PREPARED BY D.L. BULLPREPARED BY D.L. BULL

Who what when where?Who what when where?

Who what when where?Who what when where? April 25, 1898 United States April 25, 1898 United States

declared war on Spaindeclared war on Spain War ended with the signing of the War ended with the signing of the

Treaty of Paris, December 10, 1898Treaty of Paris, December 10, 1898 Why was the United states at war Why was the United states at war

with Spain?with Spain? We must look to 1492……...We must look to 1492……...

Columbus connectionColumbus connection Spain was the first Spain was the first

European nation to European nation to sail west across the sail west across the Atlantic.Atlantic.

An empire resulted An empire resulted from this exploration from this exploration in the New World.in the New World.

By 1825 much of the By 1825 much of the empire had been empire had been lost .lost .

The Spanish empire The Spanish empire in the Western in the Western Hemisphere left Hemisphere left was:was:

CubaCuba Puerto RicoPuerto Rico Philippine IslandsPhilippine Islands islands in Micronesia islands in Micronesia

including Guamincluding Guam

DETAILED BACKGROUNDDETAILED BACKGROUND UNITED STATES EXPANSIONISM-A UNITED STATES EXPANSIONISM-A

COUNTRY’S PROSPERITY DEPENDS ON COUNTRY’S PROSPERITY DEPENDS ON EXPANDING ITS BORDERSEXPANDING ITS BORDERS

SINCE PRESIDENT JEFFERSON 1808 THE SINCE PRESIDENT JEFFERSON 1808 THE UNITED STATES THOUGHT IT SHOULD UNITED STATES THOUGHT IT SHOULD OWN CUBAOWN CUBA

U.S. ALSO WANTED SOME OF SPAIN’S U.S. ALSO WANTED SOME OF SPAIN’S EMPIRE FOR: TRADE OVERSEAS AND EMPIRE FOR: TRADE OVERSEAS AND NATURAL RESOURCESNATURAL RESOURCES

CUBA WAS UNHAPPY CUBA WAS UNHAPPY WITH SPANISH RULE WITH SPANISH RULE AND WANTED AND WANTED INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCE

FEB. ,1895 FEB. ,1895 REBELLION LED BY REBELLION LED BY JOSE MARTIJOSE MARTI

GEN. VALERIANO GEN. VALERIANO WEYLER - SPANISH WEYLER - SPANISH GOVERNORGOVERNOR

HE HAD BEEN FRUSTRATED BY THE HE HAD BEEN FRUSTRATED BY THE GUERILLA FIGHTING OF THE CUBAN GUERILLA FIGHTING OF THE CUBAN REBELS-HIT AND RUN TACTICSREBELS-HIT AND RUN TACTICS

HE DECIDED TO PLACE ALL REBELS HE DECIDED TO PLACE ALL REBELS CAPTURED IN “RECONCENTRATION CAPTURED IN “RECONCENTRATION CAMPS”-300,000 PLACEDCAMPS”-300,000 PLACED

THERE WERE NOT ENOUGH SUPPLIES THERE WERE NOT ENOUGH SUPPLIES AND THOUSANDS DIED OF DISEASE, AND THOUSANDS DIED OF DISEASE, STARVATION, AND OVERCROWDINGSTARVATION, AND OVERCROWDING

YELLOW JOURNALISMYELLOW JOURNALISM LATE 1800’S MOST NEWSPAPERS WERE LATE 1800’S MOST NEWSPAPERS WERE

NOT AS ACCURATE AS THEY ARE TODAYNOT AS ACCURATE AS THEY ARE TODAY TWO SENSATIONALISTIC PAPERS WERE TWO SENSATIONALISTIC PAPERS WERE

COMPETING TO SEE WHO COULD SELL COMPETING TO SEE WHO COULD SELL MORE NEWSPAPERSMORE NEWSPAPERS

NEW YORK JOURNAL-WILLIAM NEW YORK JOURNAL-WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARSTRANDOLPH HEARST

NEW YORK WORLD-JOSEPH PULTIZERNEW YORK WORLD-JOSEPH PULTIZER

THEY WANTED TO THEY WANTED TO SELL NEWSPAPERSSELL NEWSPAPERS

INCREASE INCREASE CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION

DECIDED TO DRUM DECIDED TO DRUM UP SUPPORT FOR UP SUPPORT FOR THE CUBAN REBELSTHE CUBAN REBELS

CUBAN PATRIOTS CUBAN PATRIOTS OPERATING FROM OPERATING FROM AMERICAAMERICA

HEARST SAID THE HEARST SAID THE NEWSPAPERS NEWSPAPERS CONTROL THE CONTROL THE NATION BECAUSE NATION BECAUSE THEY REPRESENT THE THEY REPRESENT THE PEOPLEPEOPLE

BOTH STARTED BOTH STARTED TAINTING THE TAINTING THE REPORTS COMING REPORTS COMING OUT OF CUBA TRYING OUT OF CUBA TRYING TO SHOCK TO SHOCK

1897-PRESIDENT MCKINLEY BEGAN TO 1897-PRESIDENT MCKINLEY BEGAN TO PRESSURE SPAIN TO LOOSEN CONTROL PRESSURE SPAIN TO LOOSEN CONTROL ON THE CUBANSON THE CUBANS

CUBA DEMANDED FULL INDEPENDENCECUBA DEMANDED FULL INDEPENDENCE JANUARY 1898, MCKINLEY ORDERED JANUARY 1898, MCKINLEY ORDERED

THE BATTLESHIP MAINE TO ANCHOR IN THE BATTLESHIP MAINE TO ANCHOR IN HAVANA HARBOR TO KEEP CONTROL HAVANA HARBOR TO KEEP CONTROL OF THE SITUATIONOF THE SITUATION

JAN. ,1898 UNITED STATES BATTLESHIP JAN. ,1898 UNITED STATES BATTLESHIP MAINE IN HAVANA, CUBA HARBOR AS A MAINE IN HAVANA, CUBA HARBOR AS A SYMBOL OF OUR STRENGTH AND SUPPORT SYMBOL OF OUR STRENGTH AND SUPPORT OF CUBAOF CUBA

FEB. 15, 1898 THE MAINE EXPLODES AND FEB. 15, 1898 THE MAINE EXPLODES AND SINKS KILLING 262 AMERICAN CREW SINKS KILLING 262 AMERICAN CREW MEMBERSMEMBERS

““REMEMBER THE MAINE JOURNAL REMEMBER THE MAINE JOURNAL TO H-LL WITH SPAIN” SLOGANTO H-LL WITH SPAIN” SLOGAN

WHO OR WHAT BLEW UP WHO OR WHAT BLEW UP THE MAINE?THE MAINE?

SPAIN?- MOST SPAIN?- MOST AMERICANS AMERICANS THOUGHT SOTHOUGHT SO

CUBAN REBELS?-CUBAN REBELS?-MAYBE TO MAKE MAYBE TO MAKE THE U.S. JOIN THE THE U.S. JOIN THE FIGHTFIGHT

AMERICANS?- AMERICANS?- MAYBE BUT IT WAS MAYBE BUT IT WAS TREASON TREASON

ANOTHER ANOTHER COUNTRY?- TO TRY COUNTRY?- TO TRY TO BRING U.S. INTO TO BRING U.S. INTO WARWAR

ACCIDENTAL ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSION?- GOOD EXPLOSION?- GOOD CHANCE FROM A CHANCE FROM A FLOATING MINE OR FLOATING MINE OR GUNPOWDER GUNPOWDER INSIDE THE SHIPINSIDE THE SHIP

MARCH, 1898 CONGRESS PASSED A MARCH, 1898 CONGRESS PASSED A LAW ALLOCATING FIFTY MILLION LAW ALLOCATING FIFTY MILLION DOLLARS TO BUILD UP THE MILITARYDOLLARS TO BUILD UP THE MILITARY

THE VOLUNTEER ARMY CAME TOGETHER THE VOLUNTEER ARMY CAME TOGETHER IN FLORIDA INCLUDING FOUR UNITS OF IN FLORIDA INCLUDING FOUR UNITS OF AFRICAN- AMERICAN SOLDIERSAFRICAN- AMERICAN SOLDIERS

THE NAVY WAS READY BUT ARMY WAS THE NAVY WAS READY BUT ARMY WAS NOT….NOT….

THOUSANDS OF THOUSANDS OF VOLUNTEERS VOLUNTEERS RUSHED TO JOIN-ALL RUSHED TO JOIN-ALL KINDS OF PEOPLE KINDS OF PEOPLE FROM SOCIALITES FROM SOCIALITES TO OUTLAWSTO OUTLAWS

LACKED GUNS, LACKED GUNS, TENTS, AND TENTS, AND BLANKETSBLANKETS

NEEDED TRAININGNEEDED TRAINING

GIVEN HEAVY GIVEN HEAVY WOOLEN UNIFORMS WOOLEN UNIFORMS TO FIGHT IN THE TO FIGHT IN THE WARM TROPICSWARM TROPICS

THE FOOD WAS THE FOOD WAS LEFTOVER CANNED LEFTOVER CANNED RATIONS FROM THE RATIONS FROM THE CIVIL WAR-ROTTEN CIVIL WAR-ROTTEN DISGUSTINGDISGUSTING

NO PROPER SANITARY NO PROPER SANITARY AREASAREAS

AMAZING NUMBERSAMAZING NUMBERS TOTAL IN THE WAR TOTAL IN THE WAR

5,462 AMERICANS 5,462 AMERICANS LOST THEIR LIVESLOST THEIR LIVES

ONLY 379 DIED IN ONLY 379 DIED IN COMBATCOMBAT

THE REST FROM THE REST FROM UNSANITARY UNSANITARY CONDITIONS WHICH CONDITIONS WHICH CAUSED PLAGUE CAUSED PLAGUE AND YELLOW FEVERAND YELLOW FEVER

THEODORE ROOSEVELTTHEODORE ROOSEVELT WILL BECOME WILL BECOME

PRESIDENT BECAUSE PRESIDENT BECAUSE HE BECOMES HEROHE BECOMES HERO

ASSISTANT ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVYNAVY

SENT FLEET SOUTHSENT FLEET SOUTH QUIT AND FORMED QUIT AND FORMED

CAVALRY UNITCAVALRY UNIT

WHOLE THING WHOLE THING LASTED 110 -113 LASTED 110 -113 DAYSDAYS

MAY- THE FLEET MAY- THE FLEET ROOSEVELT SENT ROOSEVELT SENT SOUTH ATTACKED SOUTH ATTACKED THE PHILLIPINE THE PHILLIPINE ISLANDS- SPANISHISLANDS- SPANISH

BATTLE OF MANILA BATTLE OF MANILA BAY-COMMODORE BAY-COMMODORE DEWEY-SURPRISEDEWEY-SURPRISE

DESTROYED TEN DESTROYED TEN SPANISH SHIPS SPANISH SHIPS WITHOUT LOSING WITHOUT LOSING ONE U.S. SAILORONE U.S. SAILOR

CRUSHED THE CRUSHED THE SPANISH NAVY IN SPANISH NAVY IN THE PACIFICTHE PACIFIC

EMILIO AGUINALDO-EMILIO AGUINALDO-REBEL DROPPED OFF REBEL DROPPED OFF TO FIGHT SPANISHTO FIGHT SPANISH

HAWAII AND GUAMHAWAII AND GUAM THE SENATE VOTED TO ANNEX - OR THE SENATE VOTED TO ANNEX - OR

TAKE OVER -HAWAIITAKE OVER -HAWAII REASON- U.S. NEEDED THE ISLANDS REASON- U.S. NEEDED THE ISLANDS

AS A HALFWAY STOP TO THE AS A HALFWAY STOP TO THE PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES

GUAM- THE SPANISH GOVERNOR GUAM- THE SPANISH GOVERNOR SURRENDED BEFORE HE KNEW SURRENDED BEFORE HE KNEW SPAIN WAS AT WARSPAIN WAS AT WAR

AMERICAN TROOPS AMERICAN TROOPS LANDED ON CUBA’S LANDED ON CUBA’S COAST JUNE 22, COAST JUNE 22, 18981898

VOLUNTEERS VOLUNTEERS NICKNAMED NICKNAMED “ROUGH RIDERS”“ROUGH RIDERS”

GOOD NAME EXCEPT GOOD NAME EXCEPT THE HORSES DIDN’T THE HORSES DIDN’T SHOW-WALKERSSHOW-WALKERS

ROOSEVELT- ROOSEVELT- SECOND IN SECOND IN COMMAND OF THE COMMAND OF THE ROUGH RIDERSROUGH RIDERS

AFRICAN AMERICAN AFRICAN AMERICAN 9 TH AND 10 TH 9 TH AND 10 TH CAVALRIES CALLED CAVALRIES CALLED THE “SMOKED THE “SMOKED YANKEES” BY THE YANKEES” BY THE SPANISHSPANISH

SAN JUAN HEIGHTSSAN JUAN HEIGHTS JULY 1, 1898JULY 1, 1898 ROUGH RIDERS LED ROUGH RIDERS LED

BY T.R. CHARGE UP BY T.R. CHARGE UP KETTLE HILLKETTLE HILL

SPANISH ARMY SPANISH ARMY RACED DOWN THE RACED DOWN THE OTHER SIDE IN OTHER SIDE IN RETREATRETREAT

GEN. JACOB KENT GEN. JACOB KENT LED THE CHARGE UP LED THE CHARGE UP SAN JUAN HILL AND SAN JUAN HILL AND PUSHED THE PUSHED THE SPANISH FARTHER SPANISH FARTHER INLANDINLAND

SPANISH NAVY TRIED SPANISH NAVY TRIED TO ESCAPE- JULY 3- TO ESCAPE- JULY 3- ALL SHIPS SUNK OR ALL SHIPS SUNK OR RUN AGROUNDRUN AGROUND

CUBA SURRENDERED JULY 17, 1898CUBA SURRENDERED JULY 17, 1898 PUERTO RICO -AUGUST 12,1898PUERTO RICO -AUGUST 12,1898 PHILIPPINES- COMMODORE DEWEY PHILIPPINES- COMMODORE DEWEY

STILL FIGHTING AGAINST THE STILL FIGHTING AGAINST THE SPANISH WITH THE HELP OF THE SPANISH WITH THE HELP OF THE FILIPINO REBELSFILIPINO REBELS

AUGUST 13, 1898 U.S. TAKES OVER AUGUST 13, 1898 U.S. TAKES OVER CAPITAL-MANILA- DEAL WITH SPAINCAPITAL-MANILA- DEAL WITH SPAIN

PEACE TREATY SIGNED DECEMBER 10, PEACE TREATY SIGNED DECEMBER 10, 1898-TREATY OF PARIS1898-TREATY OF PARIS

SPAIN GAVE UP CUBASPAIN GAVE UP CUBA U.S. TOOK CONTROL OF PUERTO RICO, U.S. TOOK CONTROL OF PUERTO RICO,

GUAM AND THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDSGUAM AND THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS PAID $20 MILLION FOR PHILIPPINESPAID $20 MILLION FOR PHILIPPINES SPAIN ENDED ITS 400 YEAR OLD SPAIN ENDED ITS 400 YEAR OLD

EMPIRE-SINCE COLUMBUSEMPIRE-SINCE COLUMBUS

““A SPLENDID LITTLE WAR”A SPLENDID LITTLE WAR”

UNITED STATED UNITED STATED BECAME A NEW BECAME A NEW WORLD POWERWORLD POWER

PROUD VICTORYPROUD VICTORY T.R. BECAME A WAR T.R. BECAME A WAR

HERO -PRESIDENTHERO -PRESIDENT WAR COST $250 WAR COST $250

MILLIONMILLION 5,462 DIED- 90% OR 5,462 DIED- 90% OR

MORE DISEASEMORE DISEASE

U.S. SENATE UNSURE U.S. SENATE UNSURE WHAT TO DO WITH ITWHAT TO DO WITH IT

SHOULD THE SHOULD THE PHILIPPINE PEOPLE PHILIPPINE PEOPLE HAVE THEIR HAVE THEIR INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCE

REBELS AGAIN LED REBELS AGAIN LED BY AGUINALDO BY AGUINALDO STARTED FIGHTING STARTED FIGHTING AGAINST U.S.AGAINST U.S.

U.S. SET UP A CIVIL U.S. SET UP A CIVIL GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT HEADED BY A HEADED BY A GOVERNOR-WILLIAM GOVERNOR-WILLIAM HOWARD TAFTHOWARD TAFT

THREE YEAR THREE YEAR STRUGGLE-BRUTAL STRUGGLE-BRUTAL USING TORTURE USING TORTURE AND MASSACRE AND MASSACRE UNTIL 1902UNTIL 1902

FINAL SOLUTIONFINAL SOLUTION 1902 PHILIPPINES-UNICORPORATED 1902 PHILIPPINES-UNICORPORATED

NOT CITIZENS-TO BE INDEPENDENT NOT CITIZENS-TO BE INDEPENDENT LATER-JULY 4, 1946…44 YEARSLATER-JULY 4, 1946…44 YEARS

1917-PUERTO RICO GIVEN 1917-PUERTO RICO GIVEN CITIZENSHIP AND BECAME A CITIZENSHIP AND BECAME A COMMONWEALTH OF THE U.S.- MUST COMMONWEALTH OF THE U.S.- MUST OBEY OUR LAWS BUT IS NOT A STATEOBEY OUR LAWS BUT IS NOT A STATE

FINAL SOLUTION IIFINAL SOLUTION II CUBA-CONGRESS HAD PASSED THE CUBA-CONGRESS HAD PASSED THE

TELLER AMENDMENTTELLER AMENDMENT DECLARING DECLARING THAT THE U.S. WOULD NOT THAT THE U.S. WOULD NOT ANNEX OR TAKE OVER CUBAANNEX OR TAKE OVER CUBA

SET UP A MILITARY GOVERNMENT SET UP A MILITARY GOVERNMENT TO HELP RECOVER FROM THE WARTO HELP RECOVER FROM THE WAR

GAVE FOOD, BUILT ROADS AND GAVE FOOD, BUILT ROADS AND SCHOOLS, IMPROVED SANITATION, SCHOOLS, IMPROVED SANITATION, HELPED CURE YELLOW FEVERHELPED CURE YELLOW FEVER

The Platt AmendmentThe Platt Amendment 1901 CUBANS ADOPTED A CONSTITUTION 1901 CUBANS ADOPTED A CONSTITUTION

AND DECLARED THEY WERE READY FOR AND DECLARED THEY WERE READY FOR SELF RULESELF RULE

TO PROTECT CUBA FROM BEING TAKEN TO PROTECT CUBA FROM BEING TAKEN OVER BY ANOTHER COUNTRY CONGRESS OVER BY ANOTHER COUNTRY CONGRESS ADDED THE PLATT AMENDEMENT MAKING ADDED THE PLATT AMENDEMENT MAKING CUBA A PROTECTORATE- U.S. HAD TO CUBA A PROTECTORATE- U.S. HAD TO INTERVENE FOUR TIMES UNTIL 1934INTERVENE FOUR TIMES UNTIL 1934

Guantonamo Bay – U. S. Naval Base still in Guantonamo Bay – U. S. Naval Base still in use today.use today.

LOOK BACK LOOK BACK THROUGH PP.679-THROUGH PP.679-685685

REREAD PP.672-673 REREAD PP.672-673 ABOUT T.R.ABOUT T.R.

CHECK OUT THE CHECK OUT THE MAP P.683 UNITED MAP P.683 UNITED STATES OVERSEAS STATES OVERSEAS POSSESSIONS 1858-POSSESSIONS 1858-19001900