PowerPoint Presentation

Health & the Determinants of Health

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When health is absent Wisdom cannot reveal itself Art cannot manifest Strength cannot fight Wealth becomes useless And Intelligence cannot be appliedHerophilus, 335280 BC Physician to Alexander the GreatIntroduction

Perfect HealthDeathEvery state of health can be placed somewhere along the lineIntroduction Dimension of Health Continuum

Regarding the dimensions of the health. Its not that at one end of there is perfect health and at the other end there is death, rather it is a continuum and every state of health can be placed somewhere along the line.4

Introduction 5Dimension of Health

Physical MentalSocialEmotionalVocationalOthers

The dimension of health include Physical Mental health- which is Freedom from internal conflicts Social Emotional mainly relates to FeelingVocational adjustment to work in context with the physical and mental healthOthers- like Cultural, , Educational, nutritional etc.5

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmityIntroduction

Thus the health has been defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity6

Modern People are under attacks by various factors Hazardous environment Stress Physical inactivity Infectious agents Unhealthy dietEvery yearwe loseSomething

we can safe,if we know how!Introduction

Modern People are under attacks by various factors such as Hazardous environment Stress Physical inactivity Infectious agents Unhealthy dietDue to which, Every year we loseSomethingwe can safe, if we know how!

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Risky behaviour SmokingAlcoholDrugsDietary habitsPhysical inactivityIntroduction

The situation is further aggravated due to our risky behavior such as smoking, alcohol consumption, drug abuse, unhealthy dietary habits, physical inactivity etc8

Lifestyle changes vs specific treatment

Introduction

This slide tells us that the Role of determinants of health is more important than vaccine or the specific treatment. As The incidence of the diseases dropped due to lifestyle modifications long before the advent of the vaccines.9

To briefly discuss about health and its determinants Aim

With this I come to the aim of my presentation which is to briefly discuss about health and its determinants.10

Determinants of health Health ModelsRecommendations Conclusion

Sequence

The sequence of my presentation is as shown on viewfile11

Determinants of Health

Health determinants 12

Range of inter-related personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status

Determinants of Health

Range of inter-related personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status 13

Determinants of Health

A brief description of the real determinants of health14

Determinants of Health Human biologyEnvironmentLifestyleHealth care system Social conditions in which people live and workDeterminants of Health

The determinants of health can be categorized according to Human biologyEnvironmentLifestyleHealth care system Social conditions in which people live and work

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Human Biology

Human biology16

Human biologyBiological factors are the primary determinant of healthMain biological factors EndogenousGenetic heritage Passive immunityExogenousOther living things (microorganisms)Determinants of Health

Biological factors are the primary determinant of healthThe main biological factors are EndogenousSuch as the Genetic heritage And Passive immunityWhereas the Exogenous factors could be Other living things such as the microorganisms

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Determinants of HealthHeredity

Thus heredity and gender play an important role in the health of the individual18

Environment

Environment 19

Environment PhysicalHuman CultureCustoms ReligionEnvironment ExternalInternal Determinants of Health

Environment can be physical such as the natural things around usAnd the Human environment comprising of man made things, especially CultureCustoms ReligionEnvironment can also be categorized as external and internal20

Determinants of HealthEnvironment

There is interplay between beliefs, customs, values and attitudes21

Determinants of HealthEnvironmentTraditionsBeliefs

And thus Health is affected by traditions and beliefs of the family and the community

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Lifestyle

Lifestyle matters 23

HEALTH

Determinants of HealthLifestyle

and health is affected by the various lifestyles of the individuals 24

HEALTH

Determinants of HealthLifestyle

Thus it is important to have a positive attitude in life and adopt healthy lifestyles.25

Health Care System

Health care system plays an important role in the outcome of the health26

Health Care System Health Determinants

The major stakeholders are the Government, the general public themselves, non governmental organizations, health insurance companies, the hospital administration and the health care provides27

Health Care System organization Health Determinants

The health care delivery system is categorized into primary, secondary and tertiary levels. The primary level should be the base and maximum person should be treated there.28

Health Determinants 29

AccessQuality Safety CoverageSix building blocks of a Health System WHO Health System Framework

The six basic inputs of the health sector are Service delivery, health workforce, information, medical products, financing and leadership. The health services should be assessable, the coverage universal, with quality and safety. The health outcome of this system will be improved health, responsiveness, Social & Financial Risk Protection and improved efficiency.

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Social

Social factors 30

Social class is a powerful determinant of healthWhen the Titanic sank in 19124 first class female passengers .. Of a total of 143 were lostAmong the second class passengers, 15 of 93 females drowned and among the third class, 81 of 179 female passengers went down with the ship The third class passengers were ordered to remain below, at the point of the gunSocial conditions

Social class is a powerful determinant of healthWhen the Titanic sank in 19124 first class female passengers .. Of a total of 143 were lostAmong the second class passengers, 15 of 93 females drowned and among the third class, 81 of 179 female passengers went down with the ship The third class passengers were ordered to remain below, at the point of the gun

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Social Determinants of Health

Economic stabilityEnvironmentEducationFoodCommunity & Social contextHealth Care SystemEmploymentHousingLiteracyHungerSocial integrationHealth coverageIncomeTransportationLanguageAccess to healthy options Support systemsProvider availabilityExpensesSafety Childhood EducationCommunity engagement Provider linguistic and cultural competencyDebtParksVocational trainingDiscriminationQuality of careMedical bills support Playgrounds Walkability Higher education

The factors can be broadly categorized into Economic stability, Environment, Education, Food, Community & Social context and Health Care System

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Economic stabilityAbsence of excesses fluctuations Social Determinants of Health

Stable economy leads to greater spending on health care33

Physical environment Social Determinants of Health

Good environment has a positive effect on health34

Education Social Determinants of Health

Good education from primary to professional college is important, because, education is directly linked with good hygiene and thus good health.35

Food Social Determinants of Health

We have the choice to go for unhealthy or the healthy food36

Social Determinants of HealthFood

Food habits transform our shapesOur choices of food determine the shape And we can choice how we look37

Social context Social Determinants of Health

Humans are social and cannot live in isolation, and thus are affected by the social environment around them38

Social Determinants Matters

A lot has to be done to built a just society with no disparities where everyone lives in harmony. 39

40Health Model

Health models describe The interplay of the determinants of health40

Health and well-being of individuals and populations across all age groups is influenced by a range of factors BiomedicalBehavioural Socio-economic

Health Model

The health and well-being of individuals and populations across all age groups is influenced by a range of factors Thus health models were made on the basis of BiomedicalBehavioural Socio-economic 41

Dahlgren and Whitehead 1991, Rainbow Model Describes the layers of influence on an individual's health Health Model

Dahlgren and Whitehead in 1991 proposed the Rainbow Model Describes the layers of influence on an individual's health Theses are the Fixed (core, non-modifiable), such as age, sex and genetics And a Set of potentially modifiable factors expressed as a series of layers of influence namely Personal lifestylePhysical and social environment Wider socio-economic, cultural and environment conditions

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Rainbow Model by Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991) US the relative impact of the various domains of health determinants have been determined Health Model

In the US the relative impact of the various domains of health determinants have been determined 30% is from genetic predispositions40% is from behavioural/lifestyle patterns15% is from social circumstances5% is from environmental exposuresand 10% is from shortfalls in medical care

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Way forward

The way forward is to 44

Biology & Genetic EndowmentHealthy Child DevelopmentHealth ServicesGenderCultureSocial Support NetworksEducation & LiteracyPhysical EnvironmentSocial EnvironmentEmployment & Working ConditionsPersonal Health Practices & Coping SkillsIncome & Social Status Health determinants

At least concentrate on the 12 core determinates of health45

Recommendations

Recommendations 46

IndividualInterpersonalFamily, Friends, Social NetworkOrganizationalOrganization, School, WorkplaceCommunityDesign, access, connectedness, spacesHealth is neither created nor maintained solely within the health sectorPublic PolicyNational, provincial, territorial local laws & policy Recommendations

At the individual level enhance knowledge, have a positive attitude and improve our skillsAt the interpersonal level improve ties amongst family, friends Improvement of hygiene and sanitation At the organizational level Community participation at each every levelAnd implementation of public policies47

48Conclusion

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Conclusion We know what makes us ill When we are ill we are toldThat its you who will heal usWhen we come to youOur rags are torn off usAnd you listen all over our bodyAs to the cause of our illnessOne glance at our rags, would Tell you moreIt is the same cause, that wears outOur bodies and our clothes A Workers Speech to a Doctor by Bertolt Brecht, 1938

I conclude by quoting A Workers Speech to a Doctor by Bertolt Brecht, 1938We know what makes us ill When we are ill we are toldThat its you who will heal usWhen we come to youOur rags are torn off usAnd you listen all over our bodyAs to the cause of our illnessOne glance at our rags would Tell you moreIt is the same cause that wears outOur bodies and our clothes

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THANK YOU

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