prevent osteoporosis… get healthy kentucky sponsored by: kentucky department for public health...
TRANSCRIPT
Prevent Osteoporosis…
GET HEALTHY KENTUCKY
SPONSORED BY:Kentucky Department for Public Health
Osteoporosis Prevention and Education Program
PRESENTED BY:
WHAT ARE WE GOING TO LEARN TODAY ???
• What Is Osteoporosis ?• What Happens When Bones
Break ?• How Common Is It ?• What Are The Risk Factors ?• Steps To Prevention• Bone Density Testing• Treatment Options• Fall Prevention• How You Can Help?
WHAT IS OSTEOPOROSIS ?
• Osteo = bone
• Porosis = full of holes
• Osteoporosis = means bones that are full of holes
Normal Bone
Osteoporosis
NORMAL HEALTHY BONE
OSTEOBLASTS
OSTEOCLASTS
OSTEOPOROTIC BONE
The loss of living bone tissue makesbones fragile and more likely to fracture.
Role of Estrogen
• Hormone that protects against bone loss• After menopause, estrogen production
decreases – may lead to rapid bone loss • Rate of Bone Loss in Postmenopausal
Women– 1% to 2% annual loss for 10 years after
menopause– Fastest in first 3 to 6 years
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN BONES
BREAK
OsteoporosisWhen Bones Break
• The most common breaks in weak bones are in the:– Wrist– Spine– Hip
• If you break a bone after the age of 50, talk to your health care professional about measuring your bone density
Osteoporotic Spine Fracture
Normal
Compressed bone
Fractured
OsteoporosisWhen Bones Break
• Hip fractures are the most devastating– One in five elderly people die within a year of the
fracture– One in five must move to a nursing home within a
year– One in four become disabled – Many become isolated and depressed
TRUE OR FALSE GAME
• Men do not get osteoporosis.• Diet can provide all of the calcium a body needs.• If your grandmother had osteoporosis, you will get it also.• Dairy products are the only source of calcium.• If you have osteoporosis, you can do nothing about it.• Our bones stop growing when we reach full height (about 20).• Susceptibility to fractures can indicate osteoporosis.
Activity – True or False Game
CLARIFICATIONS
• There is no relationship between osteoporosis and arthritis.
• Osteoporosis is a generalized bone disease that causes porous bones.
• Arthritis refers to a group of diseases and conditions that affect the joints and are usually painful.
• Osteoarthritis is a degenerative type of arthritis affecting the hip, knees and tips of the fingers—no relationship to osteoporosis.
CLARIFICATIONS• Steroids are sometimes used to treat arthritis, and using
steroids may put a person at risk for osteoporosis • There is no clear relationship between dental cavities and
osteoporosis• Someone with osteoporosis may have weakened jawbones
and be prone to losing teeth• Report any problems with loose teeth, detached or receding
gums, and loose or ill-fitting dentures to your dentist and doctor.
• Recent studies show women with osteoporosis have been reported to have 3 times more tooth loss than women without the disease.
HOW COMMON IS OSTEOPOROSIS?
KENTUCKY STATISTICS (2002)
Projections for 2010
834,000 Kentuckians age 50 & over will be affected.
National Osteoporosis Foundation
Women
128,000 osteoporosis
342,000 low bone mass
Men
37,300 osteoporosis
223,400 low bone mass
RISK FACTORS
Are You at Risk for Weak Bones?Check Any of These that Apply to You
I’m older than 65 I’ve broken a bone after age 50 My close relative has osteoporosis or has broken a bone My health is “fair” or “poor” I smoke I am underweight for my height I started menopause before age 45 I’ve never gotten enough calcium I have more than two drinks of alcohol several times a
week I have poor vision, even with glasses
Activity – Risk Factor Worksheet
Are You at Risk for Weak Bones?Check Any of These that Apply to You
I sometimes fall I’m not physically active I have one of the these medical conditions:
HyperthyroidismChronic lung diseaseCancerInflammatory bowel diseaseChronic hepatic or renal diseaseVitamin D deficiencyCushing’s diseaseMultiple sclerosisRheumatoid arthritis
Activity – Risk Factor Worksheet
Are You at Risk for Weak Bones?Check Any of These that Apply to You
I take one of these medications:Oral glucocorticoids (steroids)
Cancer treatments (radiation, chemotherapy)
Thyroid medicine
Antiepileptic medications
Gonadal hormone suppression
Immunosuppressive agents
Activity – Risk Factor Worksheet
Osteoporosis & Persons with Disabilities
• Low intake of dietary calcium• Medications• Weak or unused muscles• Lack of accessibility to exercise facilities
Osteoporosis Affects Women & Men of All Ethnicities
RISK FACTOR REVIEW
• Discuss significant risks with a health care professional– Gender – Nutrition/Calcium Intake– Age– Medications– Family history– Recent falls or broken bones
STEPS TO PREVENTION
STEPS TO PREVENTIONLive a Healthy Lifestyle
• Eat foods rich in calcium and vitamin D– Follow recommended daily amounts
• Be physically active every day– Include activities to improve strength and balance
• Maintain a healthy body weight
STEPS TO PREVENTION
• Don’t smoke
• Limit alcohol intake
• Limit caffeine
A cup = 8 ounces.
Activity – Calcium Card (Optional)
LACTOSE INTOLERANCE• Individuals who have difficulty digesting the sugar
found in milk, called lactose
• Start with small portions of food such as milk--gradually increase portions
• Eat dairy foods in combination with other foods
• Many hard cheeses have less lactose than milk
• Commercial lactase preparations aid digestion
CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS
• Read Labels--several different types of calcium supplements available
• Avoid -“natural” calcium such as bone meal or dolomite-some contain toxic lead or mercury
Supplements:Calcium carbonate vs. citrate
• Calcium carbonate– Needs acid to dissolve
and for absorption– Less stomach acid as
we age– Often taken at meals
when more stomach acid
– Brand names-Tums, Maalox, Mylanta, Oscal, Viactiv, Caltrate
• Calcium citrate– Doesn’t require stomach
acid for absorption– May be taken anytime—
check with your healthcare provider
– May cost more– Brand names-Citracal,
store brands of Calcium Citrate
CALCIUM SUPPLEMENT TIPS
• Be knowledgeable about the type of calcium you are taking
• Space out your calcium intake
• Determine the “elemental” calcium in your chosen supplement.
• Remember Vitamin D
CALCIUM
VITAMIN
TEST YOUR CALCIUM SUPPLEMENT
• Put a calcium tablet in a cup of half water and half vinegar.
• Stir every 5 minutes. • If it doesn’t dissolve in 30 minutes, it probably
won’t dissolve in your stomach
Activity – Exercise Guide (optional)
BONE DENSITYTESTING
WHO SHOULD GET TESTED
• All women age 65 and older • All postmenopausal women under 65
with 1 or more risk factors• Men aged 70 and older • Postmenopausal women who have had a
fracture• Women considering therapy for osteoporosis
Dual-Energy X-RayAbsorptiometry
• “Gold Standard” test to determine a diagnosis
• Measures hip & spine • Painless, safe and requires no
injections• Takes 5-10 minutes• Determines risk for fracture
UNDERSTANDING YOUR T-SCORE
Medicare Criteria for Bone Medicare Criteria for Bone Mineral Density TestingMineral Density Testing
• Women who are estrogen deficient • Individuals with vertebral abnormalities • Individuals with hyperparathyroidism• Individuals receiving steroid therapy• Monitoring drug therapy
TREATMENT OPTIONS
Medication For Prevention and/or Treatment
In post-menopausal women
1. BISPHOSPHONATES
a. Alendronate, Risedronate & Ibandronate Sodium
2. CALCITONIN
3. ESTROGEN THERAPY/HORMONE THERAPY
4. PARATHYROID HORMONE OR PTH (1-34)
5. SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR (SERM) a. Raloxifene
BISPHOSPHONATESBISPHOSPHONATES
Alendronate-Brand Name-Fosamax®Alendronate-Brand Name-Fosamax®Risedronate-Brand Name-Actonel®Risedronate-Brand Name-Actonel®
•Slows or Stops Bone Loss
•Increases Bone Density
•Reduces Risk for Fracture
Ibandronte Sodium-Brand Name-Boniva®
• Slows Bone Loss• Increases Bone Density• Reduces Risk for Fracture• Once a month treatment
BRAND NAME: MIACALCIN®
• Naturally occurring hormone involvedin calcium regulation
• Reduces bone loss, especially in the spine• Available as an injection or nasal spray
CALCITONIN
ESTROGEN THERAPY (ET)
• Approved for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
• Increases bone density and reduces the risk of fracture
ESTROGEN THERAPY (ET)HORMONE THERAPY (HT)
• Women who still have their uterus can protect the endometrial lining by taking a second hormone, progestin or progesterone in combination with estrogen (HT)
• ET/HT relieves menopausal symptoms and has a beneficial effect on bone health.
• Side effects may include vaginal bleeding, breast tenderness, mood disturbances and gall bladder disease.
WOMEN’S HEALTH INITIATIVE STUDY
• Study confirmed that one type of HT, Prempro®, reduced the risk of hip and other fractures
• Reduced colon cancer, BUT,• Increased a woman’s risk of breast cancer,
heart attacks and venous blood clots.
WOMEN’S HEALTH INITIATIVE STUDY
• Prescribe the lowest possible doses of ET/HT for the shortest period of time to manage symptoms of menopause
• Discuss alternative osteoporosis medications for women at risk for or diagnosed with osteoporosis
• Consult with her healthcare provider about the possible benefits and risks
PARATHYROID HORMONE OR PTH (1-34)
• Approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men at increased risk for fracture
• Builds new bone and,• Significantly reduces the risk of spine and
other fractures• Self-administered as a daily injection
SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS (SERMs)
Raloxifene-Brand Name-Evista®• Prevents Bone Loss• Appears to reduce the risk of breast cancer• Possible side effects include hot flashes and
blood clots
MEN
• More than 2 million men have the disease and nearly 12 million more are at risk
• Alendronate and PTH are approved for treatment of osteoporosis in men
FALL PREVENTION
OsteoporosisFalls Break Bones
• You can prevent most falls– Improve your balance, coordination, and strength
through weight-bearing physical activity such as dancing or Tai Chi
– Review medicines with a health care professional (some medicines may cause drowsiness or dizziness)
– Have your vision checked– Make your home safer
Protect Your BonesWays to Make Your Home Safer
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Have handrails and plenty of light in all stairways.
Wear shoes that give good support and have non-slip soles.
Don’t use stepstools. Keep items you need within easy reach.
Maintain a clear path to the bathroom.
Make sure your walkways are wide enough.
Remove all small rugs. They can make you trip.
Move phone and electrical cords away from walkways and open areas.
Make sure that all areas are well lit. Use bright light bulbs.
Be aware that some medications, including over-the-counter medicines, can make you dizzy or sleepy.
Get your vision checked.
Remove things that you may trip over from stairs and places where you walk.
Protect Your Bones Ways to Make Your Home Safer
12
5 Remove all small rugs. They can make you trip.
Use non-slip mats in the bathtub or shower. Have grab bars put in next to your toilet and in the bathtub or shower.
Bone Health & Oral Health• Oral health care is important. • Bone loss in the jaw and osteoporosis have
been linked• The loss of bone supporting the jaw and
anchoring our teeth can lead to loose teeth, tooth loss and ill fitting dentures.
• Your dentist may be the first health professional to suspect osteoporosis.
• Women with osteoporosis have been reported to have 3 x more tooth loss than women without the disease.
Summary You are never too old or too young
to improve your bone health
• Adults– At least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity a day– Strength and balance training– Protect from falls– Eye exam to check for visual impairments– Bone density test with a fracture after age 50, and for
everyone with risk factors– Bone density test for all women over age 65– Extra calcium and vitamin D over age 50– Medication, if indicated, to prevent
bone loss or build new bone
• Children & Teens– Teens are at greater risk for poor bone health because of
rapidly growing bones and poor diet– At least one hour of physical activity a day
– Increase calcium during teens
• Babies– Bone health begins before birth
SummaryYou are never too old or too young
to improve your bone health
Everyone has a Role to Play in Improving Bone Health
This report is a starting point for national action
How Can You Help?Educate Others
• Know your own risks
• Improve your bone health habits and those of your family
• Tell your family and friends about the importance of bone health
• And remember…you are never too young or too hold to improve your bone health.
How Can You Help?Educate Others
Let’s Work Together to Get KentuckyBone Healthy!
Acknowledgements
Thanks to:
Florida Department of Health
Osteoporosis Prevention & Education Program
(Slides adapted from Florida Department of Health’s Osteoporosis Prevention Curriculum for Adults)
Resources• The 2004 Surgeon General’s Report on Bone Health and
Osteoporosis: What It Means to Youhttp://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/bonehealth
• National Osteoporosis Foundation http://www.nof.org • American Dental Association
http://www.ada.org/public/media/releases/0210_release08.asp• American Dietetic Association:
http://www.eatright.org/cps/rde/xchg/ada/hs.xsl/advocacy_1743_ENU_HTML.htm
• Center for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/brfss; http://www.cdc.gov/nhanes
• National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease. Health Topics: Oral Health and Bone Disease. http://www.niams.nih.gov/bone/hi/oralhealth_bone.htm
Kentucky Department for Public Health
Osteoporosis Prevention and Education Program
502-564-7996 ext. 3777