presentation: green river temperature and salmon...and salmon prepared by king county science and...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Presentation: Green River temperature and salmon...and Salmon Prepared by King County Science and Technical Support Section Kollin Higgins presenting . for Josh Kubo. Technical Briefing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050103/5f41c9ce5b2cfb30ce675bc3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Green River Temperature and Salmon
Prepared by King County Science and Technical Support Section
Kollin Higgins presenting for Josh Kubo
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Technical Briefing Rationale
• Warm water temperatures influence salmonid survival in WRIA 9
• Three temperature TMDLs in WRIA 9
– Middle/Lower Green, Newaukum Creek (approved)
– Soos Creek (underway)
• WRIA 9 temperature-related conservation hypothesis (All-7)
– Protecting/improving water quality, specifically water
temperature and chemical contamination conditions
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Factors Influencing Stream Temperature• Climatic drivers
– Solar radiation, air temperature, precipitation, wind
• Stream morphology
– Stream dimension, patterns, profile, bed material
• Groundwater, hyporheic, tributaries, and tides
• Riparian corridor conditions
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Temperature Impacts on Chinook Life Stages
Adult Upstream Migration
• Increased metabolic demand and disease exposure• Delayed migration• Direct lethality
Adult Pre -spawning
• Increased susceptibility to disease, disease virulence• Decreased immune system condition• Reduced gamete quality and quantity
Adult Spawning • Reduced fertilization success and embryo survival to emergence
Egg Incubation -hatching
• Reduced embryo success, hatching-emergence, condition, and survival
• Increased abnormalities and mortality• Altered metabolic rates, metabolic energy deficits
Juvenile rearing and outmigration
• Reduced growth, feeding rates, competitive advantage with warm-water species, and survival
• Increased susceptibility to disease• Altered development and migration timing
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Washington State Water Temperature Standards - Thresholds
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Potential Temperature-related Impacts to Chinook in the Green River
USGS/WDFW River Mile
020406080
Tem
pera
ture
(o C)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Mainstem 7DMaxWater Quality StandardPotential Lethality ThresholdTributary 7DMax
HowardHanson
Dam
SundayCk SmayCk
GaleCk
CharleyCk
NFGreen
CohoChnl
Crisp Creek (40d)
LonesLeveeChnl
Newaukum Creek (44a)Soos Creek (54a)
Mill Creek (41a)
Duwamish (13a)
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Temperature related Impacts to Chinook in the Green River-daily scale
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Seasonal Temperature related Impacts to Chinook in the Green River
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Potential Climate Change Impacts
• Changes in precipitation and temperature regimes
• Shift from rain-snow and snow-dominant to rain-dominant
• Increased flood magnitude and frequency
• Shifts in biological processes, ecological connections, and life history patterns/timing
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By the 2080sNumber of river miles exceeding thermal tolerances are projected to increase by greater than 70 miles for salmon
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Human Alterations to River Thermal Regimes
• Dams (altered thermal and flow variability)
• Water withdrawals (reduced instream flows)
• Channel engineering (reduced connectivity and extent)
• Vegetation removal (reduced insulating properties)
• Land-uses (altered hydrologic regime)
• Climate change (altered precipitation, hydrologic, and thermal regimes)
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Strategies for Cooler Water Temperatures• Protect riparian forested areas • Plant wide, contiguous riparian buffers of tall trees• Protect existing cold water refugia (temperature
conditions beneficial for cold-water species such as salmonids)
• Protect and restore areas of hyporheic exchange and groundwater recharge
• Reduce water withdrawals from the watershed, encourage low impact development, and retrofit developed areas