Laboratorio 4

Comunicación sincrónica Vía Satélite

Esquema de la Red

EthernetEthernet

Router 1 Router 2

WAN192.168.0.0 /30

LAN 110.0.1.0 /24

LAN 210.0.2.0 /24

192.168.0.110.0.2.1

192.168.0.1

10.0.1.1

10.0.2.2010.0.1.20

Configuración de la red

• PC:– Dirección IP.– Mascara– Default Gateway

• Router:– Dirección IP– Máscara

De todas las interfaces

– Rutas estáticas

Herramientas para diagnósticos

PingUSO: Ping nombre.dominio o dirección IPOptions:• -t Ping the specifed host until interrupted. • -a Resolve addresses to hostnames.• -n count Number of echo requests to send. • -l size Send buffer size. • -f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet. • -i TTL Time To Live. • -v TOS Type Of Service. • -r count Record route for count hops.• -s count Timestamp for count hops.• -j host-list Loose source route along host-list. • -k host-list Strict source route along host-list. • -w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.

TracertUSO: Tracert nombre.dominio o dirección IPOptions: • -d: Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.• -h maximum_hops: Maximum number of hops to search for target.• -j host-list: Loose source route along host-list.• -w timeout: Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.

RouteUSO: Route PrintSintaxis: ROUTE [-f] [command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway]]• -f : Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries. If this is used in conjunction

with one of the commands, the tables are cleared prior to running the command. • command Specifies one of four commands

– PRINT Prints a route– ADD Adds a route– DELETE Deletes a route– CHANGE Modifies an existing route

• Destination: Specifies the host to send command. • MASK: If the MASK keyword is present, the next parameter is interpreted as the

netmask parameter.• netmask: If provided, specifies a sub-net mask value to be associated with this

route entry. If not specified, if defaults to 255.255.255.255. • Gateway: Specifies gateway.

NetstatSintaxis: NETSTAT [-a] [-e] [-n] [-s] [-p proto] [-r] [interval]

-A Displays all connections and listening ports. (Server-sideconnections are normally not shown).

-E Displays Ethernet statistics. This may be combined with the -soption.

-N Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form.-P proto Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto; proto

May be tcp or udp. If used with the -s option to displayper-protocol statistics, proto may be tcp, udp, or ip.

-R Displays the contents of the routing table.-S Displays per-protocol statistics. By default, statistics are

shown for TCP, UDP and IP; the -p option may be used to specifyA subset of the default.

interval Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval secondsbetween each display. Press CTRL+C to stop redisplayingstatistics. If omitted, netstat will print the currentconfiguration information once.

ArpARP -s inet_addr eth_addr [if_addr]ARP -d inet_addr [if_addr]ARP -a [inet_addr] [-N if_addr]

-a Displays current ARP entries by interrogating the currentprotocol data. If inet_addr is specified, the IP and Physicaladdresses for only the specified computer are displayed. IfMore than one network interface uses ARP, entries for each

ARP table are displayed.-g Same as -a.inet_addr Specifies an internet address.

Arp Cont.-N if_addr Displays the ARP entries for the network interface specified

by if_addr.-D Deletes the host specified by inet_addr.-S Adds the host and associates the Internet address inet_addr

with the Physical address eth_addr. The Physical address isgiven as 6 hexadecimal bytes separated by hyphens. The entryis permanent.

eth_addr Specifies a physical address.if_addr If present, this specifies the Internet address of the

interface whose address translation table should be modified.If not present, the first applicable interface will be used.

Winipcfg

IPCONFIGC:\>ipconfig /?

USO:ipconfig [/? | /all | /renew [adapter] | /release [adapter] |

/flushdns | /displaydns | /registerdns |/showclassid adapter |/setclassid adapter [classid] ]

Opciones:/? muestra la ayuda/all muestra toda la información de configuración./release libera la dirección IP para el adaptador específico./renew renueva la dirección IP para el adaptador específico./flushdns purga la caché de resolución de DNS./registerdns actualiza todas las concesiones y vuelve a registrar los

nombres DNS./displaydns muestra el contenido de la caché de resolución DNS./showclassid muestra todas las id. de clase dhcp permitidas para

este adaptador./setclassid modifica la id. de clase dhcp.

Configuración de Router Cisco

Router Cisco

• Serie 2500– 2501: 1 ethernet, 2 seriales (2Mbps sync), 1

async (38.4Kbps) p/ backup – 2511: 1 ethernet, 2 seriales (2Mbps sync), 16

async (115.2Kbps)– 2520: 1 ethernet, 2 seriales (2Mbps sync), 2

async (115.2Kbps)

Modos de comandos

• Modo usuario:• Mostrar información del router.• Realizar test básicos.

• Modo Privilegiado:• Configurar párametros operativos.

• Modo Configuración:• Configurar rutas, interfaces, etc..

• Modo usuario– “Proceso de login” --> Router> – Router> logout

• Modo privilegiado– Router> enable --> Router#– Router# disable– Router> quit

Comandos Básicos

• Help• Show• Configure• Write

Sintaxis de Comandos• Comandos abreviados:

• Se pueden tipear algunos caracteres– Sh => show

• Deshacer o deshabilitar un comando– router# no comando

• Errores– % Incomplete command– % Invalid input detected at ‘^’ marker

Comando Help• router# help• router# comando_abreviado?

– router# co?– configure connect copy

• Sintaxis– router# comando ?

• router# configure ?– memory– network– terminal– <cr>

Comando show

Muestra información del sistemas las interfaces, las rutas, etc.

Ejemplos:- show interface- show version- sh run- sh ip route- sh ip int brief

Router# show ip route

• Router# show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 128.10.1.50 to network 0.0.0.0

128.10.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnetsS 128.10.3.0 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2C 128.10.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0

192.168.1.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 192.168.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 128.10.1.50

show interfaces• Router# show interfaces

Ethernet 0 is up, line protocol is upHardware is MCI Ethernet, address is 0000.0c00.750c (bia

0000.0c00.750c)Internet address is 131.108.28.8, subnet mask is 255.255.255.0MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 100000 usec, rely 255/255,

load 1/255Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 4:00:00Last input 0:00:00, output 0:00:00, output hang neverLast clearing of "show interface" counters 0:00:00Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 dropsFive minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

---More---

Modo configuración• Permite configurar interfaces y rutas.• Entrar al modo configuración:

– Router# configure [terminal]--> Router(config)#

• Salir del modo configuración:– Router(config)# exit --> Router#– Router(config)# CTRL-Z (o end) -->

Router#

Configuración de Interfaces• Router(config)# interface tipo nbr -->

• Fast ethernet:interface fastethernet 0ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0no shutdown

• Serieinterface serial 0 ip address 192.168.1.1 mask 255.255.255.252no shutdown

Configuración de rutas

• Router(config)#ip route Red destino máscara next_hop

• Configuración de una ruta estática:ip route 10.0.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1

• Verificar la configuración:Router# sh interfaceRouter# sh ip route

• Grabar los cambios– Router# write

• Salir del router– Router# logout

Ping (Cisco)Router# pingProtocol [ip]:Target IP address: 131.108.1.27Repeat count [5]:Datagram size [100]: 1000Timeout in seconds [2]:Extended commands [n]: yesSource address:Type of service [0]:Set DF bit in IP header? [No]: yesData pattern [0xabcd]:Loose, Strict, record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 1000-byte ICMP Echos to 131.108.2.27, timeout is 2 seconds:M.M.MSuccess rate is 60 percent, round-trip min/avg/max = 4/6/12 ms

Ping (Cisco) Cont.Ping test characters

Significado de cada carácter.

! Each exclamation point indicates receipt of a reply.. Each period indicates the network server timed out while waiting

For a reply.U destination unreachable error PDU received.N network unreachable.P protocol unreachable.Q source quench.M could not fragment.? Unknown packet type.

Trace (Cisco)Router#trace ABA.Nyc.MilType escape sequence to abort.Tracing the route to ABA.Nyc.Mil (26.0.0.73)1 debris.Cisco.Com (131.108.1.6) 1000 msec 8 msec 4 msec2 barrnet-gw.Cisco.Com (131.108.16.2) 8 msec 8 msec 8 msec3 external-a-gateway.Stanford.Edu (192.42.110.225) 8 msec 4 msec 4 msec4 bb2.Su.Barrnet.Net (131.119.254.6) 8 msec 8 msec 8 msec5 su.Arc.Barrnet.Net (131.119.3.8) 12 msec 12 msec 8 msec6 moffett-fld-mb.In.Mil (192.52.195.1) 216 msec 120 msec 132 msec7 aba.Nyc.Mil (26.0.0.73) 412 msec 628 msec 664 msec

Trace (Cisco) Cont.Trace test characters

Char meaningNn msec the probe was successfully returned in nn milliseconds.* The probe timed out.? Unknown packet type.Q source quench.P protocol unreachable.N network unreachable.U host unreachable.