[ppt]cell structure & function - royal knights science world -...
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Cell Structure & Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
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Cell Theory
All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living
things. All cells come from preexisting cells through
cell division.
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Definition of Cell
A CELL IS THE SMALLEST UNIT THAT IS CAPABLE OF PERFORMING LIFE FUNCTIONS.
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Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
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Two Types of Cells
•PROKARYOTIC•EUKARYOTIC
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Prokaryotic Do not have structures
surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms,
Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
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Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
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“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
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http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
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Cell PartsORGANELLES
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Surrounding the Cell
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Cell Membrane
Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
Double layer
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Cell Wall
Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
Supports & protects cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Inside the Cell
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Nucleus
Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA
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Nuclear Membrane
Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow
material to enter and leave nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Chromosomes
In nucleus Made of DNA Contain
instructions for traits & characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Nucleolus
Inside nucleus Contains RNA to
build proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Cytoplasm
Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials
around in cell Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in surface
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Ribosomes
Each cell contains thousands
Make proteins Found on
ribosomes & floating throughout the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Mitochondria Produces energy through
chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
Controls level of water and other materials in cell
Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Golgi Bodies
Protein 'packaging plant'
Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Vacuoles
Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
Contains water solution
Help plants maintain shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Chloroplast
Usually found in plant cells
Contains green chlorophyll
Where photosynthesis takes place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html