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BIOMEDICAL POLYMERSB.Sc. Project Report

Presented by

Paulami Bose

+3 IIIrd Year CHEMISTRY

Univ. Roll : 309S198

Exam Roll : D10/CH-012

Under the supervision of

Dr. Tungabidya MaharanaUG Department of Chemistry

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What is Biomedical Polymer??A variety of polymers have been used for medical careincluding preventive medicine, clinical inspections,

and surgical treatments of diseases. Among the

polymers employed for such medical purposes, a

specified group of polymers are called polymeric

biomaterials when they are used in direct contact with

living cells of our body.

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Biodegradable Polymers

Applications

1. A bioresorbable material is designed to degrade within thebody after performing its function.

2. Min imal requ irements o f b iomater ials

Non-toxic (biosafe)

Effective

SterilizableBiocompatible

3. Once implanted, a biodegradable device should maintain its

mechanical properties until it is no longer needed and then be

absorbed by the body leaving no trace. The backbone of the polymer

is hydrolytically unstable. That is, the polymer is unstable in a waterbased environment.

4. Biodegradable/hydrolysable polymers have specific applications in

Sutures, Dental devices, Orthopedic fixation devices, Tissue

engineering scaffolds and Biodegradable vascular stents

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Non-Biod egradable Polym er

Applications

Generally high molecular weight polymers that do not degrade in the

body can be classified as bioinert.

Most problems that occur are due to leaching of plasticisers and

additives.

It is important to characterise the grade in use.

Surface reactions and absorption of proteins can cause problems.

Surface texture and form of the implant are important.

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Images of Biomedical Polymers

Braided Polyester Multifilament nylon Polythetrafluoroethylene

an Artificial Kidney

a Ventricular Assist Device

Commercialsutu

res

SchematicDiagram

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App l ications o f B iomedical polym ers

Polymer Applications Polymer Applications

PDMSCatheters

Heart ValvesPolytetrafluoroethylene

Heart valves

Vascular

grafts

Nerve repair

Polyurethaneventricular

assist devicesPolyethylene

Catheters,hip,

Prostheses

PGA, PLA

and PLGA

Drug delivery,

devices

Polymethylmethacrylate

(PMMA)

Fracture

fixation

Cellophane

Dialysis

membranes

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Future Prospects

Developing biomaterials with surface modification techniques forthe incorporation of low surface energy fluorocarbon containingsurface modifying and bioactive agents

Study of the biodegradation of composites and bonding ofrestorative resins to teeth/material interfaces.

Use of degradable polymers with porous calcium polyphosphatesfor soft connective tissue-to-bone attachment. Degradable polymersfor orthopedic tissue regeneration applications

Analysis of material blood compatibility by protein adsorption,enzyme assays and platelet adhesion

Development of antimicrobial materials for implantable medicaldevices

Development of biodegradable vascular graft materials

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Advantages of Biomedical

PolymersDisadvantages of

Biomedical Polymers

Used as implant and will notnecessitate a second surgicalevent for removal.

Costly procedures have now

been given new lower costalternatives.

Polymers will continue toimprove medicine to makeprocedures and applicationssafer and more efficient.

Most of the clinically usedbiomaterials lackexcellent biocompatibility

Shows various problemswhen used aspermanently as implantsin our body.

Low effectiveness is

another problem ofcurrently usedbiomaterials.

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Conclusion

References Biomaterials, Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering by Dr Robert

Hill, Imperial College, London http:/ / www. cpia. ca/ anti-litter/ pdf/ BIODEGRADEABLE POLYMERS A

REVIEW 24 Nov. 2000. Final. PDF

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=433261600

Indeed, biomaterials have already made a huge impact on medical

practices. But, the opportunities that lie ahead of us are enormous.

We expect that in the future, even more than today, surgeons will

have available a number of products using biodegradable products

that will speed patient recovery and eliminate follow-up surgeries.