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W ld H it Ed ti World Heritage Education and Sustainable Tourism in Indonesia

Masanori Nagaoka

Head of Culture Unite

UNESCO Office, Jakarta

27 April, 2011

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1. Young People’s participation in World Heritage Education

2. World Heritage and Sustainable Tourism in Indonesia

2. Community Involvement in Heritage Conservation Program

1. Young People’s participation in World Heritage Education

World Heritage Convention Article 27

1. The States Parties to this Convention shallendeavour by all appropriate means and inendeavour by all appropriate means, and inparticular by educational and informationprogrammes, to strengthen appreciation and respectb th i l f th lt l d t lby their peoples of the cultural and naturalheritage defined in Articles 1 and 2 of theConvention.

2. They shall undertake to keep the public broadlyinformed of the dangers threatening this heritageand of activities carried on in pursuance of thisConvention.

World Heritage Education World Heritage Education Programme

Objectives:

• Provide young people with the necessary knowledge, skills and commitment to become involved in the protection of cultural and natural heritage

• Foster an inter‐cultural dialogue among young people on how to become involved in heritage conservation

• Promote new synergy between educators, decision makers, heritage experts and other partners

Patrimonito

The character of Patrimonito was created Patrimonito was created ‐designed on the basis of the World Heritage Emblem by a group of Spanishby a group of Spanish‐speaking students.

Patrimonito means “small Patrimonito means small heritage helper” in Spanish and represents a young heritage guardian young heritage guardian

Patrimonito has since then been widely adopted then been widely adopted as the international mascot of the Project.

World Heritage Education ProgrammeWorld Heritage Education Programme

Key projects

Youth forums at regional and international levelg

World Heritage in Young Hands (WHYH) Kit for educators

Training workshops at regional and international level

Skills‐development courses for young people

Multimedia educational resource materials

World Heritage VolunteersWorld Heritage Volunteers

Municipal‐led projects on World Heritage education

World Heritage Youth Forum

The first international World Heritage Youth Forum was held in Norway in 1995 Forum was held in Norway in 1995.

2nd Ibero Americano World Heritage Youth Forum (June 2010 )

Brasilia Youth Forum in conjunction with the 34th session of the World Heritage Committee (July 2010)(July 2010)

South East Europe (SEE) World Heritage Youth Forum: Role of World Heritage education in the d l l ( )dialogue among cultures (May 2011)

3rd IberoAmerican WH Youth Forum, Alamaden Spain (June/July 2011)Alamaden, Spain (June/July 2011)

WH Youth Forum, Manama, Bahrain, in conjunction with the 35th session of the World

i C i ( )Heritage Committee (01-21 June 2011)

Workshop “Seeing with young eyes”, January 2006 in Penang, Malaysia

1st World Heritage Education Sub‐regional Workshop in Francophone West Africa (Abomey, Benin, 19‐23 February 2007) p ( y, , y )

Skills Development Training on preventive and curative conservation

WHYH Kit 32 language versionsEnglish (1998) French (1999) Spanish (1999; 2006)Spa s ( 999; 006)Arabic (2000; 2003; 2009) Chinese (1998) Russian (2000) Amharic (translated 2009; for publication)publication)Armenian (2002) Finnish (2002) Georgian (2001) German (2003) Hi di (2004) Hindi (2004) Hungarian (2006) Indonesian (2001) Italian (2002) * also in video (2002)

( )Japanese (2000) Khmer (2005) Kiswahili (2004) Korean (DPRK, 2003) Korean (ROK, 2007) Laotian (2001) Latvian (2006) Lithuanian (2004) Mongolian (2004) Pilipino (2004 CD-Rom)Pilipino (2004 CD Rom)Portuguese (translated 2009; for publication)Slovak (2002) Swedish (2003) Turkish (2002)Turkish (2002)Urdu (2003) Uzbek (2001) Vietnamese (2001)

World Heritage in Young Hands

an interactive educational kit (DVD format)

(pilot version)

World Heritage Education on‐line

http://whc.unesco.org/en/wheducation

2. World Heritage and Sustainable Tourism in Indonesia

World Heritage and Sustainable Tourism in Indonesia

Definition of Sustainable Tourism:

"Sustainable tourism development meets Sustainable tourism development meets the needs of present tourists and host regions

while protecting and enhancing opportunity for the future.

It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way

that economic social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled that economic, social, and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity,

essential ecological processes, biological diversity,

and life support system."

Inscription of the Borobudur Temple Compounds

W ld H it Li t (1991)on World Heritage List (1991)

Criteria for inclusion on the World Heritage List

1. Represents a masterpiece of human creative genius;

2. Exhibits an important interchange of human valuesover a span of time or within a cultural area of theworld, on developments of architecture or technology,, p gy,monumental arts, town‐planning or landscape design;

3. Directly or tangibly associated with events or livingtraditions, with ideas or beliefs, and with artisticand literary works of outstanding universalsignificance.

Borobudur Temple Compounds

Borobudur cannot be seen as a monument isolated from its context

Outstanding Universal Value of Borobudur depends on the t di l ti hi b t th t d it ttiextraordinary relationship between the monument and its setting.

However the setting is at risk!

The protection of the setting is crucial not only for the preservation of the Outstanding Universal Value of the WH property preservation of the Outstanding Universal Value of the WH property, but also for the long‐term sustainable development of the local community.

Development of the Borobudur area should be built upon the exceptional significance of the heritage and invest in maintaining p g g a ta gthe highest possible quality of environment as its specific and unique character and an asset for the future generations.

Challenges

State of Conservation Issues – stone deterioration due to weathering, scaling, salt and algae formation etc., over‐cleaning and micro climate change.

Site Management Issues – separation of the site into zones, management of different zones, steering committee etc.

T i M t I f Tourism Management Issues – narrow focus on significance,

Communication of Significance on site Communication of Significance – on site visitor interpretation, authenticity of the spiritual message of Borobudur.

Issues on coordination among the various institutions in the tourism management ‐weakness of mechanisms to ensure information weakness of mechanisms to ensure information sharing and common vision.

Stone deterioration due to over-cleaning and micro climate change

Present and future challenges

Stone deterioration due to over cleaning and micro climate change


Human pressure


Lack of proper visitor management

- Uncontrolled tourism and visitors flowUncontrolled tourism and visitors flow

- Littering, vandalism and destruction of cultural heritage objects


degradation mainly as a result of development pressure

(e.g., encroachment, vehicular traffic, infrastructure development)


degradation mainly as a result of development degradation mainly as a result of development pressure

Negligence of harmonized skyline

Urban expansion and growth environment pressures

e.g., deforestation, desertification, pollution,climate changeclimate change

Management Issues (1992 Presidential Decree)

Zone Responsible institute objectives

1 1)protection of archaeological environment

Archaeological templesMinistry of Culture and

Tourism 2) maintenance of physical state of the temple

2

Archaeological parkPT Taman Wisata

1)Tourism development

2)research activitiesArchaeological park 2)research activities

31)Areal development

3

outside of Zone 2Regional Government 2)conservation of agricultural

land, green zone, etc

3)Development Restriction for 3)Development Restriction for settlement

2006 UNESCO/ICOMOS Reactive Monitoring Mission Report

The division of the responsibility for zones 1, 2 and 3 among three separate institutions with different mandates and objectives is at the separate institutions with different mandates and objectives is at the root of most of the problems at Borobudur.

Decisions taken by each of these institutions, especially by PT Taman y , p y yWisata, are likely to impact on the zones under the responsibility of the other two institutions, in the absence of a common vision and clear mechanisms to coordinate.

The issues are that

1) these institutions do not coordinate enough among themselves, but that

) i i j i i f i i2) their respective objectives appear to be sometimes conflicting, and

3) no formal regulatory and planning framework exists to reconcile these diff t d t ithi i l d i i d lidifferent mandates within a single agreed vision and policy.

2009 Committee Decision; 33COM 7B. 74

3. Notes the State Party‘s efforts in revising the legal and institutional framework for the protection and management of the property and its surrounding area, and encourages it to continue the development g , g pof the new Presidential Decree and updated Master Plan;

5. Also requests the State Party to:a) Discontinue the practices that appear to have a negative impact on the stone of the Borobudur temple,b) Continue monitoring, research and testing activities, to find a substitute for the epoxy resin;

6. Also encourages the State Party to apply for International Assistance to develop a pilot project in order to formulate a protocol for the long‐term conservation of the stone;

7. Further requests the State Party to keep the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies informed of progress made in the implementation of paragraphs 3 4 and 5 aboveparagraphs 3, 4 and 5 above.

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Tourism Management (Recommendations of 2006 Reactive Monitoring Mission)

To develop tourism management mechanism by;To develop tourism management mechanism by;‐ establishment of proper tourism strategic plan and its execution,

To improve the Visitor Experience as they approach the site entry area To improve the Visitor Experience as they approach the site entry area by;‐establishment of introductory‐welcome signage and car parking area;‐upgrade café style facilities for visitors arriving by car,upgrade café style facilities for visitors arriving by car,

To improve the level of Visitor Interpretation‐ better WH values interpretation and site orientation material for pboth Indonesians and foreign visitor;‐information panels in Bahasa at intervals around the site entry area;‐ information about the wider cultural landscape, to encourage visitors p gto visit the wider region.

To raise awareness of other sites to spread tourism load‐ PR of the other sites, monuments, and craft villages in the vicinity in the Entry Ticket to the main Borobudur site;‐Develop promotional campaigns to raise public awareness of the larger cultural landscape;‐Encouragement to the local tourism providers to prepare small brochures or other promotional material.

3 C it I l t i H it C ti P 3. Community Involvement in Heritage Conservation Program

‐ Case Study in Borobudur after Mt. Merapi Eruption

Eruptions started 26 OctoberThe eruption in this photo is from 2 November, 2010

322 dead; 776 people injured;

136,585 displaced as of 23 November 2010Reported by the Indonesian National Disaster Management Agency

Economic impact: millions US$/day of lost tourist income

Emergency Response for Safeguarding Borobudur

Executing Agency: UNESCO Office, Jakarta

Fund Raising Partner: ‘Friends of Borobudur’ founded & Chaired by Mr. Warwick Purser, Honorary Consul of Mexico

Financial Support: International community and private sector

Implementing Partners:Implementing Partners:• The Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Indonesia • The Indonesian National Commission for UNESCO • PT. Taman Wisata Candi Borobudur, Prambanan & Ratu BokoPT. Taman Wisata Candi Borobudur, Prambanan & Ratu Boko• Local governments, Academic institutes, Local NGOs • International/national institutions/consultants • Local community Local community

Beneficiaries: Local community of the Magelang RegencyCentral Java, Government of Indonesia Central Java, Government of Indonesia

Starting Date: 6 December 2010

Overall GoalsOverall Goals

1) To fully rehabilitate the Borobudur Temple compounds

2) To enhance and promote the livelihoods of 2) To enhance and promote the livelihoods of affected local communities in the rehabilitation of the cultural & eco‐ tourism and creative industry sector in the region

Main Activities

Emergency Response

i ( )First Phase (December 2010 – May 2011)

1) Coordination of a task force team which consisting of the Indonesian Government Friends of Borobudur the PT Indonesian Government, Friends of Borobudur, the PT Taman, academic institutes, NGOs, international institutes, consultants and UNESCO

2) Execution of an emergency cleaning operation with full participation of the local community, notably cleaning of the surface of the stone monuments and the drainage systems related archaeological parks and surrounding systems, related archaeological parks and surrounding natural resources

3) Indigenous Tree Planting Event within the Borobudur 3) Indigenous Tree Planting Event within the Borobudur Temple Compounds on 17 February, 2011

4) Procurement of necessary equipment for cleaning the 4) Procurement of necessary equipment for cleaning the ash (brooms, dust pans, plastic sheets, vacuum cleaners, generators, etc)

Main Activities

Recovery Second Phase (February 2011‐ December 2011)

1) A joint scientific assessment mission to Borobudur with the 1) A joint scientific assessment mission to Borobudur with the National officials

and UNESCO international experts to execute in‐depth diagnostic analysis of

the current status of Borobudur and erosion of ash to the stone monuments,

and to identify comprehensive remedial conservation measures

2) Intensive in‐situ training for the designated officials of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in stone conservation techniquestechniques

3) Workshop concerning a Disaster Risk Management for the Borobudur World Heritage Site and the assessment of Culture and gEnvironment of the sites

4) Publication of Coffee Table Booklet, CLT map and DVD

5) Inauguration Ceremony of Official Re‐Opening of the Borobudur site

Main Activities

Livelihood Enhancement

Third Phase (March 2011– December 2012)

1) Community‐based Cultural Recourse Mapping in the region

2) Activities for the local community with respect to livelihood and income generation via the tourism industries and cultural industries such as;

C lt l t i t ‐ Cultural tourism management programmes‐ Training for Trainers for the Production of

Handcrafted Products in Areas Affected by the Mt. Merapi Eruption

‐ Further efforts to stimulate livelihoods of affected communities by re‐vamping the y p gcultural and eco tourism potential of the region and by creating greater involvement and opportunities for these affected and opportunities for these affected communities

Publicity on the Borobudur initiative

Thank youThank you

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