post-tsunami, llico, chile. envisioning the post-earthquake and ………………… (2010)

7/31/2019 Post-Tsunami, Llico, Chile. Envisioning the post-earthquake and (2010)

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Post-TsunamiLlico,ChileEnvisioning the post-earthquake and post-tsunami reconstruction of the Town of Llico,Bio-Bio Region, Chile.Arc 5340 | Design 7 | Summer 2010 | School of Architecture Florida International University


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Envisioning the post-earthquake andpost-tsunami reconstruction of the

Town of Llico, Bio-Bio Region, Chile.


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ARC 5340 Design 7

Summer 2010

Credits: 6

Time: Tuesdays and Thursdays 2:00-6:00

Location: Second Floor Studios, PCASchool of Architecture

College of Architecture + Arts

Florida International University

Miami Florida

Instructor

Alfredo Andia, Florida International University

Design Critics

Sergio Baeriswyl, Head of the Commission for Reconstruction of the Coastal Border, Intendencia del Bio Bio, Chile

Mauricio Gonzalez, Florida International University

Editors

Lucille Malacouti

Daniela Motta

Participants

Johana Bohorquez

Kevin Gurley

Joseph Kim

Monica Mamani

Lucille Malacouti

Daniela MottaRelvy Moronta

Andrea Preciado

Class conducted during Summer semester occurring from May 4, 2010 through August 5, 2010 at Florida International University, School of Architecture, Paul L.

Cejas School of Architecture Building 272, University Park Campus, 11200 SW 8th Street Miami, FL 33199 T 305-348-6181 F 305-348-2650 [email protected]

http://soa.u.edu/


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Table of contents

General Information 6

Case Studies 18

Lucille Malacouti 31

Daniela Motta 43

Johana Bohorquez 53

Relvy Moronta 65

Joseph Kim 75

Andrea Preciado- Reynoso 87

Monica Mamani 99

Kevin Gurley 111


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4Location map. Llico, Bio Bio Region, Chile

Source: Goggle maps


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5NOAA tsunami travel time map for the Feb. 27, 2010 8.8 earthquake in Chile.

Source: US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and atmospheric administration

Tsunami height along the coast of the Bio Bio region and

the Llico-Arauco Bay: Tohoku tsunami model.

Source: Shunichi Koshimura and Fumihiko Imamura.

Modeling the Tsunami of 27 February 2010 in ChilePreliminary Results. Disaster Control Research, GraduateSchool of Engineering, Tohoku University


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IntroductionGeneral Information

LLICO RECONSTRUCTION STUDIO

Alfredo Andia

February 27, 2010

On February 27, 2010, at 3:34 AM the Bio Bio region in the South of Chile was the epicentre of an 8.8 Richter

scale earthquake, the fth most powerful ever recorded. The earthquake set off tsunami waves that by 8 AM that day had

swamped the shores of the South of Chile destroying many coastal towns before moving across the Pacic.

Studio

Our studio engaged in the reconstruction effort of the community of Llico in the Bio Bio Region. Llico is located

approximately 80 miles south form the epicentre of the earthquake. It is a small coastal town whose inhabitants live

primarily from small scale shing. The town of Llico had a population of 792 inhabitants. It is estimated that approximately

157 houses of the 321 were impacted by the Tsunami.

This studio in the rst part of the semester analyzed the existing conditions, examined potential sites forreconstruction, and investigated an array of existing solutions for social housing in Chile. The studio worked closely with

the Reconstruction Ofce of the Bio Bio Region, and consultants. The design work of the studio included several schematic

Master Plan alternatives that could aid in the creation of a clear identity for the town. We developed several mitigation

plan alternatives against Tsunamis. And we evaluated the development of areas for local tourism related to shing and

beach activities.


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7

Social Housing in Chile

The contemporary standards of social housing in Chile are the result of more than sixty year experience on the

subject. In the 1950s Chile was one of the pioneering countries that introduced concepts of progressive housing solutions

such as: site and services, and self-help housing. By the late-seventies and early 1980s, progressive housing for the lowest

income earners were introduced into national programs where the applicant had to apply for governmental subsidy. Some

of these plans were used to transform precarious neighbourhoods by integrating the self-help construction capabilities ofslum dwellers to basic urbanization and sanitation infrastructure. The Site and Service program called casetas sanitarias

was popularized during that period. Dwellers were given a plot of land averaging an area of 100 square meters connected

to sewage and water systems. Each lot included a reinforced-brick sanitary unit of 6.75 square meters, which contained a

bathroom and a kitchen area. In a second phase, each family constructed a temporary structure which later is replaced by

a more denitive solution as the dwellers accumulate materials and savings.

In the early 1980s with the implementation of programs such as Mejoramiento de Barrio (PMB) the discourse

of progressive social housing began to shift. It began to favor more governmental intervention until the housing solutionssurpass the 30-40 m2 (300 to 400 sf). Since the mid-1980s the Chilean economy grew consistently. Today the per capita

income in Chile is around US$15,000, making it one of the highest in Latin America. More than two decades of economic

growth had an effect in social housing policy. The governmental discourse began to focus more intensely into subsidy

programs that improved the standards of social housing. With the years, more and more houses produced under programs

such as Vivienda Social Dinmica sin Deuda (VSDsD) and Fondos Concursables para Proyectos Solidarios (FCVS) included

at least two bedrooms, living room, dinning room, a kitchen, and a bathroom. An increasing number of these projects also

gave its dwellers the construction drawings and approved permits for a second phase. By 2009, the average area of the

rst phase of the houses provided by the FCVS program was 45,1 m2 (451 sf). In order to save in land, foundations, and

roof materials, most of these projects began to standardize the design principles of the house. These houses are usually

two story oors high and the street side of the lots usually is 6 mt wide.


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8

HousingStandards

The most important effort in the second part of the studio was dedicated to envision several design alternatives

for 60 new houses and a neighbourhood for tsunami affected families. This book is dedicated to document the housing

alternatives for these neighbourhoods. The design of the houses is inserted into the contemporary discourse of social

housing in Chile

We used the minimum standards for social housing by the Ministry of Housing in Chile. The houses typically are of 450sf (45 m2) and could be enlarged to 600 sf to 700 sf (60 m2 to 70 m2). The standard plot for this type of housing does

not exceed 1500 sf (150 m2), and typical ly the dimension for the front of the house is 6 mt. (Approximately 6 yards). The

budget for the construction of the family dwelling is very stringent. Typically the cost of building the house it should not

cost more than US$11,000 to $15,000 and the cost of urbanization should not exceed the $4,000.

Thermaltransmittanceandresistance

The requirements for enclosures for housing elements contained in the thermal regulation O.G.U.C., article

4.1.10, requires that the house components have a thermal transmittance U of equal or less than the following: Roof:

0.38 W/m2K; Perimeter Walls 1.7 W/m2K; and Floor 0.60 W/m2K. Or a total thermal resistance Rt equal or superior to:

Roof: 2,63 m2K/W; Perimeter Walls 0.59 m2K/W; and Floor 1.67 m2K/W.

The proposals in this studio utilized industrialized SIP panels or a protected quincha method (wattle and daub) over a

reinforced wood frame structure. Students are asked to consider solar radiation to reduce the energy consumption of

lighting and heating. Since an important energy loss escapes through the soil the housing proposals sit on concrete stilt

foundations generating an airy mezzanine which is insulated from the house.

Normative standards for the program of Dynamic Social Housing without Debt (Viviendas Sociales Dinmicas Sin Deuda: VSVsD) by the Ministry of Housing and

Urbanism, Chile.

Source: Ministry of Housing and Urbanism, Division Housing Policy, Department of Housing, Government of Chile.


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9

Climaticconditions

According to the Chilean Norm NCH.1079 this region is classied as SL Zone (Sur Litoral). This zone is characterized

with saline soil, humid environment, temperature variations from temperate to cold, strong winds from the west, rainy

maritime climate, and long winters. The annual rainfall surpasses the 1330 mm. The maximum temperature usually

doesnt surpass the 22 C.

Tsunamimitigation

Tsunamis are a low-probability but one of the most highly destructive natural disaster. After the 2004 Indonesian

Tsunami much attention has been placed on this phenomenon. However most of the effort has been placed in developing

warning systems and evacuation plans. There is worldwide very limited experience in design and planning against

Tsunamis.

The earthquake of February 27, 2010, lifted instantly the town of Llico approximately 2 mt. (2 yards) above the sea level.

The epicentre of this earthquake, 83 Miles (135 km) directly north, presented one of the worst scenarios for a near-shore

Tsunami for the town of Llico.

The Tsunami inundated all the areas of the town which were below the 7 mt. above the sea level. The Tsunami mitigation

strategy for reconstruction chosen is not to rebuild above the 7 mt. mark. The sites chosen in the studio recongure the

ground to reach the 7 mt. mark. The stilt foundations give an extra height above that mark. The designs also assume asignicant buffer zone with which the town will be protected with a barrier of native trees that would dissipate the force

of the tsunami waves.

Hope

In the past 5 years the small town of Llico had began to consolidate several important projects in artisans shery,

gastronomy, and small tourism. The tsunami not only took away the boats and the houses of the shermen but also anincipient infrastructure from which its inhabitants hoped to grow into next decade.

Llico was also affected by the Tsunami that followed the 9.5 earthquake in 1960, the most powerful earthquake ever

recorded and that devastated many coastal towns in the south of Chile. The difference between the 1960 disaster in

Chile and the current one is the shear number of the population affected. There are more than 1.5 million people directly

affected by the earthquake, more than 350,000 houses that have to be repaired or completely replaced.

Of all the coastal communities affected by the 2010 Earthquake and Tsunami, Llico is the farthest away. The future of this

town will be a mark of how far the reconstruction of the 2010 earthquake has reached.


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10

Before


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After


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Inundation Area

Source: INE,Instituto Nacional de Es tadisticas, March 2010

LLICO TSUNAMI PICT. Satellite picture of Llico at

11:38 AM February 27th taken by astronaut Soichi

Noguchi aboard the International Space Station.

Eight hours after the earthquake. See the black/

gray rocks/sand areas that shows a new coastlineas the earth in this area was raised 2 mt at the

time of the earthquake. The image clearly shows

the inundation of the tsunami.


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Llico AreaTsunami Flood Zone

Analysis of site alternatives for the reconstruction of 60 houses


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Analysis of site alternatives for the reconstruction of 60 houses.

We evaluated 8 planning alternatives for the location of the 60 houses to be build in

Llico. The evaluation criteria of the planning alternatives for the reconstruction were

based on the following principles:

1. To preserve the reconstruction area from future Tsunamis and Earthquakes

2. To promote an idea of architectural identity and the consolidation of the town

3. To promote a sustainable reconstruction of the town

The analysis developed in the studio was not able to consider issues such as, soil

condition, environmental impact, land ownership, and infrastructural needs. The initial

observations directed us to conclude that it was advisable to reconstruct the housing

above the 7 mt. contour line. The main arguments supporting this conclusion were:

1. The tsunami of Feb. 27, 2010, inundated the town up to approximately the 7 mt

contour line.

2. The town has a previous history of being hit by near-shore Tsunami following majorearthquakes in the South of Chile. Further geological studies will help determine the

100 or 200 year inundation line.

3. The town needs to develop a defence of native trees to dissipate the force of the

tsunami.

4. The town needs to retreat from the sea and have a penalty area to absorb the force

of the Tsunami. A similar strategy was followed by the town of Arauco .

Given these observations we evaluated the following 8 alternatives:

Alternative 1: West Foothills

In this location the reconstructed houses could be placed at above the 8 or 9 mt above

the sea level. The area would need low to moderate civil work to level the ground

and reconstruct partially the road that connects Llico with Lavapie. The site has very

good views to the Bay of Llico and has the potential to redene the connection of its

inhabitants with the Ocean.

The major disadvantages of this site are its isolation and its sunlight orientation. It

is completely disconnected to the civic center of the town where the school is locatedand signicantly detached to the shing pier were the work and visitors to the town

congregate.

Alternative 2: Hill Village

This scheme explores raising an 8 mt high articial-hill in front of the sea and above

the traditional pier area where the shing activities concentrate. The idea is to create

a very high density cluster of houses that relates to the shing destination of the

village.The major disadvantage of this alternative is the signicant cost of the coastal defence

and site work needed to effectively mitigate a tsunami.

Alternative 3: East Foothills

This proposal creates a shing village at around 8-to-10 mt high overlooking the Bay of

Llico. Depending on the soil studies we adventure we assume that this proposal would

need only moderate cutting and lling site work. The advantages of this alternative

are the direct connection the site has with the sea and shing activities, the good sun-

light conditions, and also the tsunami mitigation strategy. This option also considers

moving the shing activities to the east estuary, protecting it, and further developingthe spatial connection with the hill.

The disadvantage of this proposal is that the connection with the civic center of the

town is difcult to accomplish, breaking the town in two.

Alternative 4: Road to Lavapie

This alternative raises the land to 7 mt. and places the housing next to the Llico-Lava-

pie Road. The advantages of this proposal are the moderate site work required, con-

sidering that the road would have to re-build. The major disadvantage of this proposalis that it doesnt fully connect the new neighbourhood to the civic center of the town.

Alternative 5: Road to Arauco

This planning alternative follows the same principles of moderately raising the land

and Road to 7 mt as alternative 4 but this time next to the Llico-Arauco Road. The

advantages are that the site work is not signicantly large and that has the potential to

connect well with the old civic center of the town of Llico. This proposal connects well

to the old road junction and reinforces the east side of the main road that enters into

the old part of the town.

Alternatives 6 and 7: South of Llico

These two alternatives could become the most logical areas for future development

from a practical standpoint. The sites are well above the reach of the 2010 tsunami

and the sites might be easily assembled. However, the generation of a neighbourhood

in any of these two sectors would marginalize the residences into a typical peripheral

social housing solution. These alternatives would not contribute much to the identity

of Llico and would relegate the potential tourist attraction offer of the zone.

Alternative 8: Canal

This scheme brings together the two estuaries that pass through the village of Llico.

It creates a shing village around a canal that could diffuse some of the direct impacts

that future tsunamis could have on the shermen infrastructure. Among the benets

of the proposal are that could bring the shing activates closer to the old neighbour-

hoods of Llico that was not destroyed by the Tsunami. The scheme requires signicant

infrastructure work and needs to be studied further to evaluate its feasibility.


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lico, Chile

1

4

2

5

6

7

3

8

17

C S d


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Case Studies

Comite Vida Nueva de Amargos

1. Location: Region de los Rios, Chile

2. Total area of house: 40.00M2

3.Cost:25 Uf /M2

5

.7371

7.

8515

3.

3274

3.

7871

4.

3228

1.

4143

1.

5073

7.

3417

1.

2137

2.

8176

1st Floor

6.

8265

4.

4015

4.

1392

1.

4450

6.

1280

1.

4296

2nd Floor

Elevation

CASA CUADRA


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CASA CUADRA

Cross Section

Phase 2Phase 1

1st Floor

2nd Floor

1st Floor

2nd Floor

Casa Piel


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Casa Piel

1. Location: El Valle (Comuna de La Florida) y Las Higueras (Comuna de Pealolen), Chile

2. Total area of house: 46 M2 (rst phase) 55 M2 (second phase)

Cross Section Longitudinal Section

3.06 3.06

3.04 3.06

0.80 2.10

3.

17

5

.07

1.

44

EDCBA

EDCBA

EDCBA

6

5

4

3

2

1

EDCBA

3.06 3.06

8.

51

1st Floor 2nd Floor

Two Rural Housing in Bollenar


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g

1. Location: Melipilla, Chile


Casa Chubi

1. Location: El Valle (Comuna de La Florida) y Las Higueras (Comuna de Pealolen), Chile


3. Cost: 14 uf /m2

1st Floor

9.

14

1.

02

5.

93

5.492.253.24

2.1

8

Cross Section

C

B

1 2 3

5.93

0.79 0.98

0.790.30 0.62

10.

70

3.

00

C

B

A

1 2 3

3.

03

3.

00

2.96 2.96

5.93

6.

02

2.18

1st Floor 2nd Floor

6.

06

3.

45

4.

95

Elevation

Conjunto Habitacional Santa Clara


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1. Location: Region Valparaiso, Chile

ESTAR-COMEDOR

COCINA

DORMITORIO3

CBA

3

2

1

5.86

3.83

6.45

3.49

2.160.832.86

DORMITORIO2

D

ORMITORIO1

C

LOSET

CLOSET

CLOSET

CBA

3

2

1

6.50

3.58

5.86

2.65

2.76 2.160.96

Cross Section1st Floor 2nd Floor

Elemental Renca

1. Location: Renca, Santiago, Chile

11.26

7.08

5.14

3.42

1st Floor

Cross Section

Elemental Quinta Monroy


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1. Location: Iquique, Chile

2. Cost: US$7,500 per house

6.64

19.

69

3.

12

2.

27

1.

41

Cross Section

1st Floor

Conjunto Newen Ruka

1 L i R i d V l i Chil


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Metalcon Emergency Housing

1. Location: Chile

2. Total area of house: 18-54M2

B CA

1

2

2.96

1.81 1. 20 1.00 1.11

5.91

1.17

1.00

1.56

1.00

1.17

1.00

0.84

0.60

0.37

0.70

0.78

B C

1

2

5.90

1.1

6

1.00

3.73

2.94

1 .1 5 1 .0 0 0 .7 9

2.94

1.29

0.65

3.24

2.

29 3

.01

Cross Section

1st Floor 2nd Floor

1. Location: Region de Valparaiso, Chile


Cross Section

COCINA

COMEDOR

DORMITORIO 1

DORMITORIO 2

CLOSET

1 2 3 4

3.40

9.84

5.47

4.76

2.81

C

B

A

4.63

C

1

2

BA

3.32

4.12

2.41

2.15

1.84

1st Floor 2nd Floor

Las Golondrinas de La Costa

1 Location Region de La Araucania Chile


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La Palmilla - Comite Vida Nueva De Amargos1. Location: Palmilla, Chile


3. Cost: 352,5 Uf

1. Location: Region de La Araucania, Chile


3. Cost: 290 Uf

A

B

C

D

E

1 2 3

8.

06

3.

63

4.86

2.92

1.31

A

A

B

C

D

1 2 3

4.

42

2.

62

4.86

2.92

A

Cross Section

1st Floor 2nd Floor

8.

08

3.50

1st Floor

8.

08

3.50

8.

08

2nd Floor

CBA D

8.082.85 2.11

4.

50

3.

20

Elevation

Vivienda Minima en Covintec

Competition


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Competition

1. Location: Valparaiso, Chile

Longitudinal Section

F

E

D

C

B

A

1 32

A

11.

42

2.

01

2.

49

1.

67

2.

61

2.

64

1.4

1

A3.50

0.87

F

E

D

C

B

A

1 32

11.

42

2.

01

2.

49

1.

67

2.

61

2.

64

1st Floor 2nd Floor


Competition


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Competition


Cross Section

21

3.00

0.912.09

5.

10

4.

64


4.

64

2.

00

1.

30

1.

00

0.

34

6.80

2.154.65

CBA

1st Floor

C

C

A

1 2

2

.15

4.

65

6.

80

1.10 1.90

3.00

COMEDOR

COCINA

A

A

2nd Floor

1 2

2.

15

4.

65

6.

80

1.10 1.90

3.00

A

A


Competition


A

1

2

3

4

B C D E F

1st Floor

A

1

2

3

4

B C D E F

2nd Floor

Tarapaca House (1st Place)

1. Location: Tarapaca Region, Chile


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p g ,

2. Total area of house: 54M2

3. Cost: 3,613,234 Clp

San Carlos

1. Location: Comuna De Chonchi, Chile2. Total area of house: 42.00 M2

3. Cost: 420.5 Uf

14.97

8.79

3.26

6.85

3.44

.

5.06

.

3.25 6.89

.

Cross Section

1st Floor

Cross Section

A

A

B

C

D

1 2 3

1st Floor

Housing in Valparaiso, Covintec Competition



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158

300

300

1

2

3

4

157303

A B C

157303

A B C

158

300

300

1

2

3

4

1st Floor 2nd Floor

N-1.201PISO

N+1.202PISO

240

230

N+0.00-

5%

N-1.201PISO

N+1.202PISO

5%

240

230

N+0.00-



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LucilleMalacouti

EAST HILL: GAZES BETWEEN THE SHADOWS


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The master plan creates a cluster of houses that behave spatially like a constellation

in the east hill overlooking Llico. The location connects the new neighborhood to the

ocean, the valley, and the shing industry that will be located just below the mountain.

The proposal effectively protects the site against future tsunamis by building 10 meters

above the sea level. This new identity will critically enhance the affected area and

help rebuild tourism. The plan also contains an area for camping and future extension.

The individual houses proposed in this scheme emerge from a dense forest and are

designed to use the northern light as much as possible. The interior of the houses

are elongated, expanding into the forest. The entrance to the house consist of a long

ramp that leads one into the rst oor allowing one to experience the surrounding

landscape before entering the house, it provides a transitional space from the streetto the house. The houses consist of a lengthened kitchen space that provides a more

open oor plan, making the spaces longer. On the second oor the master bedroom is

also an elongated room that emerges from the dwelling into the forest.

Master Plan Aerial Perspective


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1

2

43

5

6

78

9

101112

13

14

15

16

17

18

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20

21

23

22

2425262728

29

3031

32

33

34

35

38

37

36

41

40

39

4445

43

42

4647

4849

5150

52

53

54

55

5657585960

61

62

63

Master Plan

2

1 30

1 1 2

1 30


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October 30 7:00 AM July 21 3:30 PM

First Floor Plan

Scale 1:40

A

B

C

D

3.20

9.60

3.20

3.20

3.20

1.30

7.50

N

A

B

C

D

3.20

9.60

3.20

3.20

4.66

1.30

7.53

UP

DOWN

Second Floor Plan

Scale 1:40

N

AB AB

First Floor Plan

Scale 1:100

Second Floor Plan

Scale 1:100

July 21 3:30 PM


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35 July 21 2:00 PM July 21 2:00 PM July 21 2:00 PM

West Elevation

Scale 1:100


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East Elevation

Scale 1:100


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North Elevation

South Elevation

Scale 1:100

North Elevation

Scale 1:100


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Section A

Scale 1:100

Section B

Scale 1:100


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December 21 1:00 PM

December 21 1:00 PM

Structural Axonometric


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Roof Structure

Second Floor Framing2x6

First Floor Framing

2x6

Polycarbonate Panels

Adobe Insutlation Layer

Wood Structure

2x4


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DanielaMotta

EAST HILL: THE PIVOT HOUSE

The aim of this proposal is to create a constellation of houses in the east hill that


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The aim of this proposal is to create a constellation of houses in the east hill that

can bring back the relationship that Llico has with the ocean and its rural hinterland.

This specic location gives the inhabitants the opportunity to encounter the radiant

sea, while protecting the area from future tsunamis as well as creating a place that

has its own independence and a connection with the existing town. The design ofthe houses is based on the idea of a pivot from which all spaces and circulation

diffuse. It centralizes and distributes the activities in three different levels: the

upper level where all the private areas are located, the intermediate space which

offers the possibility for vertical growth, and the lower level where the public

spaces can be found.

The house provides an opportunity to have a continuous circulation from the

entrance to the terrace offering an uninterrupted view to the exterior. Windows

of different sizes and shapes are placed throughout the house to take advantage

of the views and the surrounding landscape. Furthermore, different materials such

as polycarbonate, and corrugated metal panels of various bright colors are used

to give dynamism and brightness to the faade, which contrast with the light colors

of the inside.

Detail Master Plan

Master Plan


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Floor Plan 2

Scale: 1:100

Floor Plan 1

Scale: 1:100

Foundation Framing First Floor

Scale: 1:100

Foundation Framing Intermediate Floor

Scale: 1:100


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47Longitudinal Section B

Scale: 1:100

Longitudinal Section A

Scale: 1:100


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Exterior Perspectives


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Envelope

Second Level

Intermediate Level

First Level

Exploded Axonometric Sustainability Strategies


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The house is build using the traditional quincha method, which consist

of a wood frame that is insulated with mixture of mud and straw which is

protected from the rain with a layer of polycarbonate sheet, wood siding,

1. Polycarbonate

2.Corrugated Metal

3.Galvanized Tubes

4.Adobe Insulation Layer

6.Wood Frame Foundation Level 1

7.Wood Frame Foundation Intermediate Level

8.Wood Frame Level 2

9.Wood Roof Frame10. Corrugated Metal

Structural Axonometric

5.Wood Framing 1x1


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JohanaBohorquez

EAST HILLS: LIVING IN THE EXPANDING CUBES

This project intends to create a new community which pre-

serves the traditions and the lifestyle of the inhabitants of

Llico. The master plan locates the new neighborhood on

EAST HILLS: LIVING IN THE EXPANDING CUBES

This project intends to create a new community which preserves the traditions and the

lifestyle of the inhabitants of Llico. The master plan locates the new neighborhood on the


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p g

the east hill, 10mt. above the sea level. The site location

protects the dwellings from future tsunamis while directly

maintaining a visual connection to the ocean, shing activi-ties, and the existing town. The houses are made of wattle

and daub (adobe and straw embedded into an earthquake

proof wood frame) protected by corrugated polycarbon-

ate sheets. Reducing the cost and giving a high thermal

insulation value to the house. The houses divide the pri-

vate areas (lower level) from the public areas (upper level)

between a xed perfect square in the oor plan. The com-

pactness of the house in the rst level acts in contradictionto the expansion in the upper oor. The expansion of the

upper level allows for more social interaction and it cre-

ates an atmospheric connection with the exterior (sea and

mountains). The exterior facades reects the sunshine

and the sky manipulating the external appereance of the

house with its changing brightness. The houses shine in

the privacy of the hill as the light reects off the ocean or

as a constellation of stars lights the sky at night.

lifestyle of the inhabitants of Llico. The master plan locates the new neighborhood on the

east hill, 10mt. above the sea level. The site location protects the dwellings from future

tsunamis while directly maintaining a visual connection to the ocean, shing activities, and

the existing town. The houses made of wattle and daub (adobe and straw embedded intoan earthquake proof wood frame) protected by corrugated polycarbonate sheets. reducing

the cost and giving a high thermal insulation value to the house. The houses divide the pri-

vate areas (lower level) from the public areas (upper level) between a xed perfect square

in the oor plan. The compactness of the house in the rst level acts in contradition to the

explansion in the upper oor. The explansion of the upper level allows for more social

interaccion and it creates an atmospheric connection with the exterior (sea and mountains).

The exterior facades reect the sunshine and the sky manipulating the external appere -

ance of the house with its changing brightness. The houses shine in the privacy of the hill

as the light reects off the ocean or as a constellation of stars lights the sky at night.


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55

MASTER PLANPLACE MASTER PLAN

LIVINGROOM

KITCHEN

BATHROOM

BEDROOM1

MASTERBEDROOM

BEDROOM2

1

1 2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

MASTER PLAN


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HOUSE 3D RENDERS AND STREET VIE


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N

A

1 2 3 1 2 3

A

SECTION 2

SECTION2 SECTION2


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N

B

C

D

B

C

D

9:00AM 11:00AM

FLOOR PLAN LEVEL 1

SCALE 1:100

FLOOR PLAN LEVEL 2

SCALE 1:100

5.3M

5.3

M

FLOOR PLAN LEVEL 1

SCALE 1:100

FLOOR PLAN LEVEL 2

SCALE 1:100

5.3M 5.3M

5.3

M

5.3

M

0.7M 0.7M

SECTION 1 SECTION 1

9:00AM 11AM


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591:00PM 3:00PM 5:00PM

SECTION 1

SCALE 1:100

SECTION 2

SCALE 1:100

1:00PM 3:00PM 5:00PM

0.5M 0.5M

3M 3M


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LIVING ROOM

KITCHEN

BATHROOM

BEDROOM 1

MASTER

BEDROOM

BEDROOM 2

1

1 2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

EXPLOTED AXONOMETRIC

LIVING ROOM

KITCHEN

BATHROOM

BEDROOM 1

BEDROOM 2

MASTER

BEDROOM


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1

4

3

2

1. WOOD FRAMING

2. ADOBE

3. GALVANIZED TUBES

4. POLYCARBONATE PANELS

STRUCTURAL AXONOMETRIC

1. WOOD FRAMING

2. ADOBE

3. GALVANIZED TUBES

4. POLYCARBONATE PANELS

DECEMBER 21ST


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JUNE 21ST

9:00AM 3:00PM

9:00AM 3:00PM

3:00PM

3:00PM

PREVAILING WINDS

SOLAR DATA

Sunrise: 5:34AM

Sunset: 8:06PM

Azimuth: -73.06 Degrees

WEATHER DATA

Relative humidity: 77%

Wind Speed: 9mph

Dew point Temperature: 53 Degrees F

Dry bulb temperature: 61 Degrees F

SOLAR DATA

Sunrise: 8:09AM

Sunset: 5:38PM

Azimuth: -31.4 Degrees

WEATHER DATA

Relative humidity: 88%

Wind Speed: 7mph

Dew point Temperature: 45 Degrees FDry bulb temperature: 49 Degrees F

SUMMER WINTER

TEMPERATURE RANGE


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RelvyMoronta

FIELD HOUSES

This concept works with a new conguration of spaces in which public and private space mix with each other. Houses

are articulated to attack and retreat from public space. The conguration of the rst oor ows into the neighborhood

creating a more dynamic eld. The entrance of the house breaks the corner with a voids and angles invading the

street This creates a blurring of the elds of spatial ownership in the neighborhood The master plan breaks the


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street. This creates a blurring of the elds of spatial ownership in the neighborhood.The master plan breaks the

monotony of this type of public housing by positioning the dwellings in the front and in the back of each lot. This

way the houses gain more sun light and independence. The contrast of the black and white surfaces of the housesfurther destroy the typical minimal box that characterize social housing projects.


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N


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First Floor Plan

Scale 1:100

Fundation Plan

Scale 1:100

Second Floor Plan

Scale 1:100


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East Elevation

Scale 1:100

West ElevationScale 1:100

North Elevation

Scale 1:100

South ElevationScale 1:100

Second floor wall partition


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1.200 m x 2.400 mSip Panel

FloorSheating

9Structural Axonometric


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First floor wall partition

935 mm x 6.000 mZINC-ALUMAcanaladas de OndaESTNDAR


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JosephKim

RURAL FILTRATION

The reconstruction of Llico should be sustainable, constructed promptly, and resilient

to tsunamis. This proposal builds 60 homes at the entrance of the town on top of a

slightly raised ground that places the new reconstructed neighborhood 7 mt. above

the sea level. The master plan chooses to reinforce the towns core. The houses are


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76

Llico

Santiago

Chile

Street Plan

built with Structural Insulated Panels that would allow quick construction and highinsulation value. The north facing walls of the houses have Trombe walls that will aid

in increasing the interior temperature during the cold winters in this area. The houses

are raised on top of 1m piloti foundations insulating the house from the ground

temperatures and giving privacy by slightly detaching the dwellings from the street

level. Low cost wood sidings that will be recycled from the houses destroyed by the

tsunami will be applied in the exterior. As the new neighborhood ages and tree grows,

the layers of wood skin will create a vertical density that will resemble to that of a

forest, which will give to the streets of Llico a fresh warm feeling.


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77Master Plan


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A

1 2 3 1 2 3

B

A

B

105

120

105

100


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C

D

E

F

C

E

F

D600

120

120

135

630

116

164

144

585

300 285

585

300 285

1 2 3

A

B

C

D

E

1 2 3

A

B

C

D

E

630

105

100

280

144

630

105

100

280

144

585 585

300 285 300 285

Foundation Plan

2nd Floor Plan 01

1st Floor Plan

2nd Floor Plan 02

1 2 3 4 5

A

255


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B

C

1185

300 292 292 300

617

255

107

A

B

C

617

255

255

107

630

105 100 280 144

Front Elevation

Section A

Section B

1

2

1. Parapet

2. Roof Frame

3. 2nd Floor Frame

4. 1st Floor Frame

5. Foundation

6. Trombe Wall

7. Wood Siding

8. SIP


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3

4

5

6

8

7

8

7

Axonometric

Axonometric 1st Floor


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Axonometric 2nd Floor


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Sunlig

ht


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Radiation Heat from Walls

North

StreetTrombe WallTrombe Wall

July 2nd

April 2nd

January 2nd

South

30

50

80

Trombe Wall: Since Chile is located on southern hemisphere, the sun rises from North. In order to keep the Trombe wall functional, houses on

the north side of the street have different entrance point.

The 60 new houses are located in the residential area. Lot

size: 7.5m X 20m

Trombe Walls: Trombe walls have vents at the top and bottom of the walls. The vents are operable.

They are closed during the night at winter.

The houses are raised on top of 1m piloti foundations insulat-

ing the house from the ground temperatures and giving pri-

vacy by slightly detaching the dwellings from the street level.

1m


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AndreaPreciado-Reynoso

ZIGZAG CLUSTER CONNECTION

This scheme builds 60 reconstructed homes in the intersection of the roads to Arauco

and Lavapie. The proposal creates a new front to the city, 7 mt. above the sea level.

The geometry of the houses consists of two cubes covered with a black surface. The

architecture will allow for future expansion of the houses in the form of patches in

the existing building. These patches will mimic the rural cluster houses that grow in

any town when they are seen from the distance however the zigzagging black surface


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any town when they are seen from the distance, however the zigzagging black surface

that runs along the streets will keep a uniform connection between all the houses. The

black frontal surface is a trombe wall that always faces north and that collects the heat

from the sun to raise passively the interior temperature of the dwellings. The houses

will be build of SIP panels, except for the north-facing wattle and daub trombe walls.

PLACE MASTER PLAN


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90

House facing north for North Elevation

House facing south for South Elevation


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House 1


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92

House 1

Front elevation facing north

Scale 1:100

House 1

Section A

Scale 1:100

Scale 1:100 total= 46.26 sq mt

House 2


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93

House 2

front elevation facing north

Scale 1:100

House 2

section A

Scale 1:100

Scale 1:100 total= 50.8 sq mt

1.2192 sip panel

1.524 glass

Sub ooring:

Oriented

strand board 4x8

Space joints

1/8


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2x6

Wood joist

@ 60 cm O/C

Rim joist

White wood ooring

Sip panel

2 x 8

wood joist

@ 60 cm o/c

Wood frame for adobe

Adobe painted in black

1st house-1st oor Axonometric


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951st house- 2nd oor Axonometric

2x8

Wood joist

@ 60 cm o/c

Wood siding

White wood ooring

Adobe painted in black

Wood frame for adobe


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Wind rose


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MonicaMamani

RURAL CUBES

The aim of this proposal is to create new affordable houses for the town of Llico, Chile.

The scheme suggests the creation of a new interior neighborhood between the main

road and the civic areas of the town were the school is located. There are only two

types of very simple cube dwellings in the new neighborhood. However, the varia-

tions in size, location, and color of the residences play with the idea of disintegra-

tion in these traditionally monotonous developments. The house sits in a foundation

high above the ground indicating the wish to leave the house untouched for visual


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100

high above the ground indicating the wish to leave the house untouched for visual,

conceptual, and thermal reasons. The elevated cube is constructed using SIP panels.

The exterior is covered with corrugated metal siding, while the interior is purely white

and open. The shifting and rhythms maintain the simple geometry of the residences

but allows for new levels of privacy, views, and the sun to enter each building. The ori-

entation of the building allows for cross ventilation and specic neighborhood views.

The facades include different windows sizes and trombe walls. The rst windows aredependent on the preferred views while the trombe walls are placed according to the

sun path. The architecture becomes the basis for a larger cultural perspective on the

idea of the home, seclusion, and community.


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Llico, Chile Master Plan

OPTION 1: HOUSE TYPE A


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FIRST FLOOR PLAN HOUSE TYPE A

SCALE: 1:100

SECOND FLOOR PLAN HOUSE TYPE A

SCALE 1:100


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FRONT ELEVATION HOUSE TYPE A

SCALE: 1:100LONGITUDINAL SECTION AA HOUSE TYPE A

SCALE 1:100


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1.Corrugated Metal2.Wood Roof Framing 38X140mm (2X6)3. Floor Sheating4. Wood Framing Second Level5. Floor Sheating

6.Wood Framing First Level 38X140mm (2X6)

7. Footing Foundation

8. Sip Panel

9. Internit 6Mm

10. Corrugated Metal Siding

House Type A Axonometric Legend


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107

1.Corrugated Metal

2.Wood Roof Framing 38X140 Mm (2X6)

3. Floor Sheating

4. Wood Framing Third Level

5. Floor Sheating

6.Wood Framing Second Level 38X140 Mm (2X6)

7. Floor Sheating

8. Wood Framing First Level 38X140 Mm (2X6)

9. Footing Foundation

10. Sip Panel

11. Internit 6Mm

12.Corrugated Metal Siding

House Type B Axonometric Legend


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1. Foam Expansion Slot (Vertical Wire Chase)2. Eps

3. Osb Splines Nailed 203Mm On Center

1. Electrical Chase2. Rim Joist

3. Foundation

4. Floor Joist

Sunpath Diagram

Concepcion, Chile

Prevailing Winds DiagramConcepcion, Chile

Panel Connection Isonometric Foundation Connection


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Additional

Studies

Alfredo Anda, Ph.D.

Mauricio Gonzlez


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6.00

A

N

Opcin 1


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25.0

0

A

.

118

Planta Baja

Sitio = 150 m2 ; Vivienda = 60 m2

A

3.20

3.3

0

60

3.20

1.2

0

A

2.0

0

.60


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A

9.3

8

2.1

0

1.8

8

1.6

9.3

8

4.0

8

A

1

0 m

+5 nivel del mar

.5 m

3 m

6 m

119

Planta Baja

30 m2

Primera Planta

30 m2

Corte A-A1:100

6.00

A

N

Opcin 2


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25.0

0

A

BB

.

120

Planta Baja

Sitio = 150 m2 ; Vivienda = 60 m2

3.20

8

2.0

0

A

1.20

1.6

0

A

1.45

3.3

0

.60

1.45


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9.3

4.0

8

A

BB

A

9.3

8

4.0

8

1

BB

0 m

+5 nivel del mar

.5 m

3 m

6 m

121

Planta Baja

30 m2

Primera Planta

30 m2

Corte B-BCorte A-A1:100


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Expostsismo Yumbel

Feria Emprendimiento para la Reconstruccin Sustentable


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Construccin con Madera y Barro


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Alfredo Andia

Mauricio Gonzalez

Andrea Preciado

Joseph Kim

Daniela Motta

Lucille Malacouti

Kevin Gurley

Relvy Moronta

Johana Bohorquez

Monica Mamani

post-tsunami, llico, chile. envisioning the post-earthquake and ………………… (2010)

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