PRACTICAL 5 Slide Demonstration of Order Anoplura:

Pediculus humanus humanus & Pediculus humanus capitis

ORDER ANOPLURA

• Haustellum = mouthparts modified to suck blood of their host.

• Head is narrower than thorax. • Ectoparasites of mammals only. • 2 species occur on humans

– Pediculus humanus humanus– Pediculus humanus capitis

Pediculus humanus

• Adult is 2-3 mm in length. • Body is dorsoventrally flattened

with head narrower than thorax.• 3 pairs of legs are similar. • Each leg has a claw (helps it cling

to hair)• The third leg is the longest• Has two antennas (short and

visible)

• Life Cycle= Incomplete metamorphosis: – egg (nits to clothing fibers or hairs). – Eggs hatch into nymphs (immature

adults). – Nymphs undergo 3 molts and

become adults in 8-9 days.

MALE VS FEMALE• Smaller• dark transverse bands on

the dorsum of the abdomen• Pointed end of the

abdomen • well-developed genital

apparatus visible inside the abdomen

• anterior leg- stouter. larger tibial thumb and tarsal claw;

• larger• Abdomen- terminates in

two larger posterior lobes, which give it a bi- lobed appearance

• (two gonopods in the shape of a W at the end of their abdomen.

• A, terminal part of anterior leg of male; • B, terminal part of anterior leg of female; cl, claw; ta, tarsus; t, tibia.

Pediculus humanus capitis

• Grey colour• Antenna shorter and broader• Size smaller (Male: 2.1-2.6,female: 2.4 -3.3)• Deeply pigmented • indentations between successive abdominal

segments are more clearly marked*differences in the chitinous pleural plate (p), also

known as the parategral plate, or laterosclerite, which covers that part of the segment

Body louse

PRACTICAL 6

BED BUGSOrder: Hemiptera

Family: Cimicidae

Cimex lectularius

Cimex lectularius

• Adults approx. 3/16 inch-long.

• Hide in cracks and crevices during day.

• Painless bite.• Previously fed adults

can survive 6-7 months without human host.

vestigial hemelytra

• Vestigial wings & a thin coat

of fine golden hairs

• Give off a distinctive “musty, sweetish” odor

• Undigested blood in feces causes “rusty” spots

prothorax deeply clefted

prothorax deeply clefted

FEMALEMALE

ABDOMEN SHAPE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEXES

Bed Bug vs. Bat Bug Cimex lectularius vs. Cimex adjunctus

fringe hairs on pronotum shorter than width of compound eye

fringe hairs on pronotum longer than or equal to width of compound eye

feed 3 – 4 dylay eggs 3 – 6 dy later

Fed

hatch in 4-12 dy

each nymph stage 2.5 to 12 dy

TOTAL DEVELOP

TIME:

EGG-ADULT 24 - 128 DY

TYPICAL BED BUG LIFE CYCLE

• Can live without food for as long as 18 months (4 months is common)

• Nocturnal feed on hosts while they sleep (bed bugs), painful bite disrupts sleep

• Dorsoventrally flattened - allows them to hide in tight places, cracks, under loose materials, in thatch houses.

•

TRAUMATIC INSEMINATION

Usual form of copulation in Cimicidae

Male aedeagus penetrates the female body wall to deposit sperm directly into a specialized structure of the female reproductive system.

MATING BEHAVIOR

Male aedeagus

Female paragenital sinus

site for male penetration

• Males are easily recognized by fang-like __________________________at the posterior end of abdomen.

• Copulation is • Females are identified by presence

of ___________________________ in the 5th abdominal segment.

• Male – rounded end• Female- pointed end