present perfect vs. past simple. past simple shakespeare wrote hamlet sometime between 1599 and...
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Present Perfect vs.
Past Simple
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Past simple Shakespeare wrote Hamlet sometime between 1599 and 1601.
• The action is over, it is situated in the past, it has no relation with the moment of speaking.
• ____________________x______________________x____________________
past moment now = moment of speaking
• Many years ago I went to school on foot.
• When I was a child
• Yesterday
• Last week/month/year
• In 1999
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Present perfectKhaled Hosseini has written novels about Afghanistan.
• - it isn’t over yet AND/OR
• - there is a relation between a moment in the past and the moment of speaking
• ____________________x---------------------------------x_____________________
• past moment now = moment of speaking
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FORMATION : have + past participle
REGULAR VERBS IRREGULAR VERBS
+ ? -
I / we/ you / they have workedhe / she / it has workedHave I / we / you / they worked ?Has he / she / it worked ?I / we / you / they haven’t workedHe / she / it hasn’t worked
I have seen … Have I seen ? I haven’t seen …
have / has + Past Participle(regular PPs end in –ed)
have / has + Past Participle(you have to study irregular PPs one by one see list)
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Short answers :
Have you been to Egypt ?Has she ever written poetry ?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
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USE :
I have lived here for twenty years. (for with a period of time)
since 2004. (since with a point in time)
all my life.
an action that started in the past and is still going on
(“for” and “since” are common with this use)
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This weekSusan has redecorated the house.
This month
This year
the period is NOT finished at the time of speaking
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Have you ever been to China? (at any time in your life up to now)I have never been to Japan. (in my life)I have been there once/twice/many times. (in my life)Peter has always loved me. (all his life)
an experience that happened at some time in one’s lifeyour life = a period of time that continues until now(the adverbs “ever”, “never”, and “before” are common with this use)
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The train hasn’t arrived yet. (result : I’m still waiting)
The train has just arrived.(result : there it is)
Father has already washed the car. (result : it’s clean now)
What have you done to your lip ? (result : it’s bleeding)
a past action with results in the present, often a recent past action
(the adverbs “yet”, “already”, and “just” are common with this use)
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Observe the difference between :
- He has lived in London for 3 years. => he still lives there- He lived in Paris for 2 years. => he doesn’t live there anymore
- I haven’t done any work this afternoon. => said in the afternoon- I didn’t do any work this afternoon. => said in the evening
- I’ve painted the door yellow. => you stress the result- Yesterday I painted the door. => you stress the action
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The time complement indicates which tense should be used :
examples:
- ago, in 1998, yesterday, last year… : past simple
- ever, never, this month, since, just, already… : present perfect