prevent unnecessary endo tx

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Xjmm!If 312605034 如何避免 不必要之根管治療

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Page 1: Prevent unnecessary endo tx

如何避免不必要之根管治療

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Death spiral of toothPascal Magne 2010No Post No Crown - Biomimetic Restorative Dentistry(DVD)

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• 4-6 years success ratewithout apical RL: 93%(PAI 1 and 2)

現實⾯面…Long-term outcome of Endo?

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• 10 years? 20 years? 更久之後的endo成功率?

現實⾯面…更久之後…? Long-term outcome of Endo?

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10年 20年 30年

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30年,我們平均會喪失幾顆⽛牙?

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http://www.nih.gov/

-4.6

如果全⼝口endo,我們會只剩…12顆⽛牙⿒齒左右

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更⻑⾧長時間的追蹤下, Endo的成功率明顯下降!

Endo治療應只在必要時執⾏行

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What should we do before Endo?

•Deep caries

• Cracked tooth

• Sealing fail

這三種情況的臨床指引,全部都不是⾺馬上根管治療喔!

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Diagnosis

Concept

•Deep caries management

•Cracked tooth management

• Sealing is the deal

Outline

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Deep caries management

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Ole Fejerskov and Edwina Kidd, 2008, Dental Caries, 2nd Ch3

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軟的 硬的⼿手感?!

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軟的 硬的⼿手感?!

234 1

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怎麼挖,是⾨門學問!

挖乾淨分次挖留點不要挖

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Deep caries

Resin or GIC base

Inlay

conventional excavation

Complete caries removal

He WH, 2013

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6 months f/u

stepwise excavation technique

affected dentin

remineralized dentin

GI application

Bjørndal L, 2002

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ultraconservative excavation

Deep caries

Well sealing

2.5y 5yGruythuysen R., 2010

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conventional excavation時⽛牙醫師常要扮演超⼈人!其實,滿累的…

@@III

conventional

excavation

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primary dentin

secondary dentin

enamel

tertiary dentin

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conventional excavation

stepwise excavation technique

ultraconservative excavation

⼈人⼈人都可以是超⼈人

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2002 4th 2011 6th2006 5th

觀念的變遷

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2002 4th 2011 6th2006 5th

partial caries excavation and

indirect pulp capping

觀念的變遷

Caries control technique

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Deep caries治療⽅方式⽐比較

• ⽐比較不同deep caries dentin處理⽅方式的結果1、complete caries removal(⼀一次挖乾淨) 2、stepwise excavation (分次挖乾淨) 3、partial caries removal (部分挖) 4、no dentinal caries removal (不挖)

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⼀一次 vs 分次

347 154407 126

325 166

101 79

單位1/1000

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全挖 vs 部分挖

219 5047 13

62 21

單位1/1000

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全挖 vs 不挖

50 10

370 30

單位1/1000

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Dentinal caries… 似乎挖越少,越安全!

重點是優良的sealing 防⽌止caries⼜又呈活性

實際操作時… 袐訣是什麼?

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秘訣是:Enamel margin傳統型enamel margin

無奈型enamel margin

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Dentinal caries… 似乎挖越少,越安全!

但是…留很多dentinal caries,會使⽛牙⿒齒整體結構弱化!!!造成leakage, cusp變形等等

Schwendicke F, 2014

但是…

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• 若深度蛀⽛牙危及⽛牙髓,現今教科書的建議步驟:階段1、 1, 先評估是否可直接OD復形(若⼀一定要crwon,則另外考量) 2, 若可,靠近pulp部分蛀⽛牙不要全拿掉 3, 建⽴立完整乾淨的窩洞邊緣 4, GIC或RMGI先補起來(要不要⽤用氫氧化鈣都可) 階段2、 1, 等12週左右 2, 切削表層GIC,讓正式填補物有⾜足夠厚度及強度 3, GIC不建議全部拿掉!階段1、2 的間隔為評估期(2-6個⽉月),依治療反應再訂定最終治療計畫

整理

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要等多久才能重新進⼊入?

補充

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Cracked Tooth

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裂⿒齒症的 治療對策

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AAE, 2008, Cracking the cracked tooth code

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治療⺫⽬目標

•防⽌止裂痕leakage

•結構加強及保護

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• 鄰接⾯面:可以視情況去除裂痕, 但不超過CEJ

• 窩洞底部:除⾮非有蛀⽛牙或裂到pulp裡了, 不然不必挖

請儘量別挖這裡!!!

AAE, 2008, Cracking the cracked tooth code

防⽌止裂痕leakage:裂痕的移除原則

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Banerji S, 2010

結構加強及保護:裂⽛牙的緊急處理⽅方式

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Banerji S, 2010

• without cusp coverage (ClassII OD)

• with cusp coverage (onlay, overlay)

利⽤用CRF補強的⽅方式

結構加強及保護:裂⽛牙的緊急處理⽅方式

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??

裂痕正式處理⽅方式

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??

酸呀~

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??

?

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Crown coverage

• Endo轉診的cases中,cracked teeth佔9.7% (796/8175)

• 127⼈人為reversible pulpitis(皆以crown治療) 其中21⼈人在58天後轉為irreversible pulpitis其中6⼈人在149天後轉為necrotic pulp reversible pulpitis的cases,有20%在半年內需要Endo tx.

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⾞車磨Full crown有何疑慮?

• ⾞車⽛牙產⽣生的熱會傷害pulp,full-coverage crown製作後的⽛牙⿒齒,有3-22%的機會需EndoKarlsson S, 1986Valderhaug J, 1997 Saunders WP, 1998

• ⾞車⽛牙時需light force、充⾜足噴⽔水、新的burs

Hilton TJ., 2013

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Indirect Onlay coverage

• resin onlay黏著後進⾏行觀察第⼀一週:88.37%不會疼痛,4.65%對冷及咬合敏感第四週:93.02%不會疼痛,2.32%對冷及咬合敏感共6.89%需要根管治療

• resin onlay 6年成功率:93.02%

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Direct composite splinting- Cusp coverage or not?

• 受測共40顆,cracked tooth直接以樹脂進⾏行填補

• 分為兩組:cusp coverage vs. without cusp coverage

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cusp coverage

without cusp coverage

成功率100%

成功率94%

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• immediate direct composite resin overlay的中期(7年)成功率⾼高,具有不錯的臨床治療價值(將來也可再換成ceramic)

• onlay/overlay兼顧保護功能及保守性治療

• 若有reversible pulpitis,建議不要直接跳到做full crown,以減少需根管治療的機會(20% Endo…討厭的事是他不會⾺馬上發⽣生!!!)

• 治療指引中,cracked teeth無預防性根管治療的必要

整理

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Diagnosis

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• 能不能留住⽛牙⿒齒? 怎麼留?

• 能不能留住⽛牙髓? 怎麼留?

診斷,因為我們想知道:

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1、X光⽚片

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2.6mmEnamel margin

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0-2.5mm

Caries margin

2nd, 3rd dentin…

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順序: 1 2 3 4

Rubber dam

2、活性測試

測死最準測不到時最準 測活最準最⽅方便

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3、咬合測試

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Cracked or leakage?

Biting pain… before removing the restoration

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cracked tooth

biting pain(+/-) biting pain(+) biting pain(-)

test with direct composite coveragewithout bonding

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step 1 cracked tooth

biting pain(++) biting pain(-)

test with direct composite coveragewithout bonding

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step 2 leakage or gap

biting pain(+/-??) biting pain(+)

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step 3 If biting painin both situations…!?

+ percussion test

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• 樹脂加⾼高1-1.5mm幫助診斷

• 直接樹脂加⾼高黏著3個⽉月創造咬合空間

• 製作最終復形物• 131 / 151成功

• 20例失敗做endo:11resin咬裂:5受不了咬合加⾼高:4

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Immediate resin overlay能提供 ⼀一個相當可信賴的診斷及治療效果預測

?

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4、光照檢查

整圈都要檢查⼀一次

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重點:marginal ridge

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簡易光源DIY

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5、染⾊色:caries & crack

幫助清出乾淨的magin,以得到完美sealing

三年的成功率,乳⽛牙96%,恆⽛牙93%

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?

幫助定位margin上crack line的深度

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The seal is the deal!

?

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Sealing的迷思…

• Bonding = Sealing?兩者是不同喔!

• Ranking of sealing ability? 那種材料的sealing能⼒力好? 要先知道要sealing的東⻄西是什麼!

immediate dentin “sealing” (IDS)?“resin coating”“protection”

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Sealing為什麼重要呢?

•減少術後敏感•填補物的⻑⾧長期成功

Cohen's pathways of the pulp 10Ed, Ch12

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Trowbridge HO, 1982

⿒齒質結構與sealing息息相關!

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Dentin要視為不均質的有機活組織性質因不同位置⽽而有不同

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我們如何⽤用⼀一個簡單名詞去表述:深層及淺層dentin、通透性、離pulp遠近的概念呢?

RDT

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有2mm就沒在怕的啦~

Remaining Dentinal Thickness(RDT)

•定義:窩洞最深處和pulp的距離,RDT越⼩小,距pulp越近

•不同厚度RDT能阻隔不同程度外界對⽛牙髓的刺激0.5mm---------75% 1mm-----------90% 2mm-----------~100%

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Etching過的dentin就像…

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淺層dentin

像草原…

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像沼澤…

深層dentin

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深層dentin + total etching…

Pashley DH., 1987

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RDT與bonding強度

淺層dentin,RDT⼤大

深層dentin,RDT⼩小

bonding像是在抓草…

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深層dentin 淺層dentin

分別是GIC及Resin bonding system皆是⽐比較RDT<2 mm; 2≤RDT<3 mm; 3≤RDT<4 mm; RDT≥4 mm時的bonding強度皆顯⽰示:RDT越⼤大(淺層dentin),bonding越強

RDT與bonding強度

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Deep dentin選何種bonding?

但不論⽤用何種bonding,效果是不太好的…

Tay FR, 2004

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Tay FR, 2004

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Tay FR, 2004

Water Tree

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Sealing ability: GIC vs. Resin

Sarah N, 2014

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Sealing ability: GIC vs. Resin

Sarah N, 2014

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Sealing ability: GIC vs. Resin

Sarah N, 2014

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Sealing ability of MTA

Sarkar, 2005

1, MTA進⾏行⽔水合作⽤用(hydration)產⽣生calcium silicate hydrate, calcium hydroxide等等

2, 在⽔水合產物表⾯面產⽣生Apatite-like precipitates—>sealing MTA和Dentin之間的gap

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MTA需多厚才能sealing?

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MTA需多厚才能sealing?

⽤用三種⽅方式去填MTA 結果平均dye滲透了1.3mm—>厚度2mm以上的MTA及dentin之間較能保証sealing

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MTA-dentin之間有完美的sealing…但dentin本⾝身有通透性

需要2mm的距離得到好的sealing

✴ Cavity safe margin的原理

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2mm? 剛好像有提過…

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有2mm就沒在怕的啦~

Remaining Dentinal Thickness(RDT)

•定義:窩洞最深處和pulp的距離,RDT越⼩小,距pulp越近

•不同厚度RDT能阻隔不同程度外界對⽛牙髓的刺激0.5mm---------75% 1mm-----------90% 2mm-----------~100%

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整理• RDT的觀念,可在術前X光⽚片的資訊參考應⽤用

• Deep dentin sealing: MTA> RMGI/GIC > self-etching bonding > total etching

• Enamel margin sealingresin bonding system

• Dentin margin sealingRMGI

• Dentin bonding穩定度4th, 6th, GIC較佳

• MTA-Dentin之間能有很好的sealing,但仍要有2mm以上距離

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Case實戰時間

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• reversibel pulpitis

• deep caries

• cracked tooth

Case實戰1 Crack + Deep caries + PPP

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Crack line

2.6mmEnamel margin

Caries margin

0-2.5mm

怎麼做?• 留enamel margin為了sealing

• partial caries removal為了不傷⽛牙髓

• 移除部份crack line 減少leakage

• Direct resin overlay 為了受⼒力結構穩定

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!?

移除舊填補物

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染⾊色 ⾞車掉 再染⾊色 再⾞車掉,再染⾊色,再⾞車掉…

別做的過度,⼩小⼼心CEJ!!!

部分移除crack line

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不要⾞車這裡喔~End-cutting Bur + Metal band

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只移除邊緣蛀⽛牙

2mm

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窩洞外形調整

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Enamel margin

Dentin sealing

Resin overlay 1mm

2mm

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• 術後2⼩小時,咬合回復正常

• 術後兩天,已無pulpitis的症狀

• 6 months follow up: OK!

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Before After, follow 6 months

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Case實戰IIInsufficient structure

• pulp test normal

• deep caries

• cracked tooth

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空殼⽛牙

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周邊要挖乾淨,底部⼿手下留情

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結構再差也可以先補起來

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剛補完

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follow 五個⽉月

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Onlay Preparation

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Onlay Preparation

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剛補完

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follow 五個⽉月

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Onlay Try-in

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1年 follow

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Case實戰IIIApical RL?

• deep caries, involve pulp

• dentin margin

• pulp test:normal

• Periapical RL ?

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Before After, follow 3 weeks

Periapical RL…healed!?

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2.6mm

Dentin margin

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2mm

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Before Just finished

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Just finished 6 months follow

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Before After, follow 3 weeks

Periapical RL…healed!?

follow 6 months

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After, follow 3 weeks follow 6 months

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類似情況,換個材料如何?

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2014/7/28 2014/10/13 2014/12/222014/6/19

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Case實戰IV 2mm dentin sealing rule

• deep caries, close to pulp

• dentin margin

• pulp test:normal

• crown abutment

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Case實戰V What if the P’t is your mom?

• deep caries, close to pulp

• dentin margin

• pulp test:normal

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我不是⿎鼓勵要保守到如此誇張… 只是想傳達⼀一個“可能性”

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• 深度蛀⽛牙不必完全挖乾淨,但要建⽴立良好marginal sealing

• 分階段治療,期間變化有助更準確的最後評估• Sealing才是補⽛牙的重點,bonding不是

• Enamel margin是sealing的關鍵

• 裂⿒齒症絕⼤大多數不必根管治療,但需overlay加強

• 在適當的場合,選適當的材料,以求最好的sealing

結論(偽)

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pathway of the pulp

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OD與Endo的對話…

附錄:

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Complete excavationStepwise excavationPartial caries removalIndirect pulp capping Direct pulp cappingPartial PulpotomyPulpotomy

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Thanks for your attention!