presentaon at the panel “the ‘macro’ impacts of deliberave ...€¦ · uwe remer-bollow, m.a....

ECPR2016

Theroleofdialogue-orientedpar:cipa:oninthepolicyformula:onprocess

Presenta(onatthePanel“The‘Macro’ImpactsofDelibera(veDemocra(cInnova(ons”oftheECPRGeneralConference,Prague,7-10September2016ClaudiaThomsandUweRemer-Bollow

oneRelevanceandAssump:ons

ClaudiaThoms,M.Sc.UweRemer-Bollow,M.A.

(Poten:al)PolicyImpactandLegi:macyasPointsofReferenceThecommonrelevance§  Par(cipatoryproceduresasacure-all

–  Democra(cqualifica(on–  Knowledge–  Transparency

–  BeTerdecisions–  Lessdemocra(cdeficit

Theseareonlyprecondi(onsfor…

Theactualrelevance§  Par(cipatoryprocedurescontributetothelegi(macyofgreaterthe

policyprocessesandimplementedpolicesbyenabelingeffec(vepar(cipa(on(influence/poten(alinfluenceondecision)


Butthereisamissinglink...

…sinceinformalpar(cipatoryproceduresdonotendinauthorita(vedecisions:

§  Howdotheydevelopimpactwithinthemacropoli(calprocessinwhichthedecisionisul(matelylocated?

§  Howdotheycontributetothelegi(macyofpoli(caldecisions(Michels2011;Michels,Binnema2015;Pogrebinschi,Ryan2014)?

Causalmechanismsthatexplainhowcertaincondi(onswithinandaroundthepar(cipatoryprocess(micro)contributetotheprocessingof

poli(calissuesonasocietallevel(macro)?

twoTheAdvocacyCoali:onFramework


TheAdvocacyCoali:onFramework

Theadvocacycoali(onframework(ACF)datesbackonworkofSaba(erandJenkins-Smith(Jenkins-Smithetal.2014;Saba(er,Weible2014).§  Policiesrestonimplicitassump:onsonhowtorealisetargeted

outcomes.§  Theseassump(onscanbeconceptualisedasakindofbeliefsystem§  Actorsinpolicy-subsystemsgroupintoalimitednumberofadvocacy

coali:ons–  sharecommonbeliefs–  makestrategicandcoordinateduseofresources

§  3levelsofbeliefs–  Deep-corebeliefs/policy-corebelief/secondarybeliefs

.


Whendoesitcometopolicy-change?

Fourcondi(onsforpolicy-change

§  Policy-systemexternalevents§  Policy-systeminternalevents§  Policylearning§  Cross-coali(onlearning


Applica:onofACFonpar:cipatoryprocedures

Par(cipatoryproceduresarepartofthepolicyprocess.

Howdopar(cipatoryproceduresaffectthepolicyprocessatstages,wheredecisionsarefinalymade?§  policymakersneedtobeinfluenced§  ACFisabletolinkparicipatoryarenaanddecisionarena:

–  Policymakersaredirectlyorindirectlypartofadvocacycolai(ons–  Advocacycoali(onsnego(ateanddeliberatetochangethebeliefsystemsof

theoppositecoali(ons(succesfullyornot)–  sincepolicymakersareoffice-seekers,theyareresponsivetotheiradvocacy

coali(on


Applica:onofACFonpar:cipatoryprocedures

Par(cipatoryproceduresmayfacilitatecross-coali(onlearningTheyprovide§  arenasfornego(a(on§  withsuppor(veproper(es(e.g.moderatorsthatserveaspolicy-

broker,jointlyappointedexperts,etc.)

Ø beliefsystemsofadvocacycoali:onsmaybealtered


Whendoesitcometopolicy-change?

§  Toanalysepar(cipatoryproceduresasembeddedinabroaderpolicyprocesswithrespecttoadvocacycoali(onsyieldstwomajoradvantages:

§  First,theACFallowsderivingpossibleexplana(onsontheeffec(venessofpar(cipatoryprocedures.

§  Second,itclosestheexis(nggaponhowpar(cipatoryprocedurescontributetothelegi(macyofpoli(caldecisions,measures,andprojects.

threeDataandAnalysis


Objec:ves

Followingtheassump(onsoftheACF,twothema:cobjec:ves:1.  Explorewhetheradvocacycoali(onscanbefoundinadiversesetof

par(cipatoryprocedures.2.  Exploreifactorsen(tledtomakeasubsequentdecisionontheissuein

ques(onarepartoftheadvocacycoali(ons.…andtwomethodologicalobjec:ves:3.  Determinewhetherourmethodofcollec(ngdataisgenerallysuitableforthis

purpose.4.  Explorepossibleweaknessesinthedesignofdatacollec(ontoimproveour

approach.


DataandMeasures

DataSource§  Expertonlinesurvey§  Conveniencesample

–  n=24–  ResearchersandstudentsfrommasterprogramsfromtheUniversi(esofHohenheimandStuTgart–  Concernedwiththeevalua(onofapar(cipatoryprocedure

§  Fieldperiod:JuneandJuly2016§  Totalresponses:

–  n=10–  Par(cipatoryproceduresconcerningconflictuousinfrastructureprojectsandques(onsabout

futurelivingtogether–  Mostlywithadiscursiveelement–  Poli(calactorsinvolvedinvaryingintensity


DataandMeasures

Asanapproxima(ontothecongruenceofbeliefsystems,measureofthealtogethercongruenceofposi:onsontheissuebetweendyadsofpar(cipa(ngactors:1.  Iden(fyandnamerelevantpar(cipants2.  Indicatethedegreeofoverlapbetweentheposi(onsoftwoactors

Now, please just consider the issue onwhich the par4cipa4on takesplace.Howcloseare#actor_1and#actor_2concerningtheirposi4ononthatissue?Pleaseusetheslider.0meansthatbothactorsdivergetotheextentpossible.100meansthatbothactorssharean iden4calposi4on.0 100


Analysis

Note:investors(INV),interestgroups(IG),environmentalgroups(EG),actorsfromthepoli(cal-administra(vesystem(PAS),andothers(OTH).

actorsrepresentedbynodes


Analysis


degreeofcongruencerepresentedbyedgewidth


Analysis


denseclusters(coali(ons)withgreatercongruencebetweenactorsinthesameclusterthanbetweenactorsindifferentclusters

actorsthatareindecisiveorholdaneutral/media(ngposi(on


Analysis


17

Figure 1: Network structures of the cases

fourDiscussionandConclusion


Conclusion

Inshort:§  Advocacycoali(onframeworkseemsappropriate,asitnamesthemechanism

thatconnectspar(cipatoryprocedurestothewiderprocessofpolicyformula(on

§  Advocacycoali(onscanbefoundinthesenngofpar(cipatoryprocedures(objec(ve1)

§  Poli(calactorsandotheractorsen(tledtomakeasubsequentdecisionooentendtobepartofacoali(on,butalsoseemtotakeamedia(ngposi(oninsomecases(objec(ve2)

§  Measureofoverallposi(onalcongruenceasanapproxima(ontocongruenceofbeliefsystemsofactorswithinapolicysubsystemisabletorevealcoali(ons(objec(ve3)

sharedbeliefsàissue-specificadvocacycoali(ons

àconnec(onbetweenactorsfromdifferentarenas


Limita:onsandOutlook

Weaknesses:§  Interpreta(onofposi(onofactorsdependsontheassump(onthatgroupsof

actors(e.g.districtcouncilwithdifferentpar(es)arehomogeneousintheirbeliefs

§  Furtheraspectsoftheadvocacycoali(onframework(e.g.resourcesandtheirstrategicuse)areignored

Outlook:§  Combina(onwithadetailedmeasureofthedegreeofdelibera(oninthe

par(cipatoryproceduretoassessitsimpactontheevolu(onofcoali(ons§  Observa(onoftherela(onbetweendifferentcongruencestructures(incl.

presence/absenceofstrongpoli(calactors/decisionmakersinthecoali(ons)andtheimpactofpar(cipatoryproceduresonpoliciesandtheirlegi(macy


Contact

Claudia Thoms, M.Sc. Universität Hohenheim Ins(tutfürKommunika(onswissenschaoKommunika(onswissenschaoinsb.Kommunika(onstheorie(540C) Fruwirthstraße 46 70599 Stuttgart [email protected]

Uwe Remer-Bollow, M.A. Universität Stuttgart Ins(tutfürSozialwissenschaoenAbteilungfürPoli(scheSystemeundPoli(scheSoziologie(I)Breitscheidstraße270174StuTgart [email protected]

ThankyouforyouraTen(on.Commentsarealwayswelcome!


References

Csardi,Gabor,andTamasNepusz.2006.Theigraphsoowarepackageforcomplexnetworkresearch.InterJournal1695.Jenkins-Smith,HankC.DanielNohrstedt,ChristopherM.Weible,andPaulA.Saba(er.2014.TheAdvocacyCoali(onFramework:Founda(ons,Evolu(on,andOngoingResearch.InTheoriesofthePolicyProcess,editedbyPaulA.Saba(er,andChristopherM.Weible,183-223.NewYork:WestviewPress.Michels,Ank.2011.Innova(onsindemocra(cgovernance:howdoesci(zenpar(cipa(oncontributetoabeTerdemocracy?Interna4onalReviewofAdministra4veSciences77:275-293.Michels,Ank,andHarmenBinnema.2015.Theimpactofci4zenpar4cipa4ononpublicpolicies:Evidencefromtwolocalmini-publicsintheNetherlands.PaperpresentedattheInterna(onalConferenceonPublicPolicy,Milan,1-4July2015.Pogrebinschi,Thamy,andMaTRyan.2014.DesigningImpact:Howdemocra4cinnova4onsmay(ornot)achieveeffec4veness?PaperpresentedattheAnnualMee(ngoftheAmericanPoli(calScienceAssocia(on(APSA),28-31August2014andattheECPRGeneralConference,Glasgow,3-6September2014.


References

Saba(er,PaulA.,andChristopherM.Weible(Eds.).2014.TheoriesofthePolicyProcess.NewYork:WestviewPress.Suchman,MarkC.1995.ManagingLegi(macy:StrategicandIns(tu(onalApproaches.TheAcademyofManagementReview20:571-610.

Appendix


Networkstructuresofthecases

17

Figure 1: Network structures of the cases





18

Figure 1: Network structures of the cases (continued)

Note: investors (INV), interest groups (IG), environmental groups (EG), actors from the political-administrative system (PAS), and others (OTH).

Besides the identification of at least implied advocacy coalitions, we can also see that PAS actors and actors with the right to make a subsequent decision on the issue in question are present in all networks (though this can not least be due to our sample). Although we are talking about citizen participation, political-administrative actors or actors provided with the right to actually decide in a (political) question are often involved in participatory processes in different roles: as sponsors, organizers, observers, or as addressees, just to name the most common roles. Even in cases where political actors are deliberately excluded from participatory processes, it would be naive to think that they do not take sides, above all if we take into account that participatory processes are one arena among others that process societal conflicts and try to influence a (political) decision. So it is natural to expect political actors to be involved in some way or another in the discussion of the issue. In our cases, we can often see that they tend to be inclined to the position of certain actors involved in

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