Pres. Perf. Simple (HAVE/HAS + PARTICIPLE)Pres. Perf. Continuous (HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V-ing)

Both the Pres. Perf. Simple and the Pres. Perf.Continuous are used to express that an action began in thepast and is still going on or has just finished.

But there is often a difference in meaning:• We use the Pres. Perf. Simple mainly to express that anaction is completed or to emphasise the result (what / howmuch / how often):

• I have written 5 letters. = (the letters are already written)• I have been to London twice. = (now I´m at home)

• We use the Pres. Perf. Continuous to emphasise theduration or continuous course of an action (how long):

• I have been writing for an hour. = (up until now)• I have been doing my homework. = (up until now)

PRES. PERF. SIMPLE

Ever

Never

Already

Just

Still

Yet

Recently

PRES. PERF. CONTINUOUS

All (day, week, …)

For

Since

This week, year, …