primary sources wed nov 4 today’s line-up search log due mon nov 9 via email variety of databases...
TRANSCRIPT
primary sourceswed nov 4
today’s line-up
search logdue mon nov 9 via email
• variety of databases searched• identifying appropriate subject headings• document search strings + adjustments• equity among team members
annotated bibliographydue mon nov 16 via email
see example next slide
primary sources
what are primary sources?how & why are they collected?how are they organized?where & how could I access them?why would I ever use them?
prep for trip to Wilson Library on Monday
Van Vugt, M., Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. B. (2008). Leadership, followership, and evolution: Some lessons from the past.
American Psychologist, 63(3), 182-196. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X. 63.3.182
This article analyzes the topic of leadership from an evolutionary perspective and proposes three conclusions. Although it offers an historical perspective, I use only one of the the authors’ points about leader-follower relations in early human societies. To support my project question of what makes one person a better leader than others, I will focus on the point that, “leadership cannot be studied apart from followership and that an adequate account of the leadership process must consider the psychology of followers” (p. 193) .
The authors have a wide range of expertise in the area of business leadership. Van Vugt is on faculty at University of Kent; Hogan and Kaiser work in business systems assessment. The article appears in the highly cited, peer-reviewed journal, American Psychologist.
Relevancy what does this item provide for your story?
Source evaluation use criteria from the mid-term to assess the quality of the information
Citation in APA format of each item (5-10 total sources)
Pop Quiz
1) Describe one significant difference between an “archive” and a “library” (e.g. in terms of access to material, type of material, organization of material and/or acquisition of material)
2) Think about material in the digital collection you explored…what sort of questions/inquiries would the collection support? In other words, who would want use this particular collection and why?
primary sources
provide first-hand testimony or direct evidence concerning a topic under investigation
created by witnesses or recorders who experienced the events or conditions being documented
often these sources are created at the time when the events or conditions are occurring…but could be recorded later
offer an inside view of a particular event…based upon lived experience Dilthey (1985), Husserl (1970), MerleauPonty (1962) - intent to explore directly the original or prereflective dimensions of human existence
primary sources
autobiographies diaries & journals
memoires legal and financial documents
oral histories photographs
business correspondence maps
personal correspondence architectural drawings
computer tape objects
video & audio recordings government regulations and treaties
hearings & debates of legislative bodies; court cases census data
records of government expenditures & finances
regalia / artifacts (e.g. war memorabilia)
scientific data music (e.g. music scores, musical instruments, sound recordings)
visual materials (e.g. original art, graphic art) dissertations
primary sources
found in cultural institutions, museums, archives
archivesthe records made or received and maintained by an institution or organization in pursuance of its legal obligations or in the transaction of its business
manuscriptsa body of papers of an individual or a family
manuscript and archival materials are unique resources that can be found in only one library or institution (though digital copies or copies on microfilm/microfiche may be available elsewhere)
how & why are primary sources collected?
required by law – usually “records”birth/death certificates; marriage license; property records; law enforcement
company / organization policypersonnel files; incorporation docs; marketing/advertising; product info
historical societiesphotos; military garb; maps
religious groupsmembership; sermons; pamphlets
for profitancestry.com; background records (criminal or financial records)
intentional collecting – e.g. research, endowment or grantNorth Carolina Collection (UNC)
familybirth certificates; medical records; photos; scrapbooks; journals
archives: what do they keep?
• records which are no longer required for current use but have been selected for permanent preservation because of their evidential or informational value
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is a state agency, and its offices and departments are obligated to follow the requirements of the North Carolina Public Records Law (North Carolina General Statute 132) for retention and disposition of records.
By the way, please check out this link found on the archive's recent Facebook post.
http://blogs.lib.unc.edu/uarms/index.php/2015/11/exceedingly-improper-student-behavior-of-the-1840s/
One thing that particularly surprised me about this archive [UNC Special Collections] is that it actively reaches out to the public. It provides lessons for children K-12, and it even has a Facebook account posting interesting things about its resources.
So I came up with a potential discussion question: what are some other ways archives can benefit the general public?
-Wanyi
Website: http://diphi.web.unc.edu/
ARCHIVES LIBRARIES MUSEUMSWhat do they keep?
Inactive records that have been selected for permanent preservation usually unpublished (can be in any format and unique)
Published materials (can be in many formats) that is not unique
Objects and artifacts (and associated documentation) which may or may not be unique
How is the material arranged?
In the order determined and used by the creator(s)
According to a pre-determined classification system (LC, DDC)
Arrangement is not significant, control is.
ARCHIVES LIBRARIES MUSEUMSWhat is their objective?
Protection of archives and their evidential and informational values
Building appropriate and comprehensive collections that are properly housed and effectively used
Collection and protection of selected objects for the community
Who can consult the material?
Depends on archives policy and conditions imposed by donor
Any member of community
Any member of the public
Differences between archival and library materials
Category Libraries Archives
Nature PublishedDiscrete itemsAvailable elsewhere
UnpublishedGroups of related itemsUnique
Method of receipt Selected as single items Appraised in aggregates
Arrangement Predetermined subject classification
Provenance and original order
Level of description
Individual items Aggregate (record group or series)
Descriptive media Online catalog Inventories, finding aids
Access Open stacks Closed stacks
how can I find things in an archive?
• depends…• “Finding Aid” - description of an archival
collection, usually containing a history of the person or organization that produced the collection and an inventory of its contents
• EAD Encoded Archival Description – XML standard used to encode data about archival
materials– makes things easier to find in an electronic environment
• Ask the librarian / archivist
…as one seeks to obtain more information from the database a Duke log in is required. I felt another con of the database was the randomness of the collections provided. For many of the collections there is no connection to other collections, each its own unique research compilation. Overall the database is a great source if your research pertains to one of the collections provided, the scopes are very detailed and unique, so using this research often could prove challenging.
My question concerning the database is in terms of collection selection. What is the criteria for adding a new collection to the database, can a collection be removed if it is not highly viewed?
-Ben
appraisaldef: process of evaluating records to determine
their value and ultimate disposition
– physical volume– frequency of use– administrative and operational need served by the
record– legal and fiscal regulations governing retention– historical significance– economic advantage of moving the records from high
cost office storage to low cost records storage space or direct disposal
– whether this is the record copy or a duplicate
archival appraisal as powerThe appraisal process determines the fate of our documentary heritage. Archivists are arbiters of the fabric of history itself
Schaeffer, R.C. (1992). Transcendent concepts: Power, appraisal, and the archivist as “social outcast”. American Archivist, 55, 608-619.
The facts are in our keeping. The whole aim of the archivist’s work is to preserve them. Without the archivist’s science and research the historian will not know either what facts are or where they can be found
Bolotenko, G. (1983). Archivists and historians: Keepers of the well. Archivaria, 16, 20.
Archivists are now the servants of society at large, called upon to ensure a record of all aspects of its culture. According to the contemporary archival ethic, records must be acquired from all elements of society and must be accessible to a range of users
Schaeffer, R.C. (1992). Transcendent concepts: Power, appraisal, and the archivist as “social outcast”. American Archivist, 55, 608-619.
Wallace, D.A. (2011). Memory ethics – or the presence of the past in the present. Archival Science, 11, 1-12.
Archivists normatively position themselves as impartial and honest brokering custodians of the past, immune from the pressures and persuasions that conflict the rest of contemporary society.
Consider the politics of record-making and record keeping and how they shape and often mis-shape the construction of the past and present.
Action or inaction
where & how to access
• think about who might have relevant records/material– government entity (international, national, state, county)– professional organization/society (e.g. state geological
society)– dedicated entity (special collection – e.g. TWU’s WASP
collection)
• ask librarian
why would I ever use an archive?
• legislation (statutes, regulations, and orders-in-council) and case law (decisions of courts and administrative tribunals)
• genealogy / family tree• popular culture / period pieces
December 1963: Members of several civil rights organizations staged this holiday march, carrying letters addressed to political leaders to urge anti-discrimination legislation. They requested that fellow Chapel Hill citizens follow suit to "Send Freedom Letters for Christmas.
Drafts of Langston Hughes's poem "Ballad of Booker T.,” 30 May-1 June 1941
https://archive.org
Our field trip to Wilson on Monday
Wils
on L
ibra
ry
Federal Writers’ Project Papers Southern Historical Collection http://www2.lib.unc.edu/mss/shc
Sam Ervin Papers (Senate Records – relating to Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Southern Historical Collection http://www2.lib.unc.edu/mss/inv/e/Ervin,Sam_J.,Senate.html