ppt of srm
TRANSCRIPT
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SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR
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Introduction The reluctance motor is a type of synchronous machine. It
has wound field coils of a DC motor for its stator windingsand has no coils or magnets on its rotor.
Unlike a conventional synchronous motor, both the rotor and
stator of a switched reluctance motor have salient poles.
Hence, the machine is a doubly salient machine.
This doubly salient arrangement is very effective for
electromagnetic energy conversion.
Areluctance motor is a type ofelectric motor that induces non-
permanent magnetic poles on the ferromagnetic rotor. Torque is
generated through the phenomenon ofmagnetic reluctance.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferromagnetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reluctancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reluctancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reluctancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reluctancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferromagnetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor -
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SRMs are made up of laminated stator and rotor cores with
Ns=2mqpoles on the stator and Nr poles on the rotor. The
number of phases is m and each phase is made up of
concentrated coils placed on 2q stator poles. Most favored
configuration amongst many more options are 6/4 three
phase and 8/6 four phase SRMs as shown in the figure 1(a).
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Operation of SRM
The stator carries coils on each pole, the coils on opposite
poles being connected in series.
The rotor is aligned whenever the diametrically opposite
stator poles are excited.
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The rotor forms a magnetic circuit with the energized stator
pole. The reluctance of a magnetic circuit is the magnetic
equivalent to the resistance of an electric circuit. The reluctance of the magnetic circuit decreases as the rotor
aligns with the stator pole.
When the rotor is inline with the stator the gap between therotor and stator is very small. At this point the reluctance
is at a minimum.
Reluctance is the property of a magnetic circuit by virtue ofwhich it opposes the production of flux in the magnetic
circuit.
That is why it is called as switched reluctance motor.
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The inductance of the energized winding also varies as
the rotor rotates.
When the rotor is out of alignment, the inductance is
very low, and the current will increase rapidly.
When the rotor is aligned with the stator, the inductance
will be very large and the slope decreases.
Torque is produced as a result of the attraction between
the electromagnet and the iron rotor.
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consider that the rotor poles r1 and r1 and stator poles c
and c are aligned. Apply a current to phase a with the
current direction as shown in Fig.2a.
A flux is established through stator poles a and a and
rotor poles r2 and r2 which tends to pull the rotor poles r2
and r2 towards the stator poles aand a, respectively.
When they are aligned, the stator current of phase a is
turned off and the corresponding situation is shown in
Fig.2b. Now the stator winding b is excited, pulling r1 and
r1 toward band b, respectively, in a clockwise direction.
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Likewise, energizing phase cwinding results in the alignment
of r2 and r2 with c and c, respectively. Accordingly, by
switching the stator currents in such a sequence, the rotor is
rotated. i.e abc sequence for clock wise.
Similarly, the switching of current in the sequence ofacbwill
result in the reversal of rotor rotation. Since the movement
of the rotor, hence the production of torque and power,
involves a switching of currents into stator windings when
there is a variation of reluctance, this variable speed motor
is referred to as a switched reluctance motor (SRM).
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i.e The movement of the rotor, hence the production of
torque and power, involves switching of currents into stator
windings when there is a variation of reluctance;
therefore, this variable speed motor drive is referred to as a
switched reluctance motor drive.
Working animation:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXJUYumwh-k
Video file
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXJUYumwh-khttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXJUYumwh-khttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXJUYumwh-khttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXJUYumwh-khttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXJUYumwh-khttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXJUYumwh-khttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXJUYumwh-khttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXJUYumwh-khttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXJUYumwh-khttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXJUYumwh-k -
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TYPES OF SRMS:
The initial classification is made on the basis of the nature ofthe motion (i.e., rotating or linear).
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The rotary machine-based SRMs are classified as
1. Radial field SRM.
2. Axial field SRM.
If the magnetic field path is perpendicular to the shaft, which
may also be seen as along the radius of the cylindrical stator
and rotor, the SRM is classified as Radial field SRM.
When the flux path is along the axial direction, the machine
is called an Axial field SRM.
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Radial field SRMs is most commonly used.
Radial field SRMs can be divided into shorter and longer
flux paths based on how a phase coil is placed.
The conventional one is the long flux path SRMs, in which
the phase coil is placed in the diametrically opposite slots.
In the shorter flux path SRMs, the phase coil is placed in
the slots adjacent to each other.
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The axial field configuration of a SRM
This type of SRMs is ideal for applications where the total
length may be constrained, such as in a ceiling fan or in a
propulsion application. These may be single-stack or
multi stack.
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SRM DRIVE SYSTEM AND CONTROL:
. It is made up of four basic components: power converter,control logic circuit, position sensor and the switched
reluctance motor.
i d i i f h
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Motoring and regeneration actions of the SRM
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANATGES OF SRM
Machine construction is simple and low-cost because of the
absence of rotor winding and permanent magnets. Bidirectional currents are not necessary, which facilitates
the reduction of the number of power switches.
The torquespeed characteristics of the motor can bemodified to the application requirement more easily during
the design stage than in the case of induction and PM
machines. The starting torque can be very high without the problem
of excessive in-rush current due to its higher self-
inductance.
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANATGES OF SRM conti..
The maximum permissible rotor temperature is higher,
since there are no permanent magnets.
Extremely high speeds with a wide constant power
region are possible.
High efficiency, high power.
Very robust because rotor has no windings and slip
rings.
Four quadrant operations are possible.
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Disadvantages of SRM
The torque ripple and acoustic noise are the most critical.
The doubly salient structure of the SRM also causes higher
acoustic noise compared with other machines.
Stator copper losses will be higher.
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APPLICATIONS OF SRM:
General purpose industrial drives.
Electric traction.
Application-specific drives: compressors, fans, pumps,
centrifuges.
Domestic drives: food processors, washing machines,
vacuum cleaners.
Electric vehicle application.
Aircraft applications.
Servo-drives.
Automotive applications such as power steering
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