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Prentice Hall
Biology
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• Watch the video.
• Write down everything you think is
happening.
– Molecules involved
– Structures involved
– Processes involved
• Use one post it per idea.
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10-2 Cell Division
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10-2 Cell Division
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In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in two major
stages.
The first stage, division of the cell nucleus, is
called mitosis.
The second stage, division of the cell cytoplasm, is
called cytokinesis.
Cell Division
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Chromosomes
•Before cell division, each chromosome is
duplicated, or copied.
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ChromosomesDo Now:The pictures below are called karyotypes.
Karyotypes are photographs of chromosomes.
What is the difference between the two
karyotypes below?
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Chromosomes
Chromosomes•Genetic information is passed from one generation to the next on
chromosomes.
•Every living organism has a specific number of chromosomes:
humans : 46
fruit flies: 8
carrots: 18
this is called the organisms DIPLOID NUMBER (2n)
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Homologous Chromosomes
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Cell Cycle
Events of the Cell Cycle
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Mitosis
Mitosis
Biologists divide the events of mitosis
into four phases: (PMAT)
• Prophase (Pair)
• Metaphase (Meet in the Middle)
• Anaphase (Away)
• Telophase (Tear)
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Mitosis
Mitosis
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Section 10-2
ProphaseSpindle forming
Chromosomes
(paired
chromatids)Centromere
Click to Continue
Mitosis
Prophase
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Mitosis
Prophase
Prophase is the first and
longest phase of mitosis.
The centrioles separate
and take up positions on
opposite sides of the
nucleus.
Spindle
forming
CentromereChromosomes
(paired
chromatids)
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Mitosis
The centrioles lie in a region called the centrosome.
The centrosome helps to organize the spindle, a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes.
Spindle
forming
CentromereChromosomes
(paired
chromatids)
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Mitosis
Chromatin condenses
into chromosomes.
The centrioles separate
and a spindle begins to
form.
The nuclear envelope
breaks down.
Spindle
forming
CentromereChromosomes
(paired
chromatids)
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Centriole
Centriole
Spindle
Mitosis
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Metaphase
Metaphase
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Mitosis
Metaphase
The second phase of mitosis is metaphase.
The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
Microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the poles of the spindle.
Centriole
Spindle
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Individual
chromosomes
Anaphase
Mitosis
Anaphase
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Mitosis
Anaphase
Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis.
The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes.
The chromosomes continue to move until they have separated into two groups.
Individual
chromosomes
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Nuclear
envelope
reforming
Telophase
Mitosis
Telophase
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Mitosis
Telophase
Telophase is the
fourth and final phase
of mitosis.
Chromosomes gather
at opposite ends of the
cell and lose their
distinct shape.
A new nuclear
envelope forms
around each cluster of
chromosomes.
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Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
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Cytokinesis
During cytokinesis, the
cytoplasm pinches in
half.
Each daughter cell has
an identical set of
duplicate chromosomes
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Cytokinesis in Plants
In plants, a structure known as the cell plate forms
midway between the divided nuclei.
Cell wallCell plate
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• Finish the questions – you should use
your notes.
• On the back, draw a picture of a
homologous pair of duplicated
chromosomes.
– Label the Sister chromatids
– Label the centromere
• Turn into bin.Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
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(must have QuickTake software installed on the
computer you are using for this presentation)
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10-2
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10-2
The series of events that cells go through as
they grow and divide is called
a. the cell cycle.
b. mitosis.
c. interphase.
d. cytokinesis.
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10-2
The phase of mitosis during which the
chromosomes line up across the center of the
cell is
a. prophase.
b. metaphase.
c. anaphase.
d. telophase.
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10-2
Cytokinesis usually occurs
a. at the same time as telophase.
b. after telophase.
c. during interphase.
d. during anaphase
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10-2
During mitosis, “sister” chromatids separate from
one another during
a. telophase.
b. interphase.
c. anaphase.
d. metaphase.