prevalent surgical affections among calves · breeding farms al–tobgy farm (300 calves) samir...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves:
A Comparative study between buffaloes and cattle
by
fouad, k.; gohar, h.; abu-seida, a. and el-mahdi, m.
![Page 2: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
Most of the available literatures defined the calf as young bovine (cattle or buffalo), either male or female, of one year old or less.
![Page 3: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
A boy and a calf together drinking from a cow. From the tomb of Baqt at Beni Hassan, Twelfth Dynasty (Rosalind and Janssen, 1989).
![Page 4: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
INTRODUCTION • Beef calf formed the prime offering to the gods,
other meat, apart from venison and fowl, being too lowly esteemed.
• The god received only the head and leg and the remainder went for human consumption.
• Although cattle were bred in Old Egypt, they
were also imported in substantial numbers from neighboring countries.
![Page 5: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
Rock drawings of calves were found at Karnak temple in Luxor, the presented calves were characterized by bifurcated tails and three horns.
![Page 6: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
• Surgical affections among calves whether congenital or acquired are numerous and variable.
• Some of the congenital and most of the acquired affections are liable to be corrected surgically.
![Page 7: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
THE AIM OF THE WORK
1- To record the prevalent surgical affections in
calves .
2- To study the possible role of breed and age of calves and environment on the distribution of these affections among calves.
![Page 8: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Material and Methods
![Page 9: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Materials and Methods
Fayoum
Giza
Cairo
Al-Menofia
Kafr El-Sheikh
The present study was carried out in 5 provinces
![Page 10: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Materials and Methods
1398 Buffalo Calves
1339 Foreign breeds Cattle Calves (Friesian, Brown Swiss and Holstein)
620 Native Cattle calves
The present study was carried out on 3357 calves
![Page 11: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Materials and Methods
These calves were of both sexes and their age was up to one year.
![Page 12: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Materials and Methods
Veterinary Clinics
Governmental and private clinics at Fayoum province.
Surgery clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University.
Governmental and private clinics at Giza province
![Page 13: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves)
Samir Mina farm (150 calves)
Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves)
Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)
Ahmed Mahmoud farm (250 calves)
Dina farm (200 calves)
Sakha farm (80 calves)
Azab Military farm (50 calves)
Al–Watania company farm (200 calves)
Yasser El-Laham farm (180 calves)
Al–Monofy farm (115 calves)
![Page 14: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Quarntin of abattoirs
Al–Bassatin slaughter house (600 calves)
Al–Moneeb slaughter house (300 calves)
Al–Fayoum slaughter house (140 calves)
![Page 15: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Live-stock markets
At Fayoum province (200 calves)
At Giza province (190 calves)
![Page 16: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Small-sized calf herds owned by farmers
At Fayoum province
At Giza province
At Cairo province
![Page 17: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
All calves were subjected to thorough clinical examination to pick up those suffering from surgical affections
Materials and Methods
![Page 18: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Owner's information
• Animal description:
• Owner’s complaint
• Case history:
• System of nutrition
• System of housing
• History of delivery
• Onset of the signs
• Previous history of disease
• Previous history of medications
• Physical examination: Body temp., Pulse, Resp. rate, m.membrane Rumen motility Lymph nodes
Examination Sheet
![Page 19: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Special clinical examination • Laboratory examination • Radiographic examination • Ultrasonographic examination • Histopathological examination • Post mortem examination • Tentative diagnosis • Treatment • Result of therapy
.
Examination Sheet
![Page 20: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
RESULTS
![Page 21: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Results
Calves
Examined calves
Affected calves
Incidence
Foreign breeds’ cattle calves 1339 118 8.8 %
Native breed cattle calves 620 49 7.9 %
Buffaloes, calves 1398 89 6.4 %
Total 3357 256 7.6%
![Page 22: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Results
Calves Examined calves
Congenital anomalies
(22.3%)
Acquired affections
(77.7)
Foreign breeds’ cattle calves 1339 2.8% 6
Native breed cattle calves 620 2.4% 5.5
Buffaloes, calves 1398 0.4% 6
![Page 23: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Surgical Affections 1st. Month 2nd. Month 3rd. Month
Eye Affections 3 14 18
Umbilical infections 20 16 5
Integumentary Affections 2 14 5
Hernias 13 17 3
Musculoskeletal Affections 6 6 8
Tail Affections 1 - -
Urinary System Affections - 1 1
Digestive System Affections 3 2 -
Nervous System Affections - - -
Total number 48 70 40
Number of the affected calves in relation to age
61.7% of surgical affections were diagnosed in calves under three months of age.
![Page 24: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Etiology of Surgical affections in Calves
Infection (50%)
Congenital cause (36.1%)
Trauma (13.9%)
![Page 25: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Eye affections 18.0%
Umbilical infections 17.6%
Integumentary affections 15.3%
Hernias 14.9%
Musculoskeletal affections 14.9%
Tail affections 11.7%
Urinary system affections 4.6%
Digestive system affections 2.7%
Nervous system affections 0.3%
Prevalence of Surgical Affections in Calves
![Page 26: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Congenital anomalies Anomalies
Examined calves
Cattle calves (1959)
Buffalo calves (1398)
Total No. of cases
Native breed
(620)
Foreign breeds (1339)
Congenital hernias
3
25
3
31
Supernumerary teats
6
8
-
14
Contracted tendons
2
2
-
4
Atresia ani
3
1
-
4
Harelip
1
-
-
1
Polymelia
-
1
-
1
Double monster
-
-
1
1
Congenital lateral deviation of premaxilla
-
-
1
1
Total No.
15
37
5
57
![Page 27: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Eye affections
Affections
Cattle calves Buffalo calves
(1398)
Total calves
Native breed
(620)
Foreign breeds (1339)
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
1
25
-
26
Catarrhal conjunctivitis
1
8
2
11
Purulent conjunctivitis
1
2
2
5
Abscesses of 3rd. eyelid
-
1
1
2
Panophthalmitis
-
1
-
1
Ruptured eyeball
-
1
-
1
Total number
3
38
5
46
![Page 28: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• It represented 56.5% of the total eye affections. It was only diagnosed during summer among calves of two-four months age.
• Friesian calves were the most affected ones
Bovine keratoconjunctivitis
![Page 29: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• It was more common in farms with sandy floor.
Catarrhal conjunctivitis
![Page 30: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Aabscess of the 3rd eyelid
![Page 31: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Umbilical infections
Examined calves
Affections
Cattle calves (1959) Buffalo calves
(1398)
Total (3357)
Native breed (620)
Foreign breeds (1339)
Omphalitis
5
10
16
31
Omphalophlebitis
-
2
2
4
Umbilical granuloma
-
-
4
4
Urachitis
-
1
3
4
Omphaloarteritis
-
-
2
2
Total No. of affected calves
5
13
27
45
![Page 32: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• The total incidence was 1.3%.
• The highest incidence was in buffalo calves (1.9%).
• About 80% of the affected cases were two week-two month- old .
Umbilical Infections
![Page 33: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• Ultrasonographic examination of the umbilicus showed a large anechoic cavity filled with fluid (watery pus) and surrounded by hyperechoic thick capsule
Omphalitis
![Page 34: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Omphalophlebitis
![Page 35: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Umbilical granuloma
Umbilical granuloma, showing areas of edema and greatly dilated blood vessels and large area of hemorrhage
![Page 36: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Urachitis
![Page 37: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Urachitis
The inflamed urachus duringand after surgery (a) extending caudally to the urinary bladder
.
![Page 38: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Integumentary Affections Affections
Cattle calves
Buffalo calves
Total calves
Native breed
Foreign breeds
Supernumerary teats
6
8
-
14
Cutaneous papillomas
3
4
-
7
Oedematous skin disease
-
-
6
6
Ear wounds
1
3
-
4
Subcutaneous abscesses
-
-
2
2
Phlegmon
1
1
-
2
Faulty dehorning
-
2
-
2
Claw affections
1
1
-
2
Total numbers
12
19
8
39
![Page 39: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Cutaneous Papillomatosis
![Page 40: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Oedematous Skin Disease
![Page 41: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Ear Wounds
![Page 42: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Abscesses
Ultrasonogram of the abscess showing a large anechoic cavity containing hyperechoic particles and surrounded with a thick hyperechoic capsule
![Page 43: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Hernias Calves Examined calves Affected calves Incidence
Foreign breeds’ cattle calves 1339 30 2.2%
Native breed cattle calves 620 3 0.5
Buffaloes, calves 1398 5 0.4%
Total 3357 38 1.1%
Umbilical hernia represented 94.7% Ventral abdominal hernia represented 5.3%. Congenital hernia represented 83.3%. Acquired hernias represented 16.7%.
![Page 44: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Hernias a-Reducible umbilical hernia
in a 45-day-old Friesian calf.
b-Ultrasonogram of the umbilicus of the same calf. The hernial ring (arrows) appeared as a hypoechoic region separating the hyperechoic body wall.
![Page 45: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Hernias a-Reducible umbilical
hernia in a 45–day-old Friesian calf.
b-Ultrasonogram of the umbilicus showing hyperechoic circular omental fold representing the hernial content with lateral shadowing
![Page 46: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Hernias Ultrasonogram of an umbilical hernia showing hyperechoic sac containing hyperechoic folds and heterogenous contents representing the abomasum under the skin
![Page 47: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Hernias
Ultrasonogram of infected umbilical hernia in a calf showing hyperechoic granules surrounded by anechoic area followed by thick hyperechoic capsule representing abscess formation (arrow) inside the hyperechoic omentum
![Page 48: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Hernias
a-Congenital ventral abdominal hernia in a three-day–old native breed calf.
b-The same calf 15 days post surgery suckling its dam.
![Page 49: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Musculoskeletal affections Affections Incidence
Bursitis 36.8%
Arthritis 23.6%
Fractures 13.1%
Contracted tendons 10.5%
Polymelia 2.6%
Congenital deviation of premaxilla 2.6%
Double monster 2.6%
Tarsal cellulites 2.6%
Tarsal hydrops 2.6%
![Page 50: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Congenital contracted tendons
Congenital contracted tendons in both hind limbs (a) and both fore limbs (b) in two calves.
![Page 51: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Congenital lateral deviation of the premaxilla
![Page 52: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Chronic presternal bursitis
![Page 53: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Precarpal bursitis
![Page 54: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Arthritis
![Page 55: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Arthritis Lateromdial view
of the left carpal joint of a calf showing widening of the joints’ spaces with irregular margins of the carpal bones.
![Page 56: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Septic pedal arthritis
Septic pedal arthritis in calves showing sinuses discharging pus at the coronet (arrows).
![Page 57: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Fractures
Bilateral compound fractures at both fibulotarsal bones in a seven-month-old native breed calf.
![Page 58: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Tail affections
Affections
Cattle calves
Buffalo calves
Total Native
breed
Foreign breeds
Tail necrosis
-
-
21
21
Brachyury
1
6
-
7
Tail fractures
2
-
-
2
Total
3
6
21
30
![Page 59: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Tail Necrosis
Tail necrosis in buffalo calves
![Page 60: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Brachury
Brachury in cattle calves
![Page 61: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Tail fractures
Tail fracture and gangrene in a cattle calf. Dorsoventral radiographic view of the tail showing fracture and
displacement of the 8th. coccygeal vertebra.
![Page 62: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Ruptured urinary bladder
Calves
Examined calves
Affected calves
Incidence
Foreign breeds’ cattle calves 1339 1 0.1%
Native breed cattle calves 620 6 1%
Buffaloes, calves 1398 4 0.3%
Total 3357 11 0.4%
![Page 63: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Ruptured urinary bladder
Ruptured urinary bladder in a native breed calf
![Page 64: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Ruptured urinary bladder
a-Ultrasonogram of the urinary bladder showing the site of rupture (arrow).
b-The same urinary bladder during surgery showing the site of rupture (arrow).
![Page 65: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Affections of digestive system
Affections Number
Atresia ani with rectovaginal fistula 3
Atresia ani 1
Congenital harelip 1
Esophageal obstruction 1
Rectal prolapse 1
![Page 66: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Atresia ani and recto-vaginal fistula
![Page 67: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Atresia ani
Atresia ani in a calf showing bulging of the rectum and setons at the site of anus (arrow ).
![Page 68: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Esophageal obstruction
Cervical esophageal obstruction in a one–year–old buffalo calf (arrows ).
![Page 69: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Rectal prolapse
a- Old ulcerated rectal prolapse in a five-month-old buffalo calf. (b): The same calf after surgery.
![Page 70: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Radial paralysis
Left radial paralysis in a ten–month–old buffalo calf showing flexion of carpal, fetlock and phalangeal joints and atrophy of the triceps muscle .
![Page 71: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Conclusions
![Page 72: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
CONCLUSIONS
• The total incidence of surgical affections among the examined calves was 7.6%
• Its incidence was
- 8.8% in foreign breeds’ cattle calves.
- 7.9% in native breed cattle calves.
- 6.4% in buffalo calves.
![Page 73: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
CONCLUSIONS
• 61.7% of surgical affections in calves were diagnosed during the first three months of age
• The main causes of these affections were:
- Infection (50%).
- Congenital cause (36.1%).
- Trauma (13.9%).
![Page 74: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
CONCLUSIONS Prevalent surgical affections among Foreign
breeds cattle calves were Umbilical hernia, infections bovine keratoconjunctivitis and umbilical infections.
Prevalent surgical affections among Buffalo
calves were umbilical infections and tail necrosis.
Prevalent surgical affections among Native
breed calves were Supernumerary teats and ruptured urinary bladder.
![Page 75: Prevalent Surgical Affections among Calves · Breeding Farms Al–Tobgy farm (300 calves) Samir Mina farm (150 calves) Aziz Ysa farm (100 calves) Iskander Habib farm ( 90 calves)](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052611/5f0456cb7e708231d40d7d75/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)