Preventing Infectious DiseaseLESSON 3-2

Objectives

TSW summarize direct and indirect ways common infectious diseases can be transmitted.

TSW describe how common food-borne diseases are transmitted.

TSW explain the relationship between injection drug use and transmission of blood-borne diseases such as HIV and hepatitis.

TSW summarize ways to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

Health Terms

Airborne

Bacteria

Blood Borne

Direct Contact

Disease

Feces

Food Borne

Fungi

Germ

Hepatitis

HIV (human immunodiciency virus)

Host

Immune System

Immunization

Indirect Contact

Infectious Disease

Noninfectious Disease

Norovirus

Parasite

Pathogen

Protozoa

Sterilize

Vaccine

Virus

Intro

Write a few sentences about how being ill could affect a person’s quality of life. How does a temporary sickness or infection, such as a cold or the flue, affect quality of life? What about a more serious or longer-lasting illness?

How many of you have ever been sick with a cold, the flu or some other illness? How did you know you were ill? How did your body feel?

Teaching Steps

Survey What’s the meaning of disease? Where do you think

the meaning of this word comes from?

Explain Disease means “not at ease” Refers to any destructive process that can affect a

living organism Often used to describe an illness or infection that

disrupts the function of or causes harm to the body

Teaching Steps

Survey What are some illnesses or

diseases you’ve heard of?

Examples:

Ebola

Lou G Disease

Ringworms

HIV/AIDS

STDs

Malaria

Small Pox

Chicken Pox

Measles

Cold

Shingles

Flu

Bubonic Plague

Cancer

H1N1

Bird Flu

Swine Flu

Teaching Steps

Explain Experts try to identify how people get the

diseases Some catch them from other people, from

things in the environment and some of them are not

Teaching Steps

Explain Infectious Diseases – can be passed by contact with

pathogen (germs) or organisms that cause disease The infected person causes an infection that causes

the pathogens to multiply and damage body cells Pathogens are cause disease include bacteria,

viruses, protozoa, fungi or parasites

single celled organism; can be

killed with antibiotics*

Pathogen #1:Bacteria

antibiotics are used to slow or kill the

growth of bacteria. You must take all of

the prescribed medicine or it can

come back!

What are some of the

more common bacterial

infections?

Causes severe muscle

spasms

Tetanus

sore throat, fever, yellow

or white specks on the

throat

Easy to

relapse!

Sinus Infectionheadache

, thick mucous, feeling

pressure in your head

Bacterial Meningitis

Inflammation of the

membranes surrounding

the brain and spinal cord

Couldbe

FATAL!

Salmonellasaffects the digestive system, usually

spread bycontaminated

food

Tiny pathogens that survive and replicate

only inside living cells;

can’t be killed by medication

Pathogen #2: Virus

Any medication taken is to treat the symptoms;

viruses cannot be cured, they have to

run their course.

scratchy sore throat,

sneezing, runny nose

Common Cold

headache, sore muscles, sore throat, fever, vomiting, fatigue and coughing

FLU

pain and swelling of

glands in the throat, possible

rash

MUMPS

fatigue, runny nose, cough, slight fever, small white dots in the mouth,

rash covering the body

MEASLES

Hepatitis inflammation of the liver, jaundice,

fever, dark urine

 

organisms that absorb and use

the nutrients of

living or dead organisms *

Pathogen #3:

Fungus

Usually treated with anover-the-counter anti-fungal cream

single celled; larger than bacteria(Malaria: Spread by mosquito bites*)

Good hygiene is the best preventative measure;

other medications require prescription

Pathogen #4: Protozoa

Feed off of other living

things(Lice, ticks)*

Pathogen #5: Parasites

prevention best, (don’t share brushes, use medicated shampoo, wear protective clothing in

wooded areas, etc…

Teaching Steps

Direct Contact – the pathogen is transmitted by person-to-person contact

It can be transmitted by touching the infected person’s skin or when the infected blood, mucus or other body fluids get inside another person’s body

Indirect Contact – the infected person’s skin or body fluids don’t directly touch or enter the other person through human-to-human contact.

Examples – contaminating surfaces, coughs or sneezing without covering nose, pass on from infected animal, eating or drinking contaminated food or water, using infected needlesReview

• Which of the illnesses and diseases you named earlier are infectious?• Can you think of any other infectious diseases that weren’t named

earlier?

Teaching Steps

Review

Is this disease transmitted by direct or indirect contact?

What are the specific ways it can be transmitted? Is it passed through the air? Through food? Through contact with blood?

Cold or Flu

Can be either direct (touching/kissing) or indirect (breathing airborne particles, touching contaminated surfaces)

Food Poisoning

Transmitted through contaminated food or water

Can be either direct (if spoiled/undercooked) or indirect (unclean hands/dirty cooking utensils)

Teaching StepsHepatitis

A virus that infects and can damage the liver

Hepatitis A – transmitted indirectly when contaminated feces get into water or food, usually from not washing hands before cooking or water comes in contact with contaminated water

Hepatitis B or C – transmitted by blood, direct – by touching infected blood, indirectly – using contaminated needles

Hepatitis B – also can be transmitted directly by semen or vaginal fluids

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

A virus that causes AIDS

Directly – infected semen, vaginal fluids, blood (sharing needles), breastfeeding

It is safe to touch, hug, shake hands or share eating utensils with a someone with HIV

Teaching Steps

Create

When you know infectious disease are transmitted you can understand ways to prevent their spread.

Breaking the chain???

Think of ways of how to prevent becoming infected in the first place and then ways you could stop an infection from spreading to others

Ways to Prevent Infection:

Eliminate the source of the pathogen – throw away spoiled food

Handle and dispose of body fluids appropriately – properly clean up blood, vomit, feces

Safely handle and dispose of contaminated items – sterilize needles and other equipment

Keep food safe – cook foods correctly

Protect yourself – wash your hands frequently

Teaching Steps

Ways to stop the Spread of Infection: Don’t spread germs to others – don’t hug or kiss

other people who are sick Don’t spread germs to objects – wash hands

frequently when sick Don’t spread germs to food – wash your hands after

using the bathroom Keep your immune system strong – get enough rest

and sleep

Teaching Steps

Review These are some health habits related to preventing

infectious disease. How are you doing in this area? Could you improve any of these habits

Are there other actions you could add to help prevent infectious disease?

Complete and Share Logon to your MyBigCampus account – You have new

assignment (STOP THE SPREAD)

Assessment and Closure

Close What’s one behavior that you plan to do

today to reduce your risk of getting an infectious disease?