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Differences of the Reportingof serious accidents and naturaldisasters in China from western

countries

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Topic

How is the reporting of serious accidents

and/or natural disasters different in China

from countries such as Britain or theUnited States?

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Group members

20101677 20101682

20101763

20101707 20101761

20101738

20101681 class 3

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Introduction 20101677

Concept

Serious Accident

Severe accident refers to the original is a

proper nouns for electric field,but we also use it

to describe the things whoes happening impact

much in the political, economic, cultural and

other fields.

Examples

Connecticut school shooting

911 attacks

314 Tibetan Event

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Natural disaster

A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural

processes of the Earth; examples include floods, severe weather, volcanic

eruptions, earthquakes, and other geologic processes.

Examples 2008 Sichuan earthquake

2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami

2011 Japan earthquake

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Paying high attention to serious accidents and natural disasters

is the urgent need for people.China is the earliest country

making reports on disasters and accident.But after along period

of development,westerm media have become much more

praetieally and theoretically mature on reporting disasters and

accidents

Today, we are trying to compare the differences between chinese

media and western media In the reporting of serious accidents

and natural disasters

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PART 1.

PART 1.

differences of serious accidents report.

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1.Different report habits and ways

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Different report habits and ways 20101682

On march 14,2008 Lhasa, Tibet

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Different report habits and ways

Set fire 300 places

908 stores 7 schools 120 houses 5 hospitals

Had been attacked

18 people had been killed

382 people had been injured

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Killers: Dalai clique

Different report habits and ways

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Different report habits and ways

Different medias have their differentreport habits and ways

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2. Differences in the way of reportingemergencies 20101763

The number of press releases of emergency

The number of the 14th March Tibet violence

press releases that China Daily has reported

in the first 10 days since the emergencyhappened .

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China and many other countries from all over the

world focus on the 14th of March Tibet violence.

But from the diagram, we can easily find out the

number of press release of the emergency is too

small in the first four days. On 19th of March, thenumber of press release increased sharply and in

the next few days the numberis kept in the high

level. One phenomenon which is really confusing

is the quantity of reporting boosted to the summitwhen the violent incidence occurred in the Ninth

day

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Contract with The Times

Contract with The Timesthe number of press releases about 14th MarchTibet violence in the first ten days since

emergency happened.

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From the diagram, what can be found is the

tendency of The Times is from high level

coverage to low level coverage in the first ten

days since emergency happened.

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As we know, timeliness is a crucial factor of

breaking news. Breaking news contains large

amount of information and releases this huge

amount of information to the public very rapidly.

Especially in the early time of emergencies, the

audience urgently needs to know the information ofbreaking news. In the beginning , the audience

needs information to confirm their guesses about

breaking news. So at that time, the information

about the emergency has high news value. Theprimary task of this time is telling the public the

truths you knew.

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Valuable information

From the lead ofChina Dailywe can see that itlacks of spot information and detail of the

violence. It didnt show the information that the

readers really care. Contracting with the lead of

The New York Times, which contains the 5Wofthe whole event and let the readers know the

overview of the whole event. They fulfill the

readers curiosity about the violence.

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News Recourses

The news source of 14th March Tibet violence

from different part

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As for the information source , the audience is willing to

believe respondents without any official background,disregarding political overtones and economic benefits.

The Chinese reporting is used to broadcasting the

opinion from the governmentespecially broadcastinggovernmental statements. Even thought having theopinions from the folk, the folk opinions almost similar

with the official opinion. That make a consensus in the

audience is the Chinese reporting are equivalent to theofficial statement. This consensus has a bad influence to

reporting.

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Contrast with Washington Post

We take the headline

of W.P on Dec 17th

2012

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We list the information resources of W.P

Unofficial news resources

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Official information recourses

3 Diff i th f f ti

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3.Differences in the form of reportingemergencies 20101707

Differences in the form of reporting emergencies

General News

Depth reports

Comments

Phothgraphs

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General News

Objectively speaking,Chinese media's reports of the14th

March Tibet violence is hysteretic and absent.We cantake CCTV as an example.One day after the riot

occurred,CCTV broadcast the news actually,which made

Chinese media very passive

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On the other hand,the react of western media is

rather rapid.The violence was reported when it

had just happened.

However,negative news accounts for the most of

general news.Such as CNN,the reports areconcentrated in alleged "crackdown" and

"denounce" to Chinese government.

In all 310 reports to the violence of CNN,276

reports is negative,which accounts for 76%.

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The reasons why there are differences between

China and western are based on the long-term

bias from the west.Prejudice is far more away

from the truth than ignorance.However,Chinese

media is not commendable either.

What Chinese media did is covering up and

sealing off,while what western media did is

distorting the truth.Both of the two are away fromthe pursuit of the truth.

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Depth reports

The depth reports of

China lead toterritorial integrity andnational sovereignty.

The western lead to aproblem that Chinahas been long-timecriticized--humanrights

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Although CCTV's depth reports to the violence

were a little bit delaythey answered thequestions form the west and were effictive to

rumor.They saved China's national image

largely. CNN's depth reports criticized China's human

rights issues,they used words like "brute

force","massacre","iron-fisted" to describe what

Chinese government did.It is a bit biased butreflects the long-term absence of China's

national image

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Comments

Comments from CCTV are mainly based on

consideration of national security and stability.

CCTV condemned on perpetrators and Tibetanseparatists and claimed sovereignty to Tibet.

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Commments from the west

AmericanUrged both sides to exerciserestraint

BritainUrged both sides to exercise restraintand engage in dialogue

The presidents of Poland and Czech even

evaded attending the Beijing Olympics.

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It can be seen that the attitude of the western

mainstream media of the incident remained thesame,this is based on universal values and it isunderstandable.However,distorting the factsdeliberately to attack China is undesirable.

Besides,comments from Pakistan, Russia,Venezuela are the same with Chinesemainstream mediathe judgment to a simpleevents has a national interest considerations.

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Photographs

Mistaken identity

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Fabricate

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Take a part from the wholeconfuse publicopinion

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PART 2.

PART 2.

differences of natural disaster report.

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1.Comparison of differences 20101761

Differences between reports

covered by Chinese media and

western media

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Wenchuan earthquake

The 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great

Sichuan Earthquake was a deadly earthquake

that measured at 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw,and

occurred at 02:28:01 PM China Standard Timeat epicenter (06:28:01 UTC)on Monday, May

12, 2008 in Sichuan province of China, killing

an estimated 68,000 people.

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The earthquake shocked the people, also

shocked the world. The international communitygave an eager concern and actively help.

Based on reports of the Wenchuan earthquakewhich happened in our country in2008, the

paper analyzes the differences between reportscovered by Chinese media and western media,the root for the differences as well as theinsufficiencies of Chinese media reports of

incident and then draws the enlightenment ofimproving the quality of Chinese media reports.

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Perspective of reporting

1Perspective of reporting

To wenchuan earthquake reports,by theinfluence of the perspective difference, the newsmedia each selected from different angles.

By the influence of Confucious, Chinese mediabelieve the "harmony", so they use a "zerofocalization" way,and pay more attention to howpeople overcome the disaster in the form and

make government organization rescueoperations prominent.

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Perspective of reporting

While, western media usaually use "internal

focalization"and "external focalization" way.They pay attention to the victims of theearthquake in the individual and pay attention toindividual image of characterization, and manydetails and descriptions of emotion.

such as the from 5.12 to5.31, there are 54 reportings:(1)After theearthquake, the relationship between people

reveal the truth, especially family; (2) the worldfor earthquake victims memorial; (3) thegovernment and social relief in rescue activities.

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the establishment of the subject

2the establishment of the subject

In the wenchuan earthquake report process,

China and the western through the news media

to report to the audience transfer point of viewhas obvious differences, and these differences'

root is the differencese of the establishment of

the subject.

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the establishment of the subject

Generally speaking, Chinese news media to the

report of earthquake behaved very "caution".

In the reported value judgment, they still payattention to propaganda value higher than the

news value.

Whether the

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On May 14, the front page of the headline is

"resolutely response of the party centralcommittee and President hu's call for military

army and the armed police force out for

earthquake relief

514

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U.S. news media focus on the performance of

the earthquake itself: the earthquake itselfscruelthe individual tragic, the painful fate, theperformance of man and nature of conflict,

people is powerlessin the face of nature.

in the New York Times on May 13

entitled "'no hope' reports.

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Throughout report, its information passed to the

audience is powerless human natural threats.People are helpless, only have to listen to the

fate of the arrangements, or to wait for God's

salvation.

This fits well with the living in the United States

Christian man under the background of the

American psyche, that is person is guilty and

need God's salvation.

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Journalism and Communication of China

attaches importance to "the facts speak for"propaganda and ideological expression invisible

on news reports.

Western media are focusing on the survival of

the human environment and the survival of the

state, they believe that individual is important.

diff t f thi ki

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different way of thinking

(3) different way of thinking

You basically had a bunch of guys humpingthrough the mountains on foot and digging out

people with their hands, Mr. Mulvenon said.It was not a stellar example of a modernmilitary.

New York Times

Quake Revealed Deficiencies of ChinasMilitary

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U.S. media , influenced by the traditional

Western thinking, they are often used to reflect awidespread social problem case to the narrative,

as objectively as possible, instead of subjective

comments.

They love details.

while, Chinese media usually use some

sweeping description.Chinese media are

accustomed to the limited objective fact-basedsome time.

diff t iti t l

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different writing styles

(4) different writing styles

In China, the core spirit is harmony, peaceful, so

media emphasize the overall harmony, including

the harmony of human beings and nature.

But western media believe "separate". They

emphasis on the individual and the overall's split.

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May 15, 2008, "New York Times",

entitled "Tiny Bodies in a Morgue, and Grief in

China,"

the report wrote that

"Dead bodies were everywhere. Some were

mounted in white woven on the ground, somewere covered with them alive like sheets or put

on new clothes. These bodies will be mass

cremation, these are all children."

2. Reasons of the differences 20 0 38

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20101738

The news is a reflection of the objective world, is a

product of the social and cultural, and economicfoundations of the superstructure. It is bound to be

influenced by the political, economic, cultural, legal,

religious, and therefore, any country in the world, news

reports must be subject to this country's political system,economic system, cultural traditions and habits of mind.

There are a lot of differences between China and

the United States in the political system, economic

system, cultural traditions. From our Wenchuan

earthquake coverage, see the different performance ofthe two countries.

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1.Different political and economic system m

cause the differences of news systembetween the us and china

News system is the nature of ownership of thejournalism, the composition of the decision-

making body, journalism structure and the

National News constraints mechanism.

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(1) The different media position in different systeam

Economic systems, resulting in different ownership o

Different economic base in China and the United States

decided the huge difference of bilateral political and of

journalism. The role of media in society as a whole system

operating under a different news system is not the same,

so the two countries have completely different

understanding of the station of their news media.

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In the late 19th century, the United States has entered a

period of monopoly capitalism, at the same time, thenewspaper monopoly. The newspaper industry as abusiness, newspapers become a commodity,newspapers as the duality of social media and enterpriseproperty gradually been recognized by everyone. The

monopoly has become an important feature of Americanjournalism. Properties with the American news mediawas given a monopoly, it is no longer simply to newsreports, the responsibility to transmit information, itbegan to be involved in all aspects of social life, only for

the pursuit of economic interests. While in the pursuit ofeconomic interests, they will also pursue political, social,and cultural significance as elements of value orientation.

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In terms of its role in the community "play", the U.S.

media first private sector under a capitalist economicsystem must be operated in accordance with the

economic laws of the capitalist market; the other hand it

has a social function - Culture Communication

environmental monitoring, social adjustment,entertainment and sharing. Thus the U.S. media will own

the properties are located in the "super-partisan, popular,

independent (to maximize the audience) social justice

(social function)."

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Compared to the development of the news media in

China and the United States many years later, coupledwith social and political, economic ring Environmentalimpact, making our newspaper into the political partynewspapers period from the birth. China's earlynewspapers, especially Reformists and revolutionariesthe polemics period, their founder the newspapers seek

publicity of speech, political commentator Lee, Attemptto gain an advantage in the political status. Therefore,the total seems our newspapers nature and Modern

America Newspapers quite a bit similar. However, bothin essence there is a fundamental difference - when our

political parties reported root Planting soil is not acapitalist economy, but a semi-colonial and semi-feudaleconomy.

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After the founding of New China, China's socialist public

ownership of the production is the economic foundationestablished socialist. Meaning of the economic system.China's news media have been new to Marx, Lenin andMao Zedong, the revolutionary leader Smell theory asthe theoretical basis for its understanding of nature. Thisis also the voice of "our country has been in the absolute

master Guide the ideological foundation status. With theestablishment of the socialist market economic systemand the deepening of the reform of the pressdevelopment

news of merchantability gradually academia are aware

of, and it was accepted. Therefore, China's news mediaBody to its own nature to create targeted at "themouthpiece of the party and the people, at the sametime to create a good social Good economic benefits.

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(2)operate under different system of news media

editorial policy differences

Editorial policy refers to the news media, according tothe wishes of the owners of the media, the aim and thepropagation environment of media. The relative stability

of the overall design of the content, form and style of theeditors and reporters editorial activities must Follow thebasic principles and the main basis for the "law" of themedia decision-making. At the same time, due to thenews media in the community Special status, but also

will be living in the skills of the entire social and politicalculture, news, culture and news media reporters andeditors Organic combination.

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The United States is a capitalist private ownership economy isbased confederation countries. From the news media have

The class character point of view, is the private ownership of thenews media in the United States, on behalf of the interests of thecapitalists, the compilation of the developmentThe Ser guidelines bound to safeguard the interests of thebourgeoisie, and thus, the establishment of the editorial policy of theU.S. news media is difficult to avoid

Free to be influenced by the mainstream political culture, the core ofdemocracy and freedom.The national news media has inherited the mainstream politicalculture, such as the core of democracy, freedom and the formationof the NewsThe four ideological creed of the media system: (1) the news mediato get rid of the interference from the outside, to get rid of from

advertisers and even to news media service for the realization of the "public's right toknow"; news media to explore true from the interference of thepublic;Management; news media to report the facts objectivelyand fairly

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In addition, the establishment of the editorial policy of the

U.S. news media also constrained by partisan interests -the dispute from the interests of the Liberal Party and the

Conservative Party: Liberal Party advocates under the

protection of the people enjoy the premise of democracy

and human rights, a relatively "tough" government moreawide range of social programs; conservative advocate of

laissez-faire, requires strict restrictions on the

Government's rights.Nevertheless, the news media in

the United States is very taboo in the actual operation

clearly showed itself tendentious, will think of ways toavoid contracting the partisan.

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China is a socialist country to the socialist public ownership of the

means of production is based. Therefore, China's news mediarepresentatives of the interests of the party and the people, is the

mouthpiece of the party and the government's eyes and ears, the

eyes and ears of the people mouthpiece.The basic characteristics

determines our news media under the guidance of the Party's basic

line must always put the social benefits first, dedicated service for

the masses, and promote modernization; media coverage must be

in strict accordance with the principle of party spirit. So, in our

country, the editorial policy of the media tend to be at the same time

take into account the needs of both: the needs of the party and the

government as well as the needs of the broad masses, but the

masses of the people as the news media's audience, is a complexcollection of media and negative mission to correctly guide the

reader.

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2.different news system mechanisms and

News legal system under the control of thepress

The news media have a good, appropriate, and effective regulatory

mechanism to alleviate social pressures, and a complete legalsystem specification enables information dissemination activity

becomes. Sino-US economic foundation of our political system,

news system, and they decided to have a considerable difference,

but the two countries have never given up control news

dissemination own country, even if based on objective, neutral flauntthe United States difficult to avoid. The control of the press is the

national, political parties and social groups by means of material

assets, policies and regulations mandatory for news dissemination

behavior management and restraint.

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U.S. news media taboo practice clear expression of their

own tendency to avoid contracting the partisan, objectiveand fair reporting news, comment as its own code ofconduct, however, theyBe able to use a variety of means to exert influence onthe news of the quantity, quality, flow, oriented sectors.In addition, Lee

Hay Group, advertisers, media industry organization fornews dissemination behavior also plays a certain role inregulating.U.S. government for its massive public informationnetwork, and strong financial resources, to effectively

control the entirePublic Information of the United States, control of thenews media "carrot and stick" means.

3 Revelation 20101681

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3. Revelation 20101681

From the comparison of the major news

and events reported by Chinese and

Western mainstream media

In recent years, Chinese media has made

certain progress in all respects, but

compared with the Western media, there

are still many deficiencies and there is alot to learn.

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The reported horizontal (two points)

First of all, our media should have aconcept of international perspective, andwe should be reported as its ownresponsibilities rather than tasks.

Second, China's media should improve the

business level of the major news andevents reports. Which is subdivided intothree points.

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1)Pursuit the timeliness of the news, while

focusing on reported quality;

2)Varieties of media such as radio, television,

newspapers, Internet etc. should co-operationand complementarity;

3)Emphasis on the humane care, to show media

humane with civilian perspective.

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Reported quality (five points)

1)Establish and improve the medias

contingency plans mechanisms, wiping reported

blind spots 2)Grasp the authenticity and objectivity of the

news, and correct guidance of public opinion

3)In the reported we could use suspense toattract readers and impress readers

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4)Use a balanced approach to report, and

reflect the complete picture of facts accurately

5)Accurately grasp the humane care, reflecting

the respect for life and human

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There are much that Chinese media

should learn from Western mediaand Ibelieve Chinese media would make great

progress and get better after soon.

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