Power PresentationsCHAPTER 16

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Citizenship

The date is April 12, 1861. You and other residents of Charleston, South Carolina, watch the bombardment of Fort Sumter by Confederate forces. This event signals the beginning of the Civil War—a war between factions or regions of the same country.

How might a civil war be worse than other wars?

• What sort of physical destruction might take place in a civil war?

• What social, political, and economic trouble might be likely to occur in a civil war?

• What might happen when a civil war breaks out?

To WorldSeptember 17, 1862 Battle of Antietam

(Sharpsburg) occurs.

April 25, 1862 New Orleans falls to Union forces.

April 6, 1862 Battle of Shiloh takes place.

March 9, 1862 The warships Monitor and Merrimack (orVirginia) clash.

July 21, 1861 First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) occurs.

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April 12, 1861 Confederate forces fire on Fort Sumter.

March 4, 1861 Abraham Lincoln inaugurated as president.

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September, 1862 Bismarck becomes prime minister of Prussia.

June 25, 1862 Imperial decree expels foreigners from Japan.

May 5, 1862 French troops are defeated at Puebla, Mexico.

April 13, 1862 France annexes Cochin China (southern Vietnam).

May 13, 1861 Britain declares neutrality in American Civil War.

March, 1861 Italy unified under King Victor Emmanuel II.

Main Idea

Why It Matters Now

The nation’s identity was in part forged by the Civil War.

The secession of the Southern states quickly led to armed conflict between the North and the South.

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What were some similarities and differences between the North and the South?

North

More manpower

85 percent of nation’s factories

Double the railroad mileage

Almost all naval power and shipyards

Both

Believed in what they were

fighting for

Many eager volunteers

Public support for the war

South

First-rate generals

Defending the homeland

King Cotton

• How did citizens in the North and the South respond to the outbreak of the Civil War?

• Why were the border states important to both sides in the Civil War?

• What kind of military strategy did each side develop?

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Comparing

How was the South’s situation in the Civil War similar to the situation of the Patriots in the Revolutionary War?

Think About

• their reasons for fighting

• their opponents’ strengths

Main Idea

Why It Matters Now

Both Union and Confederate soldiers endured many hardships serving in the army during the Civil War.

The hardships endured led to long-lasting bitterness on both sides.

What were some of the characteristics of a typical Civil War soldier?

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Age

THE TYPICAL CIVIL WAR SOLDIER

Occupation

Training

Hardships

Between 18 and 30

Farmer

Many long daily drill sessions

Inadequate food and clothing, crude shelters, dirty camps that stank, poor personal hygiene, chronic sickness, poor medical treatment

• How were the wartime experiences of Northern and Southern soldiers alike?

• What factors contributed to the spread of disease among soldiers?

• How did the use of the rifle and minié ball change combat tactics in the Civil War?

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Forming and Supporting Opinions

What were the motives that led individual soldiers to fight in the Civil War?

Think About

• the multiple reasons that people had for enlisting

• what you consider valid reasons for fighting

Main Idea

Why It Matters Now

In the first two years of the war, neither side gained a decisive victory over the other.

A long war can cause much death and destruction and leave a bitter legacy.

1863

What key events of the Civil War occurred between 1860 and 1863?

September 17, 1862 Battle of Antietam

June 25 to July 1, 1862 Seven Days’ Battles

April 25, 1862 Fall of New Orleans

April 6, 1862 Battle of Shiloh

ImageFebruary 1862 Capture of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson

1860

• Why were Union victories in the West and the fall of New Orleans significant to the Union cause?

• Why did Lee go on the offensive against the North?

• How did the South’s fortunes change after Lee took command of the Army of Northern Virginia?

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Making Inferences

What does Lee’s invasion of the North suggest about his qualities as a general and a leader?

Think About

• Lee’s military skills and style

• the North’s resources

REVIEW QUESTIONS

ANSWERS: READ AND TAKE NOTES

1 How and when did the Civil War start?

2 What advantages did the North have at the beginning of the war?

3 What were the war strategies of the two sides?

4 What was the typical Civil War soldier like?

5 Why did so many people volunteer to fight in the Civil War?

6 Why was the incidence of disease so high among Civil War soldiers?

7 How did the use of rifles and minié balls change war tactics?

8 What goal of the Union strategy did Grant further, and how did he do it?

9 Why did the North have such a hard time capturing Richmond, Virginia?

10 How did Lee’s appointment to head the Army of Northern Virginia affect the course of the war?

SOUTHNORTH

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Reasons for fighting

Advantages

Disadvantages

Military strategy

Battle victories

to preserve Union

greater manpower and resources

hard to carry battle to enemy

surrounding and overwhelming the South

Shiloh, Antietam

to defend homeland

fighting on their own territory

fewer resources and soldiers

holding out until North grew weary

Bull Run, Seven Days’ Battles

Comparing and Contrasting

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