repetitive Strain Injuries OSHA Overexposure Oxidizing agent Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere

***** P *****

Packing Group Partition coefficient Parts per million: see ppm Pascal: see Units of pressure PEC: see Predicted Environmental Concentration Permeability PEL Permeation rate Peroxidizable Materials Photoallergic Contact Dermatitis Physical Hazard P.O. Poison class A or B Pictographs Potentiation ppb PPE ppm Predicted Environmental Concentration Promoter Protein binding Pul: See Pulmonary Pulmonary PVA Pyrophoric materials

***** Q *****QSAR: See Structure-activity relationship Quantal effect Quantitative structure-activity relationship: See Structure-activity relationship

***** R *****REACH Recommended limit Reducing agent Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals: See REACH Relative risk Renal Repetitive Strain Injury Reproductive toxicology Reproductive toxin

Respirable dust RID Risk. See also Absolute risk. Risk evaluation Risk management Risk phrases Risk ratio: See Relative risk Rodenticide Routes of Entry RSI: See Repetitive Strain Injury RTECS number

***** S *****SAR: See Structure-activity relationship SCBA Self-contained breathing apparatus Sensitizer Short-term exposure limit SNARL Spellings Spontaneously combustible STEL: See Short-term exposure limit Stochastic Structure-activity relationship Subacute Toxicity: See Toxicity Subcutaneous Sublimation Suggested no adverse response level: See SNARL Surfactant Synergism: See Synergistic Effect Synergistic effect Synergy: See Synergistic Effect Synonym (chemical) Systemic poison

***** T *****Target organ dose Target organ toxin TD50 TDI: See Tolerable Daily Intake Teflon Temperature Rating Temporary Safe Reference Action Level

Teratogen Teratogenesis Threshold Limit Value: See TLV Time Weighted Average: See TWA TLV TLV-C TLV-STEL TOD: See Target organ dose TOC - TAG Open Cup: See Flash Point Tolerable Daily Intake Tolerance Torr: See Units of pressure Toxic Toxicant Toxicity Toxicity, Acute: See Toxicity Toxicity assessment Toxicity, Chronic: See Toxicity Toxicity, Subacute: See Toxicity Toxin Translucent Trohoc TSCA TSRAL: See Temporary safe reference action level Tumorigenic TWA

***** U *****UES: See Emission Standard UN Hazard Codes Uniform Emission Standard: See Emission Standard Units of pressure

***** V *****VDU: See Display Screen Equipment Vesicant Very toxic Viton VOCs

***** W *****

Work-related Upper Limb Disorder: See Repetitive Strain Injury WULD: See Repetitive Strain Injury

***** X *****Xenobiotic Xenobiotic metabolism Go to PTCL Safety home page. Go to Oxford University home page. This page last updated April 1, 2008.