prentice hall biology - regional school district...

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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Prentice Hall

Biology

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• Watch the video.

• Write down everything you think is

happening.

– Molecules involved

– Structures involved

– Processes involved

• Use one post it per idea.


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10-2 Cell Division

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In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in two major

stages.

The first stage, division of the cell nucleus, is

called mitosis.

The second stage, division of the cell cytoplasm, is

called cytokinesis.

Cell Division

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Chromosomes

•Before cell division, each chromosome is

duplicated, or copied.

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ChromosomesDo Now:The pictures below are called karyotypes.

Karyotypes are photographs of chromosomes.

What is the difference between the two

karyotypes below?


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Chromosomes

Chromosomes•Genetic information is passed from one generation to the next on

chromosomes.

•Every living organism has a specific number of chromosomes:

humans : 46

fruit flies: 8

carrots: 18

this is called the organisms DIPLOID NUMBER (2n)


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Homologous Chromosomes


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Cell Cycle

Events of the Cell Cycle

Resources/ActiveArt/cell_cycle.htmlResources/ActiveArt/cell_cycle.html

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Mitosis

Mitosis

Biologists divide the events of mitosis

into four phases: (PMAT)

• Prophase (Pair)

• Metaphase (Meet in the Middle)

• Anaphase (Away)

• Telophase (Tear)

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Mitosis

Mitosis

Resources/Movies/vamitos.movResources/Movies/vamitos.mov

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Section 10-2

ProphaseSpindle forming

Chromosomes

(paired

chromatids)Centromere

Click to Continue

Mitosis

Prophase

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Mitosis

Prophase

Prophase is the first and

longest phase of mitosis.

The centrioles separate

and take up positions on

opposite sides of the

nucleus.

Spindle

forming

CentromereChromosomes

(paired

chromatids)

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Mitosis

The centrioles lie in a region called the centrosome.

The centrosome helps to organize the spindle, a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes.

Spindle

forming


(paired

chromatids)

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Mitosis

Chromatin condenses

into chromosomes.

The centrioles separate

and a spindle begins to

form.

The nuclear envelope

breaks down.

Spindle

forming


(paired

chromatids)

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Centriole

Centriole

Spindle

Mitosis

Click to Continue

Metaphase

Metaphase

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Mitosis

Metaphase

The second phase of mitosis is metaphase.

The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.

Microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the poles of the spindle.

Centriole

Spindle

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Individual

chromosomes

Anaphase

Mitosis

Anaphase

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Mitosis

Anaphase

Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis.

The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes.

The chromosomes continue to move until they have separated into two groups.

Individual

chromosomes

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Nuclear

envelope

reforming

Telophase

Mitosis

Telophase

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Mitosis

Telophase

Telophase is the

fourth and final phase

of mitosis.

Chromosomes gather

at opposite ends of the

cell and lose their

distinct shape.

A new nuclear

envelope forms

around each cluster of

chromosomes.

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Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis

Resources/Movies/vacytoki.movResources/Movies/vacytoki.mov

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Cytokinesis

During cytokinesis, the

cytoplasm pinches in

half.

Each daughter cell has

an identical set of

duplicate chromosomes

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Cytokinesis in Plants

In plants, a structure known as the cell plate forms

midway between the divided nuclei.

Cell wallCell plate

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• Finish the questions – you should use

your notes.

• On the back, draw a picture of a

homologous pair of duplicated

chromosomes.

– Label the Sister chromatids

– Label the centromere

• Turn into bin.Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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- or -

Continue to: Click to Launch:

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(must have QuickTake software installed on the

computer you are using for this presentation)

- or -

10-2

Resources/ch10_sectn02_quiz.qtbResources/ch10_sectn02_quiz.qtb

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10-2

The series of events that cells go through as

they grow and divide is called

a. the cell cycle.

b. mitosis.

c. interphase.

d. cytokinesis.

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10-2

The phase of mitosis during which the

chromosomes line up across the center of the

cell is

a. prophase.

b. metaphase.

c. anaphase.

d. telophase.

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10-2

Cytokinesis usually occurs

a. at the same time as telophase.

b. after telophase.

c. during interphase.

d. during anaphase

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10-2

During mitosis, “sister” chromatids separate from

one another during

a. telophase.

b. interphase.

c. anaphase.

d. metaphase.

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