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Energy Sector

Siemens AG 2008

Energy Automation

Proper detection and

treatment of power swing

to reduce the risk of

Blackouts

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Basics

)sin(MLG

MG

XXX

VVP

++

=

!"G !"# !"$

%G

%A

%$

%B

Pma&

P

'0(0( 180(

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nfluence of !oltage angle

Pma&

P$*PG

P

'0(0( 180(

*60(

*120(

*180(

!"G !"# !"$

*60(

%G%A

%$%B

!"G !"# !"$

%G

%A %$%B

*120(

!"G !"# !"$

%G

"A#0

%$%B

*180(

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$ypical impedance tra%ectory

"

,

-* 0(/

-* 60(/

-* 120(/-* 180(/

* 60(

normal loa conition

* 120(

angerous or

istance 3rotection

* 180(

unsta4le 3o5er s5ing

out o ste3 tri33ing

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&e'uired characteristics for power swing detection

(o settingsare re7uire thus no com3le& calculation is neee.

9etection o 3o5er s5ing 5ith fre'uencies up to )0*+.

9etection o 3o5er s5ings that occur during single,pole open

conition an uring aults.

mmeiate un-locking of distance protectionon all :in o aults

occurring uring 3o5er s5ing.

;uic: etection o reappeared power swingater ault clearance.

.ut,of,step trippingin case o unsta4le 3o5er s5ing

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Principle of power swing detection

"

,

automatically siirst im3eance in 3o5er s5ing area?

algorithm starts to

analy

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/ain criteria for power swing detection

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monotony criterion

"

,

3o5er s5ing i

,1 an ,2an

"1 an "2

haCe same irection

3o5er s5ing i

,1an ,2or

"1an "2

haCe same irections

,1

"1

"2

,2

,1

"1"2

,2 ,1

"1"2

,2

no 3o5er s5ing i

,1an ,2an

"1an "2haCe

ierent irections

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continuity criterion

"

,

,

"

3o5er s5ing

i , or "

e&cee a threshol

no 3o5er s5ing

i , an " are

4elo5 the threshol

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smoothness criterion

"

,

3o5er s5ing i

,1 nearly ,2

an "1 nearly "2

no 3o5er s5ing i

,1strong Cary rom ,2

or

"1 strong Cary rom "2,1

"1

"2

,2

,1

"1

"2

,2

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Siemens AG 2008

f three machines oscillating against each other

"

,

m3eance tra@ectory

5ill not ollo5 a

3erect elli3tical 3ath

iicult to manage 5ith 4liners

easy to etect 5ith

criteria monotony

continuity an smoothness

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Siemens AG 2008

uick redetection of power swing after fault inception

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Siemens AG 2008

Secure power swing detection during open pole condition

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Siemens AG 2008

(ecessity of power swing detection1 eample

3,phase

fault

4) 42

4istri-ution network

43 45

$ransmission network

$rip$rip

$rip $rip

GBus-ar

)

Bus-ar

2

&elay 6

)D3haseDault initiates

a 3o5er s5ing in the

transmission net5or:

Po5er s5ing 4loc:ing

unction 3reCents the

istance relays 91 .. 9+ rom unselectiCe

tri33ing

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mpedance "ector for 4istance &elay 45

"

,

-one

7one 7)

7one 73

7one 72

Zoad

Z9ault

)D3hase reCerse ault?

m3eance Cector

@um3s to Z>ault

3o5er s5ing is initiate 4y

the reCerse ault?he im3eance moCes

on a circular tra@ectory

he 3o5er s5ing 4loc:ing

unction 3reCents an

unselectiCe tri3 4eore

the im3eance Cector

enters the tri33ing

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&otor angle and impedance tra%ectories for sta-le

and unsta-le power swing

istinguish 4et5een sta4le an unsta4le

3o5er s5ing

ri3 only or

unsta4le out o ste3

conition

strong net5or:? tri3

as ast as 3ossi4le

5ea: net5or:? :ee3

the line in serCice

as long as 3ossi4le

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Basic signals for out of step detection

2)

+

"

,

F

1

1. 3o5er s5ing etecte

2. im3eance in out o

ste3 area etecte

). im3eance crosses

the line angle rom

the right sie

+. im3eance leaCes

3o5er s5ing area

at o33osite sie ater

com3lete crossing. im3eance crosses

the line angle rom

the let sie

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special out of step tripping logic

ri3 i the im3eance crosses the line angle ) times insie the

3reeine area

niCiual out o ste3 tri3 4y logical com4ination o 4asic signals

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special out of step tripping scheme

6. ri3 i the im3eance

crosses the line angle

) times insie the

3reeine area

. no tri3 i the im3eance crosses

the line angle outsie

the 3reeine

out o ste3 area

out o ste3 3rotection

4ecomes a selectiCe

unction

"

,

F

6

ri3

o ri3

Hut o ste3 area

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conclusion

istance 3rotection or selectiCe clearing o aults in the 3rotecte

or the 3rotection o the transmission systems o the uture 5erecommen a strong coorination o 3o5er s5ing etection istance

3rotection an out o ste3 3rotection.

his metho successully use in Ia