April 8, 2013

GENDER ROLES, EQUALITY AND TRANSFORMATIONS PROJECT

INSTITUTE FOR REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY

PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL

SAVE THE CHILDREN

Photo credit: Save the Children/Susanna Klauke

PREVENTING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND CHILDREN:

TWO APPROACHES

Photo credit: Save the Children/Dickens Ojamuge

Working with very young adolescents:

The GREAT Project (2010-2015)

Partners: Pathfinder and Save the Children

Objective: Develop, pilot, and scale-up interventions that impact gender norms to positively influence SRH and reduce GBV

Timeline:

Phase 1 (Year 1): Formative Research

Ethnographic Research

Program Review

Phase 2a (Years 2 & 3): Pilot test interventions in 2 districts

Phase 2b (Years 4 & 5):

Scale up successful interventions

Beneficiary Population:

Adolescent boys and girls, ages 10-19

Emphasis on very young adolescents, ages 10-14

Key Principles of GREAT Approach

1. Active participation of key stakeholders

Partner Consortium

Technical Advisory Group

2. Informed by research and evidence-based

Ethnographic research

Program review

3. Uses a Life Course perspective to develop differentiated,

yet complementary interventions for specific age groups

living in the same communities to achieve synergies

4. Designed for scale

5. Based on the ecological model, and uses a gender

relational perspective

Formative Research

Life

Course

Stages

Life histories with 40 adolescents at different stages in the life course

40 in-depth interviews with adults selected by life history participants and directly recruited:

Parents/Guardians Teachers Religious/Community Leaders Peers Siblings Extended Family

Very Young

Adolescents

Older Adolescents Newly Married Pregnant with 1st child/

Parenting 1 child

Ethnographic Research

Program Review

61 programs; 28 key informant interviews

Ethnographic Research Methods

Ideal man/woman

What animal represents an

ideal man/woman? Why?

Spider mapping

Who influences you?

Who are you close to?

I have selected a cow for an ideal woman; because

a cow is used by human beings; it cannot do

anything until its owner says so, just like a woman

who waits for information from her husband. A cow

is a hard working animal and when a task is given it

carries it out, although it doesn’t want to. In a home

sometimes there is misunderstanding and just like a

cow is beaten when it fails to do tasks so is a woman

beaten by her husband…and also a cow gives birth

and feeds its own on milk just like a woman does.

She also takes good care of her children.

Female, Age 18, Newly Married

Research Methods cont.

Community Mapping

• What spaces are safe?

• Where do boys/girls go?

Continuum of Violence

• What forms of violence are

present in this area?

• What is acceptable/non-

acceptable?

Ethnographic Research: Actionable Findings

Harness gender socialization processes and agents

Build on positive cultural traditions

Use puberty as a gateway to promoting gender-

equitable attitudes and behaviors

Explore and leverage positive and negative facets

of gender roles

Understand norms surrounding use of and response

to violence

Moving from Research to Action

Development of a creative brief

Use of structured tools for integrating findings into material design

Implementation of participatory, iterative review process

GREAT Intervention Model

Scalable Tool Kit (Tailored by cohort)

Products to stimulate

dialogue, reflection, action:

Radio discussion guides

Activity cards

Community engagement game

Coming of age flip book

Through Existing platforms:

School-based child clubs

Farmers associations

Religious-based groups

Savings and loans groups

Measurement

In addition to on-going monitoring, intervention

outcomes will be measured through:

Quantitative Evaluation

1) Pre/post-test with participants at platform level to

measure individual level change

2) Household and school-based interviews in control and

intervention districts to measure community level change

Qualitative Evaluation

3) A qualitative cohort study with a control and intervention

group to triangulate data and document change over time

Working with young fathers: The REAL Fathers Project (2013-2015)

Partner: Save the Children

Location: Amuru, northern Uganda

Objective: Develop and test parenting intervention to reduce IPV and harsh child disciplining

Intervention: Mentoring program and IEC campaign

Beneficiary Population:

Young fathers (ages 16 – 25) with children between the ages of 1-3

Photo credit: Save the Children/Dickens Ojamuge

Theoretical Perspectives

Ecological model

Positive masculinity

Influencing principles

Selected outcomes

+ positive parenting techniques among fathers

+ positive interactions between children and fathers

+ self-efficacy related to fatherhood role

+ emotional investment by fathers in children’s lives

- incidence of IPV

- utilization of harsh child punishment

+ participation of fathers in non-traditional

parenting roles

Intervention Design Approach

Reviewed evidence on effective parenting

programs

Using GREAT formative research to inform

mentoring curriculum and poster development

Pretesting of intervention concepts and

materials

Engaging GREAT TAG and community

stakeholders

The Intervention

Poster campaign

Series of emotion-based

posters strategically placed

on community message

boards

Catalyze diffusion of

reflection on gender

inequitable norms and

violence

Mentoring program 170 young fathers; 44

mentors

12 sessions (4 individual,

2 couple-based, 6

group)

Parenting and

relationship skills

6 months duration

Mentoring Curriculum

1. A New Day: It’s not how fathers

used to parent

2. Tips and tricks to being a REAL

father

3. Future dreams for my family

4. Loving your wife, loving your

children, loving yourself

5. Trust and communication at home

6. Parenting commitments

Photo Credit: Dickens Ojamuge

Poster Campaign

He works

hard

My _________ is a REAL Father!

He plays

with me

We parent

as a team

He cares for his

children

financially and

emotionally

He loves his

children and

his children

love and

respect him

Measurement: Quantitative Research

340

young

fathers

Intervention

(N=170)

Control

(N=170)

12 mentoring

sessions Community

Campaign

Base

line

Inte

rvie

w

Endlin

e

Inte

rvie

w

Successful

components of

mentoring

curriculum

Rand

om

assig

nment

Measurement: Qualitative Research

Two focus-group discussions with

mentors who demonstrated various levels

of success

In-depth interviews with 8-10 young

fathers demonstrated various degrees of

change

Challenges and Lessons Learned

Challenges

Involvement of

wives/partners in

intervention and

research

Sample size

Identification of mentors

IRB delays

Lessons Learned

Focus on the

future/cultural

revitalization

Importance of looking

inward

Strive for maximum

participation while

maintaining efficiency