presentation complete [mode de compatibilité]€¦ · presentation dry vacuum vapour recovery...

Process and Implementation Consultant

PresentationDry Vacuum Vapour Recovery Units

I. CarboVac shortly

II. Why to install a VRU

III. Recovery based on AC technology

IV. Terminal conditions for VRU implementations

V. A VRU in your terminal

VI. Marine Loading VRU

VII. Middle east climate specificities

Our market: Oil Product Distribution & Storage Companiesof the world as BP, Shell, Total, Oil Tanking, Vopak, Aramco… for their distribution activities

Marine Loading applications

Storage Applications

Truck and Rail car Loading

Any Climate & Environment

CarboVac in figures

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

20072008

20092010

2011

Orders Nb

Turnover

2007 First VRU outside Europe supplied to WOQOD petroleum in DOHA-QATAR2008 First VRU for chemicals (Benzene)2009 CarboVac opens CarboVac Vostock in Moscow-Russia2010 CarboVac starts working with international EPCs such as Samsung, EIL, Technip, DPL2011 CarboVac has been granted of his biggest contract value for IOCL

Carbovac USA is launched in Philadelphia

CarboVac Worldwide

Carbovac Vostockemail [email protected]

[email protected], 3th street Yamsokogo polyaBuilding 26 Office 318/319Moscow 125124 ‐ RUSSIAТел. +7 (495) 545 70 71 ‐ Факс +7 (495) 545 65 60www.carbovac.com

Carbovac SARLemail [email protected]

[email protected]@carbovac.com

38 rue de Paris 94470 Boissy Saint LegerFranceТеl. +33 145 980 017 – Fax. +33 143 826 884www.carbovac.com

CarboVac USAemail [email protected]

[email protected] West Lancaster AvenueArdmore, PA 19003‐1228USATel : (+610) 645‐5430 Fax : (+610) 645‐5501www.carbovac.com

Carbovac Asiaemail [email protected]

[email protected]. 33, Bangkit Road.# 12‐02, Chestervale.Singapore 679974. Phone: +65‐96708269 www.carbovac.com

CarboVac Worldwide

Carbovac officesCarbovac Partners

CarboVac main contacts in Europe

Combustion and Energy Italy Di GiovineVia per Dolzago 2123848 Oggiono (LC) - ITALYPhone ++39-0341-26.09.26Fax ++39-0341-57.77.47 [email protected]

METRANS MAKINA ENDUSTRISI URUNLERI Turkey Hakan Ersoy

Y.Dudullu, 1. Esensehir Mah.,Baraj Yolu Caddesi, Karakas Sokak No:17Umraniye, IstanbulTel: +90 216 540 6767Fax: +90 216 540 5696 [email protected]

IQ Tec Latvia Oleg BubeyevKr. Valdemara 149-406, Riga, LV-1013 LatviaPhone: +3717377565 Fax:+3717377186 Mob: +37129551773 [email protected]

ENERIC Ltd. Bulgaria Victor Georgiev Sofia 1164, Bulgaria Lozenetc, Yakubica 20 fl 4, ap. 14 tel:+35928624850 Mob:+359887687873 [email protected]

ALPHA MARINE ENGINEERING & VAPOREC Greece Vagelis Kanonis tel: +302108943220 - +302108980917

Fax : +302109680210 - +302108980917

ENRERGO Croatia Srdjan

Selska cesta 90A/VZagreb, CROATIAT +385 1 4876 864 F +385 1 4821 016www.energosistem.hr [email protected]

UAB Kopa Lithuania Daujotas

Laisves al. 76-2Kaunas, LITHUANIATel. +370 37 423535 Fax +370 37 223545

[email protected]@swcorporate.com

Sojitz Multiples through local offices S.Le Roux

Product ManagerSOJITZ EUROPE Paris Office 23 rue de la Paix 75002 PARIS (F)tel : 33 (0)1.58.56.17.06 [email protected]

CarboVac main contacts in Asia

CarboVac Asia Singapour Terence HahPhone: +65-96708269 [email protected]. 33, Bangkit Road.# 12-02, Chestervale.Singapore 679974.

EMPIRE INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT INDIA Mr Ajay Juneja

G-12 A, 2nd FloorHauz KhasNew Delhi 110016Mobile. + 91 9899854422 Tel. + 91 1141652332Fax. + 91 11 2652 1213

[email protected] www.empiremumbai.com [email protected]

[email protected]

PT WIJAYAPURA Indonesia Hari Danarbroto / Fanda

Jl. Jatinegara Timur No. 46Jakarta 13310, IndonesiaTel.: +62-21-819 3282 / 819 8981Fax: +62-21-819 9346 [email protected]

ABCO Korea Andrew oh

Park Center 5th floor# 90-7 Yangjae-DongSeocho-Gu, SeoulKoreatel. 82-2-532-5733 fax 82-2-532-5773Mobile 82-10-3099-3210

[email protected] [email protected]

Sojitz

Japan

S.Le Roux

SOJITZ EUROPE Paris Office 23 rue de la Paix 75002 PARIS (F)tel : 33 (0)1.58.56.17.06 [email protected]

China

CarboVac main contacts in Africa

CarboVac - Alma Algeria Zoubir Medili +21321480439 [email protected]

APS Nigeria Jean-Laurent Louis

2 rue d'uzes,75 002 Paris - France33 (0) 6 69 08 89 88234 (0) 802 32 90 021www.aps-export.com [email protected]

T.P.S Ltd Tanzanie Patrick HAYE

T.P.S Ltd31 Kurasini RoadP.O.Box 72376Dar es SalaamTanzaniaTel: 255 222 851 212Tel; 255 222 850 809Fax: 255 222 850 389Mob: 255 784 280 954 [email protected]

Sojitz Egypt S Le roux

Paris Office 23 rue de la Paix 75002 PARIS (F)tel : 33 (0)1.58.56.17.06 [email protected]

CarboVac main contacts in Middle East

Petro Middle East UAE Sinan Abu HantashP.O. Box 802, Abu Dhabi - U.A.ETel.: +9712 6212140Fax: +9712 6333422Mob.: +97150 6150297

Arabian Constuction Engg Co Qatar T.S. Mathan SivakumarPhone : 00974 -441 4862Fax : 00974 - 4430 112Mob : 00974 - 584 3181www.acecgroup.com [email protected]

Sojitz

Kuwait …

MOhan T.A.Sojitz Corporation, P.O. Box 31696Al-Khobar 31952, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaTel: 00966 3 893 9565 / Fax: 00966 3 898 5989Cell: 00966 50 569 1820www.sojitz.com [email protected]

Oman

A. Saudia

Shav-Tal Ltd. Israel Eitan Shavit Tel (Office): ++972-9-7488244Cell Phone: ++972-54-205 3000 [email protected]

Parto Co,.Ltd Iran Maoud Sahifi Tel: +98 21 22885086-9Fax:+98 21 22884977 [email protected]

Alhutheily Corporation Yemen Salahadin S. Al-Absi

7 July St. Khawlan Road,Alhutheily ZoneP.O.Box 3065 – Sana’aRepublic of YemenTel : 00 967 1 613 662 - 613 945 (EXT 222)Mobile : 00 967 - 777 111 132Direct : 00 967 1 613 544www.alhutheily.com [email protected]

CarboVac main contacts in America

IKSO Brazil Jose S Marinho LeiteAv Antonio Gazzola, 1001 9° andarItu – São Paulo – Brasil – CEP 13301-916

[email protected]

Petrogreen S.A. Argentina Ing Norma G. Toneguzzo

Av. Del Libertador 1366, Vicente López, código postal B1638BEZ, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaTe: 54 11 4795-8508 / Fax: 54 11 6385-0256

www.petrogreen.com.ar [email protected]@petrogreen.com.ar

ASERVIN Colombia David Aponte Morales

Calle 81 No 19ª-18 Edificio Reservas del Country Oficina 302 Bogota-Colombia [email protected]

SOJITZ

Chile

S.Le Roux

Product ManagerSOJITZ EUROPE Paris Office 23 rue de la Paix 75002 PARIS (F)tel : 33 (0)1.58.56.17.06 [email protected]

Peru

Venezuela

Canada

Some of CarboVac references

Date Client Location Type of Unit Details Project description Vapours treated

2011 EIL ‐ IOCL Pardip ‐ India 500‐15D25‐3x38C46‐V 99% recovery Turnkey marine loading VRU ‐ Full analysis shelter

MS regular andpremium, Naphtha,Paraxylene (Alone)

2011 Saudi ARAMCO (SATORP ‐ DPL) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 400‐4D25‐44C57‐V 98% recovery Turnkey Vapour Recovery Unit for Marine Loading

Gasoline, RBCB, PetrochemicalNaphta,

2011 Saudi ARAMCO (SATORP ‐ DPL) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 400‐4D25‐44C57‐V 98% recovery Turnkey Vapour Recovery Unit for Marine Loading

Gasoline, RBCB, PetrochemicalNaphta

2011 Saudi ARAMCO (SATORP ‐ DPL) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 400‐8D08‐44C57‐V 98% recovery Turnkey Vapour Recovery Unit for Marine Loading Paraxylene

December 2010 Samsung ‐ SONATRACH Skikda, Algérie 200‐2D12‐20C11‐C‐3E 10gHC/m3 Turnkey Vapour Recovery Unit for Fixed Roof Storage Tanks Light Naphtha,

August 2011 Vopak Amsterdam, Holland 400‐15D25‐3x38C45‐V 150 mgHC/m3 Turnkey Vapour Recovery unit for tanker loading facilities Crude oil, Gasoline, Diesel

March 2011 Petroleum & EnergyInfrastructures Ltd Haifa ‐ Israel 200‐3D25‐32C31‐V 150 mgHC/m3 Turnkey Vapour Recovery unit for

tanker loading facilities Crude oil, Gasoline, Diesel

April 2010 Oiltanking Amsterdam, Holland 250‐3D25‐36C32‐V 150 mgHC/m3 Rewmping iof an existing unit recovering marine tankers vapours Crude oil, Gasoline, Diesel

December 2009 Neste Oil / Technip It Rotterdam, Holland 250‐5D12‐30C27 150 mgHC/m3 Turnkey Vapour Recovery unit for tanker loading facilities Gasoline, crude oil

December 2009 Transneft Kosmino, Russia 600‐18D25‐3x54C84‐V 10 gHC/m3 Turnkey Vapour Recovery unit for tanker loading facilities Crude oil

October 2008 BP Amsterdam, Holland 500‐9(15)D25‐3x38C45‐2V10 gHC/m3, extensible to 150 mgHC/m3

Turnkey Vapour Recovery unit for tanker loading facilities Gasoline, diesel

Certificates

Sample of client letters

I. CarboVac shortly







VOC emissions impact on:

human health (Drivers, Operators… Neighbourhood) pollution of the troposphere (Global Warming)

Implementation of legislation and several regulations in particular on emissions in hydrocarbon storage and transfer terminals

Why to install a VRU

In the 80ies, 1st legislation : Clean Air Act on VOCEmission limit : 80 g/m3 loaded

In 1982, emission limit reduced to 35 g/m3 loaded (general case) and locally to 10 or 6 g/m3 loaded.

EPA: 35 g / m3 of product loaded (many states ask lower values)

Legislation

European Directive EC94/6335 g / m3 of air emitted (often 10 g / m3 is desired – Gothenburg protocol)3 phases :- 1998 : a VRU for all new terminals + terminal > 150 000 tons/year of gasoline- 2001 : a VRU for terminal > 25 000 tons/year- 2004 : a VRU for terminal > 10 000 tons/yearApplication for fuels with RVP > 276 mbar

TA-Luft 01 in Germany, LRV in SwitzerlandIf emission mass flow > 3 kg/h :150 mg HC/ m3 of air emitted (20. BImSchG)5 mg / m3 for benzene

Methane is excluded (difficult to recover, only destruction possible bycombustion with secondary emissions)

Legislation

In USA : emissions measured as a function of loaded gasolineComplex system required for EPA compliance testMeasurement of the entire volume during 6 hoursMeasurement of the average hydrocarbon concentrationMeasurement of the total volume of gasoline loaded during 6 hrsCalculation of the mass emitted/litre loaded averaged over 6 hrs

Continuous measuring system with complex and expensive devicesCIM : Control Inlet MonitoringCEM : Continuous Emissions Monitoring

In Europe : emissions measured as real emission concentrationSimple emissions monitor in the outlet line (infra-red detector)

Measurement

Measurement

Hypotheses :

Vapor inlet concentration : 40 % VolumeAverage outlet concentration :Average MW :

2g / Nm-3

65 (Gasoline vapours)

Masse of hydrocarbons recovered 1159.5 g / m-3 of inlet vapor

The recovery rate :

§ The effective recovery rate is 1 . 49 liter per m-3 Inlet vapor§ Vapor recovery rate 99. 9 %.

Calculation :

0.4 x 65Mass of hydrocarbons at inlet per m-3 = = 1160,7 g / m-3

22.4 x 10 - 3

Masse of hydrocarbons in the outlet per m-3 inlet = 2 x (1 - 0.4) = 1.2 g / m-3

Measurement

I. CarboVac shortly







Adsorption on Activated Carbon


The recovery process consists of 3 parts

1 - Adsorption of the hydrocarbons on activated carbon2 - Regeneration of the carbon by means of vacuum3 - Re-absorption of the hydrocarbons in a liquid product

During the loading of gasoline and diesel in trucks, the concentration of the vapours may vary between 0 to 50 % Vol. depending of :• the nature of the products previously loaded.• the loading station

Theses hydrocarbons are generally composed (% Vol) of :

C1 0 - 0.2.C2 0 - 0.45C3 1.5 - 3.8C4 37 - 50C5 22 - 43C6 8 - 12C7++ 1.7 - 5.4Benzene 0.26 - 2.6Toluene 0.36 - 1.8

Vapour composition

• Activated Carbon = most used adsorbents in the world

• Obtained through carbonization and activation of natural products and mineral charcoal

• The adsorption capacity depends on :– Specific internal surface (up to 1800 m2/gram)– Pore size and distribution– Base material properties


Heat released : 350 kJ / kg of hydrocarbons (exothermic) The adsorption effect improves with :

Heat required : 2200 kJ / kg of water (endothermic) increase of the pressure Equilibration of the temperature decrease of the temperature

increase of the concentrationLarge HC molecules are better adsorbed Selective recovery The phenomenon is reversible

The concentration of HC’s is increased

HC molecules

Water molecules


Phenomenon reversible Decrease of temperature

Smaller molecules better desorbed

Desorption increases with :low pressure desorption by vacuumhigh temperature low concentration air purge during end of desorption



Clean Air OutletPurge Air

during vacuum regeneration phase

Emission Zone

Transition Zone

Mass Transfer Zone

Inlet Vapour Mixture

The emission level of the system depends on carbon type, vacuum level and amount of purge air.

30 mbar for 50 - 100 mg/m3100 mbar for 1 – 5 g/m3

The saturation rate of the top layer of carbon is always low.

The transition zone of the carbon bed provides a buffer for variations in flow rate and concentration.

The mass transfer zone removes the bulk of the hydrocarbons

Vacuum desorption

Gas Inlet Gas Outlet

Cooling Liquid

Gear Oil

Desorption Curve

Desorption Curve

1510

Typical Pump Speed Curve

Cycle Time in minutes

Pressure in the Adsorber

%

100

10

Air or Nitrogen Purge

Energy consumption

Energy consumption increases with lower emission requirementsBasis 1200 g/m3 HC in the inlet to the VRU

Emissionin g/m3

35 20 10 1 0,15

Energy RequiredIn kWh/m3

0,08 0,09 0,09 0,1 0,2

g/m3 recovered 1179 1188 1194 1199,4 1199,916

Delta rec. in g 9 6 5,4 0,5

Energy consumption difference between 1g/m3 and 0,15 g/m3 is 2xExtra 0,5 gram recovered costs 0,1 kWh or 200kWh per kgTo make this energy we need to burn 75 x the equivalent as fuel

Energy consumption

Energy Consumption versus Emission Level

00,10,20,30,40,50,60,7

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Emission Level in mg/m3

Ene

rgy

Con

sum

ptio

n in

kW

h/m

3

Vacuum desorption

The dry technology permits to reduce the system to the essential components required for functioning. The vacuum pumps used in the CarboVac technology are totally dry and cause no pollution of the recovered products, eliminating all corrosion and abrasion problems related to “wet” systems.

The absence of glycol or any other seal fluids (compatibility problem) and a deep vacuum level offers the possibility to treat a vast range of products:

- Alcohol (Methanol, Ethanol)- ETBE- MTBE- Benzene (BTX)- Crude Oil- Gasoline…

CarboVac DRY Technology

Dry Vacuum Vapour Recovery Units ‐ PP Presentation

Inlet side Discharge side

Back to pump inletOpen to atmosphere



Advantages the Dry Vacuum Vapour Recovery System

• Effective energy reduction program

- Speed control of the dry screw vacuum pumps

- Energy consumption proportional to the mass of hydrocarbons loaded

• Activated Carbon

- Very low sensitivity for hot spots through heat balanced adsorption.

- Very good vapour distribution inside the adsorbers.

- Very low pressure drop over the carbon beds.

- Good mechanical resistance.

- Very good bleed through values for low emissions ( 0,01 et 5 g/m3).

- Long life time of more than 15 years.

• Re-absorber level control through frequency controlled return pump

Advantages the Dry Vacuum Vapour Recovery System

• Simplification of the process

The system is reduced to the absolute essential components required for functioning. There is no Glycol, no heat exchanger, no glycol circulation pump, no separator.

less space required.

• Absence of glycol

No attack on the glycol by bacteria and fungi causing acidity and corrosion No glycol losses and yearly exchanges.

• Less maintenance requirements

• Less energy consumption< 0.12 kWh/m 3 of vapor treated.

• Flexibility of the process - more products can be treated (alcohol, ethers, MTBE)

• Lower absorbents circulation flow rate.



Disadvantages of the Liquid Ring Systems

• Energy consumption ( 0.25 kWh/m3 of vapor treated on daily bases)

• Seal fluid system Glycol losses Problems with corrosion and abrasion

• Limited vacuum level ( 80 mbar abs.)

• Creation of secondary waste products

• Non compatibility with certain in glycol solvable products (alcohol, MTBE)

• Maintenance and quality checks of the glycol

LRVP disadvantages


• Why change to DRY

– Corrosion and abrasion– Energy consumption– Simplicity of the system– Range of vacuum levels– Range of products to recover– Proportional energy control

LRVP disadvantages


• Selection of Vacuum Pumps

– Roots blowers (single, multi stage)– Rotary vane pumps (dry, oil lubricated)– Dry screw pumps

Vacuum pumps technology choices


• Roots Blowers (multi stage)

– Only low pressure drop possible per stage– Noise– Elevated internal temperatures– Inter stage cooling required– Maintenance sensitive equipment– High energy requirements



• Rotary vane pumps (waste oil principle)

– Moving parts touch inside the pump (friction)– Oil consumption– Pollution of the recovered product– Not explosion proof design– Very maintenance sensitive– Cannot handle liquid slugs– Not designed for process applications



• Dry screw vacuum pumps

– No touching part inside the pump (no friction)– Low energy consumption– No pollution of the recovered product– Can handle liquid slugs– Explosion proof design



• Specifics of the BUSCH COBRA

– Intermediate chambers between process and bearings (can be purged, flushed or vented)

– No mechanical seals (overhaul period >40 000 h)– Interesting standard capacity range (400, 800, 1200 and

2500 m3/h)– No nitrogen purge required– World wide service network



• Safety Aspects

– Robust construction– Low pumping temperatures ( 50°C, 120F )– No internal friction– Explosion proof design at 15 barg (220 psi)– Full monitoring by VSD’s


I. CarboVac shortly







Refinery

Terminal Service-station

Car filling

Losses : 0,1 kg/m3Emission reduction measures up to 99%

Losses : 1 kg/m3Emission reduction measures up to 90%

Losses : 1 kg/m3Emission reduction measures up to 99%

Losses : 1 kg/m3Emission reduction measures up to 99,99 %

Recovery Chain

Service‐station :

– Pressure / vacuum relief valve to be installed in the ground tank vent line

– Vapour return connection to be installed on the tank vent line

Implementation of Stage 1…

To VRU

At the Service Station

At the Terminal

Stage 2

Stage 1

Car

EC Directive 94/63 Stage 1 and 2 for fuel distribution

Typical compartment truck

Truck:Truck modified to bottom loading

Overfill protection

All compartments connected to a central vapour collecting line equipped with 4" API coupler with check valve.

Vapour Collector connected to each compartment

4” API Vapour Coupler

Compartment cover serves aspressure safety relief valve

Typical compartment truck

• Terminal :– Modification from top loading to bottom loading if possible– Installation of a Vapour Recovery System– Vapour collecting line to the Vapour Recovery System – Use of a dedicated gasoline tank for recovered product– Installation of floating roof in fixed roof type storage tanks

or complete balancing of the vapour space to the VRU– Integration of a new process in the terminal and adaptation

of operating and safety procedures

Implementation of Stage 1

Main Vapour Line 12”

Top Filling Arm

With Cone & Vapour return

Connection

Vapour Hose attached to the Loading arm

Detonation

ArrestorCheck Valve

Typical Arrangement for Vapour Return from Truck Top Loading

Vapour Line

Pressure Vacuum Safety Valve

Detonation Arrestor

Level Switch

Drain valve

Vapour arm

Position Switch

VRU

Vapour Collecting System Truck loading Application

I. CarboVac shortly







PLC Power

Truck Loading Facility

Tank A

Tank B

P31P32

Vapour linesGasoline linesCabling

PC

Return line directly to storage tanks

Supply headers from storage tanks to loading pump station

VRU =

x m x y m x 10 m height minimumVapour line Air line

Gasoline circulation lines

Electrical connections kw installed

Elected storage TK

Elected storage TK

Terminal implantation

Scope of Supply VRU Tank Header for loading pumps

1” Thermal expansion relief Valve, 6 barg

Gasoline circulation Lines

Storage Tank

1” Line

Min Distance 3m

Return Pump

Supply Pump


Vapour

Recovery

Unit

CablingNitrogen

Water

Gasoline

in out

Foundation drainage

Modem lineOpen/close Emergency VentEmergency vent valve positionPowerInput (start/stop truck loading)Gasoline pump start /stop/running signalSite ESD signalVRU runningVRU alarm

Air Compressor(instrument quality)

Control buildingmodem

Operations Room PC &interactive keyboard

Cabling


Electrical Room

VRU

J M

PLC

PC

I

Power feed cable

PC Monitoring

Power cables to MotorsInstrument cables

Customer signals

Modem Supervision

P601

Power Cabinet

Control Cabinet

CONTROL ROOM

Carbovac FRANCE

Instrumentations

Modem

C301 C302 P501

LOCAL REP

Modem

Modem

I. CarboVac shortly






VII.Middle east climate specificities

Marine Loading VRU

Safety Valve

VRU

Tanker or Barge

PTPressure Transmitter maintains constant

pressure in vapour line

Ventilator

Detonation Arrestor

Absorbent circulation lines

Product loading line

Product Tank

Hydrocarbon vapours are heavier than air and form a layer on top of the product

This layer prevents further evaporation

Product loading arm

Vapour return line

Product and vapour headers on board

Vapours from Previous CargoLayer of

new Vapours

Marine Loading VRU

After 80% of the loading time the new vapours start leaving the vessel

At the end of the loading operation the relative vapour saturation will reach approximately 80%

Product loading arm

Vapour return line

Product and vapour headers on board

Layer of new Vapours

Marine Loading VRU

During unloading of the tanker inert gas or exhaust vapour is injected into the tanker.

The Oxygen content is less than 5% by volume

Overall vapour concentration after unloading is relatively low.

Product unloading arm

Inert Gas

Inert gas generator or

exhaust gasesProduct and vapour headers on board

Vapour Mixture from Previous Cargo and Inert Gas

Marine Loading VRU

25%

5%

Loading Time in %0% 80% 100%

Typical Concentration Profile for Gasoline Loading versus time

± 80% relative saturation

± 15% relative saturation

Vapo

ur C

once

ntra

tion

in

% b

y Vo

lum

e

Marine Loading VRU

Recovery of Vapours from Crude Oil

• Relatively high content of Methane

• Mercaptan

• Hydrogen Sulphide

• What to do with the Recovered Product

Marine Loading VRU

Methane

• Methane has a very low loading factor on activated Carbon

• The fraction retained will not re-absorbed in an Absorbent

• Finally all Methane goes to Atmosphere

Marine Loading VRU

Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)• H2S concentrations are usually low

• H2S decomposes to elementary Sulphur in the Pores of the Activated Carbon, which cannot be removed by Vacuum

• Treatment is possible by additional pre-filters using Limonite (Iron Ore) or special impregnated Carbon

8H2S + 4O2 S8 + 4H2O Activated Carbon

H2S O2 S8 Water Film with Potassium Iodide

30 °C

Marine Loading VRU

Recovered Product Solutions

• Return to Crude Oil Loading Line

• Re-absorption in an other available Light Product

• Liquefaction of the desorbed Vapour by Compression and Cooling

Marine Loading VRU

Product Tank

AlternativeCirculation

VRU

Crude Oil Tanker

Marine Loading VRU

I. CarboVac shortly







Specificities of Middle East climate

Influence of high Absorbent Temperature:

• True Vapour Pressure Increases (proportionally HC%) • Reflux from Re-absorber Column Increases• The VRU looses capacity

• Adsorption physics on Activated Carbon is not effected

Specificities of Middle East climate

TVP versus Temperature

0 ,00 0

0 ,20 0

0 ,40 0

0 ,60 0

0 ,80 0

1,00 0

1,20 0

25 30 35 40 45 50

Temperature in °C

TVP

in m

bar

abs

RVP7

RVP8

RVP9

Middle East Climate influence

TemperatureVapour Concentration in %Vol.

RVP7 RVP8 RVP9

25 34 40 44

30 40 47 53

35 48 54 61

40 56 65 73

45 65 76 85

50 76 87 98


Possible Solutions to reduce increase of RVP and Reflux problems:

• Increase of the pressure in the Re-absorber

• Cooling of the Absorbent

• Cooling with recovery of Energy

• By-Pass of the Re-Absorber

Column back pressure increase

Re-Absorber Absorbent CirculationDry Screw

Vacuum Pump

Vapour Inlet

Activated Carbon Beds

Clean Air Outlet

Cooling of the absorbent

Chiller UnitVRU

Return

Vacuum Pump

Supply Pump

E1

Vapour linesVacuum linesGasoline linesCold Cooling Water lines

StorageTank

By pass of the re‐absorber column

Re-Absorber Absorbent CirculationDry Screw

Vacuum Pump

Vapour Inlet

Activated Carbon Beds

Clean Air Outlet


3 Truck SpotVRU

Vac Pump Motor SizekW

Cons. Power

kW

Additional

kW

TotalkW Remarks

Standard Dry Vacuum VRU 22 20 0 20 TVP < 700 mbarg

Increased Column Pressure

+200 mbar 37 31 0 31 Limited at higher RVP's

Cooling (direct) ΔT=20°C 22 18 40 58 Temperature effects fully eliminated

Cooling with E-Recovery ΔT=20°C 22 18 20 38 Temperature effects fully

eliminated

Column By-Pass300

mbarAbs.

22 20 0 20 Limited at higher RVP's

Truck terminal in ME

Some Data:

• 8 Truck Loading Bays dedicated to gasoline

• The maximum RVP of this gasoline is 9 psi.

• At maximum absorbents temperatures of 45°C it is required to cool the gasoline before use in the absorption tower.

• VRU designed for 2000 m3/h

Truck terminal in ME

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

30 35 40 45 50

Gasoline Temperature in °C

Ref

lux

%

RVP7

RVP8

RVP9

HC Reflux

HC from Inletto ADS

Cooling with E‐Recovery

Chiller UnitVRU

Return

Vacuum Pump

Supply Pump

E2

E1

Vapour linesVacuum linesGasoline linesCold Cooling Water lines

StorageTank

45 °C40 °C

25 °C

30 °C35 °C

ME VRU

presentation complete [mode de compatibilité]€¦ · presentation dry vacuum vapour recovery...

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