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Presentation ofVocational Training onLathe Machine

HEAVY ENGINEERING CORPORATION RANCHIUNDER THE GUIDENCE OF: Mr. SUNDER SUBRAMANIAM(Sr. ENGINEER)HEC, RANCHI BY:MD GULAM QUADIRB. Tech. (MECH) Final YearA.H.C.E.T. CHEVELLA 13H11A0331

PRESENTATION ON LATHE MACHINE

PRINCIPLE OF LATHELathe is a machine, which is used to remove metal from the work piece to required shape and size.

COMPONENTS OF LATHE

TYPES OF LATHESSpeed Lathe :It is the simplest type lathe. It is mainly used for metal spinning, polishing etc.Bench Lathe :It is small sized engine lathe mounted on bench. It is used for turning small and light weight workpiece.Tool Room Lathe :It is used for production of small tools, gauges, fixtures and accurate parts in tool room.

Turret Lathe :These lathes are used in mass production and for heavy duty work pieces.Capstan Lathe :These lathes are used in mass production used for light duty work piecesSpecial Purpose Lathe :These lathes are modification of engine lathes developed for machining special types of workspaces.

Automatic Lathe Engine LatheTracer LatheComputer Controlled latheSwiss Type Automatic LatheDuplicating Lathe

COMPUTER NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED LATHE

Computer Numerical Controls (CNC)Equipped with one or more turretsEach turret is equipped with a variety of toolsPerforms several operations on different surfaces of the workpiece

TURRET LATHECapable of performing multiple cutting operations on the same work pieceTurningBoringDrillingThread cuttingFacingTurret lathes are very versatileTypes of turret lathesRam-type: ram slides in a separate base on the saddleSaddle type: more heavily constructedUsed to machine large workppieces

ENGINE LATHE

BENCH LATHE

AUTOMATIC LATHE

PARTS OF LATHE

Bed : Supports all major componentsCarriage: Slides along the ways and consists of the cross-slide, tool post, apronHeadstock : Holds the jaws for the work piece, supplies power to the jaws and has various drive speedsTailstock : Supports the other end of the work pieceFeed Rod and Lead Screw : Feed rod is powered by a set of gears from the headstock

LATHE BED

Heavy, rugged castingMade to support working parts of latheOn top section are machined waysGuide and align major parts of lathe

HEADSTOCK

Clamped on left-hand end of bedHeadstock spindleHollow cylindrical shaft supported by bearingsProvides drive through gears to work-holding devices

CARRIAGEUsed to move cutting tool along lathe bedConsists of three main partsSaddleCross-slideApron

APRON

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TAILSTOCK

ACCESSORIESChucks :Three jaw chuckFour jaw chuckCollet chuckCentres:Live centreDead centreTipped centreBall centreMandrels :Plain mandrelStepped mandrelCollared mandrelScrewed mandrel

Chucks :Three Jaw Chuck (Self Centering Chuck) : This chuck is used to hold circular work piece and is available in sizes from 100mm to 600 mm.Four Jaw Chuck (Independent Chuck) :It is used to hold rectangular, square and irregular shaped work pieces .

ACCESSORIES

Collet Chuck :Pull operating rodPush operating rod It is ideal for holding tube and thin walled work pieces.

Centres:Live CentreDead CentreBall CentrePipe CentreHalf CentreTipped Centre

Mandrels :Plain MandrelCollared MandrelScrewed MandrelStepped Mandrel

LATHE OPERATIONS

Turing FacingBoringDrillingTaperCambering

GroovingFormingReamingUndercuttingThread cuttingKnurlingLATHE OPERATIONS

BORING

Boring produces circular internal profiles in hollow work piecesBoring mills are used for large work piecesHoles can be bored up to 20M if neededSee fig. 22.20Machines are available with a variety of featuresHorizontal boring machinesJig borers

TURNINGForces in turning Cutting force: acts downward on the tool tipThrust force: acts in the longitudinal directionRadial force: acts in the radial direction

Roughing and Finishing CutsRough cut: high speed cut with little regard for dimensional toleranceFinishing cut: lower feed rate and depth of cutTool Materials, Feeds, and Cutting SpeedsCutting Fluids

CONCEPT OF SPEED, FEED AND DEPTH OF CUT

Cutting speed=dn mm/min 1000Feed :It is expressed in mm/revDepth of cut :t=D-d mm 2

SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL GEOMETRY

ClearanceRakeEnd cutting edge angleSide cutting edge angle

THANKS