Pregnancy

Cj DeFranza

What you are going to learn

Milestone in the development The process of pregnancy The stages of labor Types of births Prenatal care

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Prenatal Care Prenatal care can play part in reducing maternal death

rates and miscarriages as well as birth defects, low birth weight, and other preventable infant problems .

A gynecologist is one of the doctors to see and they specialize in the health of the female reproductive system

The other doctor is an obstetrician and they specialize in the care of all women's reproductive tracts and their children during pregnancy.

Prenatal care is very important, if you go without it your baby can have a higher chance of birth defects.

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The Stages of Labor

The first stages starts with contractions that cause progressive changes in the cervix and ends when the cervix is fully dilated.

The second stage begins when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the birth of the baby.

The third stage is the last stage and takes place right after the birth of the child and ends with the delivery of the placenta.

Apgar scale

Apgar Scale Activity (muscle tone)

0 — Limp; no movement1 — Some flexion of arms and legs2 — Active motion

Pulse (heart rate)0 — No heart rate1 — Fewer than 100 beats per minute2 — At least 100 beats per minute

Grimace (reflex response)0 — No response to airways being suctioned1 — Grimace during suctioning2 — Grimace and pull away, cough,or sneeze during suctioning

Appearance (color)0 — The baby's whole body is completely bluish-gray or pale1 — Good color in body with bluish hands or feet2 — Good color all over

Respiration (breathing)0 — Not breathing1 — Weak cry; may sound like whimpering, slow or irregular breathing2 — Good, strong cry; normal rate and effort of breathing

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Types of Births

Cesarean birth Breech birth Vaginal birth Water birth Still birth Premature birth

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Breech Birth

When a baby is normally delivered the head usually comes out of the birth canal first.

If this is not the case it is called a breech birth and that is when the baby’s butt or feet are going to come out of the birth canal first.

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Cesarean birth

A cesarean section is also known as a c-section

Done by a surgical incision in the abdomen and uterus to allow a baby or babies to be born safely when a vaginal birth is not the safest option.

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Vaginal Birth

When the baby is delivered through the vaginal cavity.

Most likely done in a hospital, if not under medical aid it would be considered a free birth.

The afterbirth is the birth of the placenta after the birth of the infant.

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Water Birth

A water birth takes place in water and people do this because it is supposed to relieve stress for the mother.

Some downfalls to this birth is that there is a increased risk of infections and there is a chance of slowed labor because the relaxing warm water can slow the contractions.

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Stillbirth

A stillbirth occurs when the fetus dies in the uterus.

Once the fetus has died the mother still has contractions and will deliver the remains.

One of the ways this could be caused is from the umbilical cord getting wrapped around the baby’s neck.

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Premature Birth

Refers to the birth of a baby before the developing organs are mature enough to allow normal postnatal survival.

Premature babies have greater chances for short term and long term complications.

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The Process of Pregnancy

Conception Zygote

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Conception

Conception is the union of one egg and one sperm cell, but many sperm are needed for conception to take place. As the sperm approach the egg, they release an enzyme. The enzyme works on the egg so that one sperm can enter.

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Zygote

A zygote is the single cell tat is formed from the union of the sperm and egg. The zygote divides to form two cells, then 4, then 8, and so on.

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The Milestones in the Devlopment

1st trimester 2nd trimester 3rd trimester

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The 1st Trimester

Heart, brain, nerves, lungs, and digestive system forms.

Weight is about 1.5 ounces. Length is about 1.5 inches. First external signs of sex appear. In the first 8 weeks the baby is called an

embryo. After the first 8 weeks the baby is then called a

fetus. Back

The 2nd Trimester

Skin starts to develop The fetus starts kicking a moving it’s arms Heartbeat increases Weight is about 1.5 pounds Length is about 11.5-12.5 inches Fetus starts to respond to noise and

pressure with movement Back

The 3rd Trimester

The eyes open Legs and arms move move more often Almost all organs are complete Skin is smooth and polished Eyes are slate-colored Birth weight is about 6-9 pounds Birth length is about 19-21 inches Back