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Differences of the Reportingof serious accidents and naturaldisasters in China from western
countries
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Topic
How is the reporting of serious accidents
and/or natural disasters different in China
from countries such as Britain or theUnited States?
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Group members
20101677 20101682
20101763
20101707 20101761
20101738
20101681 class 3
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Introduction 20101677
Concept
Serious Accident
Severe accident refers to the original is a
proper nouns for electric field,but we also use it
to describe the things whoes happening impact
much in the political, economic, cultural and
other fields.
Examples
Connecticut school shooting
911 attacks
314 Tibetan Event
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Natural disaster
A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural
processes of the Earth; examples include floods, severe weather, volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes, and other geologic processes.
Examples 2008 Sichuan earthquake
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
2011 Japan earthquake
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Paying high attention to serious accidents and natural disasters
is the urgent need for people.China is the earliest country
making reports on disasters and accident.But after along period
of development,westerm media have become much more
praetieally and theoretically mature on reporting disasters and
accidents
Today, we are trying to compare the differences between chinese
media and western media In the reporting of serious accidents
and natural disasters
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PART 1.
PART 1.
differences of serious accidents report.
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1.Different report habits and ways
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Different report habits and ways 20101682
On march 14,2008 Lhasa, Tibet
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Different report habits and ways
Set fire 300 places
908 stores 7 schools 120 houses 5 hospitals
Had been attacked
18 people had been killed
382 people had been injured
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Killers: Dalai clique
Different report habits and ways
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Different report habits and ways
Different medias have their differentreport habits and ways
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2. Differences in the way of reportingemergencies 20101763
The number of press releases of emergency
The number of the 14th March Tibet violence
press releases that China Daily has reported
in the first 10 days since the emergencyhappened .
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China and many other countries from all over the
world focus on the 14th of March Tibet violence.
But from the diagram, we can easily find out the
number of press release of the emergency is too
small in the first four days. On 19th of March, thenumber of press release increased sharply and in
the next few days the numberis kept in the high
level. One phenomenon which is really confusing
is the quantity of reporting boosted to the summitwhen the violent incidence occurred in the Ninth
day
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Contract with The Times
Contract with The Timesthe number of press releases about 14th MarchTibet violence in the first ten days since
emergency happened.
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From the diagram, what can be found is the
tendency of The Times is from high level
coverage to low level coverage in the first ten
days since emergency happened.
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As we know, timeliness is a crucial factor of
breaking news. Breaking news contains large
amount of information and releases this huge
amount of information to the public very rapidly.
Especially in the early time of emergencies, the
audience urgently needs to know the information ofbreaking news. In the beginning , the audience
needs information to confirm their guesses about
breaking news. So at that time, the information
about the emergency has high news value. Theprimary task of this time is telling the public the
truths you knew.
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Valuable information
From the lead ofChina Dailywe can see that itlacks of spot information and detail of the
violence. It didnt show the information that the
readers really care. Contracting with the lead of
The New York Times, which contains the 5Wofthe whole event and let the readers know the
overview of the whole event. They fulfill the
readers curiosity about the violence.
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News Recourses
The news source of 14th March Tibet violence
from different part
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As for the information source , the audience is willing to
believe respondents without any official background,disregarding political overtones and economic benefits.
The Chinese reporting is used to broadcasting the
opinion from the governmentespecially broadcastinggovernmental statements. Even thought having theopinions from the folk, the folk opinions almost similar
with the official opinion. That make a consensus in the
audience is the Chinese reporting are equivalent to theofficial statement. This consensus has a bad influence to
reporting.
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Contrast with Washington Post
We take the headline
of W.P on Dec 17th
2012
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We list the information resources of W.P
Unofficial news resources
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Official information recourses
3 Diff i th f f ti
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3.Differences in the form of reportingemergencies 20101707
Differences in the form of reporting emergencies
General News
Depth reports
Comments
Phothgraphs
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General News
Objectively speaking,Chinese media's reports of the14th
March Tibet violence is hysteretic and absent.We cantake CCTV as an example.One day after the riot
occurred,CCTV broadcast the news actually,which made
Chinese media very passive
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On the other hand,the react of western media is
rather rapid.The violence was reported when it
had just happened.
However,negative news accounts for the most of
general news.Such as CNN,the reports areconcentrated in alleged "crackdown" and
"denounce" to Chinese government.
In all 310 reports to the violence of CNN,276
reports is negative,which accounts for 76%.
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The reasons why there are differences between
China and western are based on the long-term
bias from the west.Prejudice is far more away
from the truth than ignorance.However,Chinese
media is not commendable either.
What Chinese media did is covering up and
sealing off,while what western media did is
distorting the truth.Both of the two are away fromthe pursuit of the truth.
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Depth reports
The depth reports of
China lead toterritorial integrity andnational sovereignty.
The western lead to aproblem that Chinahas been long-timecriticized--humanrights
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Although CCTV's depth reports to the violence
were a little bit delaythey answered thequestions form the west and were effictive to
rumor.They saved China's national image
largely. CNN's depth reports criticized China's human
rights issues,they used words like "brute
force","massacre","iron-fisted" to describe what
Chinese government did.It is a bit biased butreflects the long-term absence of China's
national image
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Comments
Comments from CCTV are mainly based on
consideration of national security and stability.
CCTV condemned on perpetrators and Tibetanseparatists and claimed sovereignty to Tibet.
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Commments from the west
AmericanUrged both sides to exerciserestraint
BritainUrged both sides to exercise restraintand engage in dialogue
The presidents of Poland and Czech even
evaded attending the Beijing Olympics.
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It can be seen that the attitude of the western
mainstream media of the incident remained thesame,this is based on universal values and it isunderstandable.However,distorting the factsdeliberately to attack China is undesirable.
Besides,comments from Pakistan, Russia,Venezuela are the same with Chinesemainstream mediathe judgment to a simpleevents has a national interest considerations.
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Photographs
Mistaken identity
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Fabricate
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Take a part from the wholeconfuse publicopinion
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PART 2.
PART 2.
differences of natural disaster report.
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1.Comparison of differences 20101761
Differences between reports
covered by Chinese media and
western media
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Wenchuan earthquake
The 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great
Sichuan Earthquake was a deadly earthquake
that measured at 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw,and
occurred at 02:28:01 PM China Standard Timeat epicenter (06:28:01 UTC)on Monday, May
12, 2008 in Sichuan province of China, killing
an estimated 68,000 people.
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The earthquake shocked the people, also
shocked the world. The international communitygave an eager concern and actively help.
Based on reports of the Wenchuan earthquakewhich happened in our country in2008, the
paper analyzes the differences between reportscovered by Chinese media and western media,the root for the differences as well as theinsufficiencies of Chinese media reports of
incident and then draws the enlightenment ofimproving the quality of Chinese media reports.
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Perspective of reporting
1Perspective of reporting
To wenchuan earthquake reports,by theinfluence of the perspective difference, the newsmedia each selected from different angles.
By the influence of Confucious, Chinese mediabelieve the "harmony", so they use a "zerofocalization" way,and pay more attention to howpeople overcome the disaster in the form and
make government organization rescueoperations prominent.
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Perspective of reporting
While, western media usaually use "internal
focalization"and "external focalization" way.They pay attention to the victims of theearthquake in the individual and pay attention toindividual image of characterization, and manydetails and descriptions of emotion.
such as the from 5.12 to5.31, there are 54 reportings:(1)After theearthquake, the relationship between people
reveal the truth, especially family; (2) the worldfor earthquake victims memorial; (3) thegovernment and social relief in rescue activities.
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the establishment of the subject
2the establishment of the subject
In the wenchuan earthquake report process,
China and the western through the news media
to report to the audience transfer point of viewhas obvious differences, and these differences'
root is the differencese of the establishment of
the subject.
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the establishment of the subject
Generally speaking, Chinese news media to the
report of earthquake behaved very "caution".
In the reported value judgment, they still payattention to propaganda value higher than the
news value.
Whether the
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On May 14, the front page of the headline is
"resolutely response of the party centralcommittee and President hu's call for military
army and the armed police force out for
earthquake relief
514
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U.S. news media focus on the performance of
the earthquake itself: the earthquake itselfscruelthe individual tragic, the painful fate, theperformance of man and nature of conflict,
people is powerlessin the face of nature.
in the New York Times on May 13
entitled "'no hope' reports.
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Throughout report, its information passed to the
audience is powerless human natural threats.People are helpless, only have to listen to the
fate of the arrangements, or to wait for God's
salvation.
This fits well with the living in the United States
Christian man under the background of the
American psyche, that is person is guilty and
need God's salvation.
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Journalism and Communication of China
attaches importance to "the facts speak for"propaganda and ideological expression invisible
on news reports.
Western media are focusing on the survival of
the human environment and the survival of the
state, they believe that individual is important.
diff t f thi ki
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different way of thinking
(3) different way of thinking
You basically had a bunch of guys humpingthrough the mountains on foot and digging out
people with their hands, Mr. Mulvenon said.It was not a stellar example of a modernmilitary.
New York Times
Quake Revealed Deficiencies of ChinasMilitary
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U.S. media , influenced by the traditional
Western thinking, they are often used to reflect awidespread social problem case to the narrative,
as objectively as possible, instead of subjective
comments.
They love details.
while, Chinese media usually use some
sweeping description.Chinese media are
accustomed to the limited objective fact-basedsome time.
diff t iti t l
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different writing styles
(4) different writing styles
In China, the core spirit is harmony, peaceful, so
media emphasize the overall harmony, including
the harmony of human beings and nature.
But western media believe "separate". They
emphasis on the individual and the overall's split.
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May 15, 2008, "New York Times",
entitled "Tiny Bodies in a Morgue, and Grief in
China,"
the report wrote that
"Dead bodies were everywhere. Some were
mounted in white woven on the ground, somewere covered with them alive like sheets or put
on new clothes. These bodies will be mass
cremation, these are all children."
2. Reasons of the differences 20 0 38
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20101738
The news is a reflection of the objective world, is a
product of the social and cultural, and economicfoundations of the superstructure. It is bound to be
influenced by the political, economic, cultural, legal,
religious, and therefore, any country in the world, news
reports must be subject to this country's political system,economic system, cultural traditions and habits of mind.
There are a lot of differences between China and
the United States in the political system, economic
system, cultural traditions. From our Wenchuan
earthquake coverage, see the different performance ofthe two countries.
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1.Different political and economic system m
cause the differences of news systembetween the us and china
News system is the nature of ownership of thejournalism, the composition of the decision-
making body, journalism structure and the
National News constraints mechanism.
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(1) The different media position in different systeam
Economic systems, resulting in different ownership o
Different economic base in China and the United States
decided the huge difference of bilateral political and of
journalism. The role of media in society as a whole system
operating under a different news system is not the same,
so the two countries have completely different
understanding of the station of their news media.
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In the late 19th century, the United States has entered a
period of monopoly capitalism, at the same time, thenewspaper monopoly. The newspaper industry as abusiness, newspapers become a commodity,newspapers as the duality of social media and enterpriseproperty gradually been recognized by everyone. The
monopoly has become an important feature of Americanjournalism. Properties with the American news mediawas given a monopoly, it is no longer simply to newsreports, the responsibility to transmit information, itbegan to be involved in all aspects of social life, only for
the pursuit of economic interests. While in the pursuit ofeconomic interests, they will also pursue political, social,and cultural significance as elements of value orientation.
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In terms of its role in the community "play", the U.S.
media first private sector under a capitalist economicsystem must be operated in accordance with the
economic laws of the capitalist market; the other hand it
has a social function - Culture Communication
environmental monitoring, social adjustment,entertainment and sharing. Thus the U.S. media will own
the properties are located in the "super-partisan, popular,
independent (to maximize the audience) social justice
(social function)."
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Compared to the development of the news media in
China and the United States many years later, coupledwith social and political, economic ring Environmentalimpact, making our newspaper into the political partynewspapers period from the birth. China's earlynewspapers, especially Reformists and revolutionariesthe polemics period, their founder the newspapers seek
publicity of speech, political commentator Lee, Attemptto gain an advantage in the political status. Therefore,the total seems our newspapers nature and Modern
America Newspapers quite a bit similar. However, bothin essence there is a fundamental difference - when our
political parties reported root Planting soil is not acapitalist economy, but a semi-colonial and semi-feudaleconomy.
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After the founding of New China, China's socialist public
ownership of the production is the economic foundationestablished socialist. Meaning of the economic system.China's news media have been new to Marx, Lenin andMao Zedong, the revolutionary leader Smell theory asthe theoretical basis for its understanding of nature. Thisis also the voice of "our country has been in the absolute
master Guide the ideological foundation status. With theestablishment of the socialist market economic systemand the deepening of the reform of the pressdevelopment
news of merchantability gradually academia are aware
of, and it was accepted. Therefore, China's news mediaBody to its own nature to create targeted at "themouthpiece of the party and the people, at the sametime to create a good social Good economic benefits.
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(2)operate under different system of news media
editorial policy differences
Editorial policy refers to the news media, according tothe wishes of the owners of the media, the aim and thepropagation environment of media. The relative stability
of the overall design of the content, form and style of theeditors and reporters editorial activities must Follow thebasic principles and the main basis for the "law" of themedia decision-making. At the same time, due to thenews media in the community Special status, but also
will be living in the skills of the entire social and politicalculture, news, culture and news media reporters andeditors Organic combination.
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The United States is a capitalist private ownership economy isbased confederation countries. From the news media have
The class character point of view, is the private ownership of thenews media in the United States, on behalf of the interests of thecapitalists, the compilation of the developmentThe Ser guidelines bound to safeguard the interests of thebourgeoisie, and thus, the establishment of the editorial policy of theU.S. news media is difficult to avoid
Free to be influenced by the mainstream political culture, the core ofdemocracy and freedom.The national news media has inherited the mainstream politicalculture, such as the core of democracy, freedom and the formationof the NewsThe four ideological creed of the media system: (1) the news mediato get rid of the interference from the outside, to get rid of from
advertisers and even to news media service for the realization of the "public's right toknow"; news media to explore true from the interference of thepublic;Management; news media to report the facts objectivelyand fairly
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In addition, the establishment of the editorial policy of the
U.S. news media also constrained by partisan interests -the dispute from the interests of the Liberal Party and the
Conservative Party: Liberal Party advocates under the
protection of the people enjoy the premise of democracy
and human rights, a relatively "tough" government moreawide range of social programs; conservative advocate of
laissez-faire, requires strict restrictions on the
Government's rights.Nevertheless, the news media in
the United States is very taboo in the actual operation
clearly showed itself tendentious, will think of ways toavoid contracting the partisan.
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China is a socialist country to the socialist public ownership of the
means of production is based. Therefore, China's news mediarepresentatives of the interests of the party and the people, is the
mouthpiece of the party and the government's eyes and ears, the
eyes and ears of the people mouthpiece.The basic characteristics
determines our news media under the guidance of the Party's basic
line must always put the social benefits first, dedicated service for
the masses, and promote modernization; media coverage must be
in strict accordance with the principle of party spirit. So, in our
country, the editorial policy of the media tend to be at the same time
take into account the needs of both: the needs of the party and the
government as well as the needs of the broad masses, but the
masses of the people as the news media's audience, is a complexcollection of media and negative mission to correctly guide the
reader.
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2.different news system mechanisms and
News legal system under the control of thepress
The news media have a good, appropriate, and effective regulatory
mechanism to alleviate social pressures, and a complete legalsystem specification enables information dissemination activity
becomes. Sino-US economic foundation of our political system,
news system, and they decided to have a considerable difference,
but the two countries have never given up control news
dissemination own country, even if based on objective, neutral flauntthe United States difficult to avoid. The control of the press is the
national, political parties and social groups by means of material
assets, policies and regulations mandatory for news dissemination
behavior management and restraint.
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U.S. news media taboo practice clear expression of their
own tendency to avoid contracting the partisan, objectiveand fair reporting news, comment as its own code ofconduct, however, theyBe able to use a variety of means to exert influence onthe news of the quantity, quality, flow, oriented sectors.In addition, Lee
Hay Group, advertisers, media industry organization fornews dissemination behavior also plays a certain role inregulating.U.S. government for its massive public informationnetwork, and strong financial resources, to effectively
control the entirePublic Information of the United States, control of thenews media "carrot and stick" means.
3 Revelation 20101681
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3. Revelation 20101681
From the comparison of the major news
and events reported by Chinese and
Western mainstream media
In recent years, Chinese media has made
certain progress in all respects, but
compared with the Western media, there
are still many deficiencies and there is alot to learn.
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The reported horizontal (two points)
First of all, our media should have aconcept of international perspective, andwe should be reported as its ownresponsibilities rather than tasks.
Second, China's media should improve the
business level of the major news andevents reports. Which is subdivided intothree points.
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1)Pursuit the timeliness of the news, while
focusing on reported quality;
2)Varieties of media such as radio, television,
newspapers, Internet etc. should co-operationand complementarity;
3)Emphasis on the humane care, to show media
humane with civilian perspective.
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Reported quality (five points)
1)Establish and improve the medias
contingency plans mechanisms, wiping reported
blind spots 2)Grasp the authenticity and objectivity of the
news, and correct guidance of public opinion
3)In the reported we could use suspense toattract readers and impress readers
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4)Use a balanced approach to report, and
reflect the complete picture of facts accurately
5)Accurately grasp the humane care, reflecting
the respect for life and human
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There are much that Chinese media
should learn from Western mediaand Ibelieve Chinese media would make great
progress and get better after soon.
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