Population ReviewPopulation Review

When natural selection occurs, what is the When natural selection occurs, what is the key factor that will determine which key factor that will determine which individuals will survive and pass on the individuals will survive and pass on the beneficial traits?beneficial traits?A. The traits that are more useful to humans A. The traits that are more useful to humans will be passed on will be passed on B. Size; the larger the animal or plant, the B. Size; the larger the animal or plant, the more likely it will survive more likely it will survive C. How large the initial population is C. How large the initial population is D. The environment will determine which D. The environment will determine which traits are most beneficial traits are most beneficial E. Natural selection is random and occurs by E. Natural selection is random and occurs by chancechance  

If a population of 100 birds increases If a population of 100 birds increases to 120 birds the following year, to 120 birds the following year, rr = = _____. _____.

A. 0. 16 A. 0. 16

B. 0. 20 B. 0. 20

C. 1. 2 C. 1. 2

D. 2 D. 2

E. 20E. 20

Population APopulation A

I. Is likely to have a higher level of education I. Is likely to have a higher level of education than population Bthan population B

II. Is likely to have had a recent decline in infant II. Is likely to have had a recent decline in infant mortalitymortality

III. Is likely to be poorer than population BIII. Is likely to be poorer than population B

A. I A. I

B. III B. III

C. I and IIC. I and II

D. II and III D. II and III

E. I, II, and IIIE. I, II, and III

A population of rabbits, introduced to A population of rabbits, introduced to an island, has rapid growth for a few an island, has rapid growth for a few years; then its growth slows. The years; then its growth slows. The population becomes stable becausepopulation becomes stable becauseA. the carrying capacity has been A. the carrying capacity has been reached. reached. B. environmental resistance declines. B. environmental resistance declines. C. immigration is reduced. C. immigration is reduced. D. r declines. D. r declines. E. Bergman’s Principle takes effect. E. Bergman’s Principle takes effect.

Countries undergoing rapid Countries undergoing rapid population decline may experience a population decline may experience a rise in the proportion of the populationrise in the proportion of the populationA. on “social security”. A. on “social security”. B. consuming a large fraction of B. consuming a large fraction of medical services. medical services. C. who are older people. C. who are older people. D. can face labor shortages. D. can face labor shortages. E. who fit all of these answers. E. who fit all of these answers.   

Rapidly growing countries have an age Rapidly growing countries have an age structure thatstructure that

A. forms an inverted pyramid. A. forms an inverted pyramid.

B. has a broad-based pyramid. B. has a broad-based pyramid.

C. shows little variation in population C. shows little variation in population by age. by age.

D. has a large postreproductive D. has a large postreproductive population. population.

Countries that have achieved ZPG Countries that have achieved ZPG have an age structure thathave an age structure that

A. forms an inverted pyramid. A. forms an inverted pyramid.

B. has a broad-based pyramid. B. has a broad-based pyramid.

C. shows little variation in population C. shows little variation in population by age. by age.

D. has a large prereproductive D. has a large prereproductive population. population.

E. has a large reproductive population. E. has a large reproductive population.

An exponential growth curve depicting An exponential growth curve depicting an ever-growing population is shaped an ever-growing population is shaped like the letter ____. like the letter ____.

A. J A. J

B. L B. L

C. M C. M

D. S D. S

E. NE. N

The age structure of a population is The age structure of a population is the number or percentage ofthe number or percentage of

A. females age 14 years or under. A. females age 14 years or under.

B. females age 15 to 44. B. females age 15 to 44.

C. males age 15 to 44. C. males age 15 to 44.

D. persons of each sex at each age D. persons of each sex at each age level. level.

E. persons of each sex age 15 to 44E. persons of each sex age 15 to 44

  

According to the theory of According to the theory of demographic transition, rapid growth demographic transition, rapid growth occurs during phaseoccurs during phase

A. 1. A. 1.

B. 2. B. 2.

C. 3. C. 3.

D. 4. D. 4.

E. 5. E. 5.

Two useful indicators of overall health Two useful indicators of overall health in a country or region arein a country or region are

A. birth rate and death rate. A. birth rate and death rate.

B. replacement-level fertility rate and B. replacement-level fertility rate and total fertility rate. total fertility rate.

C. life expectancy and infant mortality C. life expectancy and infant mortality rate. rate.

D. life expectancy and death rate. D. life expectancy and death rate.

E. population growth rate. E. population growth rate.

Two useful indicators of overall health Two useful indicators of overall health in a country or region arein a country or region areA. birth rate and death rate. A. birth rate and death rate. B. replacement-level fertility rate and B. replacement-level fertility rate and total fertility rate. total fertility rate. C. life expectancy and infant mortality C. life expectancy and infant mortality rate. rate. D. life expectancy and death rate. D. life expectancy and death rate. E. population growth rate. E. population growth rate.   

The The mostmost useful measure of fertility for useful measure of fertility for projecting future population change is projecting future population change is thethe

A. replacement-level fertility. A. replacement-level fertility.

B. one-year future fertility level. B. one-year future fertility level.

C. total fertility rate. C. total fertility rate.

D. birth rate. D. birth rate.

E. abortion rate. E. abortion rate.

Which of the following would contribute the Which of the following would contribute the greatest number to total population size in greatest number to total population size in one year?one year?

A. a country of 1. 5 million people with a A. a country of 1. 5 million people with a growth rate of 3% growth rate of 3%

B. a country of 5 million people with a growth B. a country of 5 million people with a growth rate of 2. 5% rate of 2. 5%

C. a country of 100 million people with a C. a country of 100 million people with a growth rate of 2% growth rate of 2%

D. a country of 500 million people with a D. a country of 500 million people with a growth rate of 1. 5% growth rate of 1. 5%

E. a country of 10 million people with a E. a country of 10 million people with a growth rate of 2. 5%growth rate of 2. 5%

When mosquitoes are very abundant, When mosquitoes are very abundant, purple martins flock to the area and purple martins flock to the area and specialize on them. When mosquito specialize on them. When mosquito populations are not large, purple martins populations are not large, purple martins are similarly scarce and feed on other are similarly scarce and feed on other insects. This is an example ofinsects. This is an example ofA. density-independent regulation. A. density-independent regulation. B. density-dependent regulation B. density-dependent regulation C. ecosystem carrying capacity. C. ecosystem carrying capacity. D. community carrying capacity. D. community carrying capacity. E. exotic regulation. E. exotic regulation.

Approximately how many females Approximately how many females are between the ages of 50 and 59?are between the ages of 50 and 59?

A. 500,000 A. 500,000

B. 5,000,000 B. 5,000,000

C. 20,000,000 C. 20,000,000

D. 30,000,000 D. 30,000,000

E. 50,000,000E. 50,000,000

The crude birth rate is the number of The crude birth rate is the number of live births per ____ persons in a given live births per ____ persons in a given year. year.

A. 50 A. 50

B. 100 B. 100

C. 500 C. 500

D. 1,000 D. 1,000

E. 10,000E. 10,000

Which of the following Which of the following bestbest describes the survivorship curve describes the survivorship curve you would expect to find for a you would expect to find for a Kangaroo?Kangaroo?

A. late loss A. late loss

B. constant loss B. constant loss

C. early loss C. early loss

D. no lossD. no loss

Which of the following factors leads Which of the following factors leads to an increase in biotic potential?to an increase in biotic potential?

A. too much or too little light A. too much or too little light

B. low reproductive rate B. low reproductive rate

C. too many competitors C. too many competitors

D. optimal level of critical nutrients D. optimal level of critical nutrients

E. specialized nicheE. specialized niche

The most common pattern of The most common pattern of population dispersion found in population dispersion found in nature isnature is

A. random. A. random.

B. clumped. B. clumped.

C. uniform. C. uniform.

D. dispersed. D. dispersed.

Worldwide, the largest density-Worldwide, the largest density-dependent cause of death isdependent cause of death is

A. natural disaster. A. natural disaster.

B. malnutrition. B. malnutrition.

C. heart disease. C. heart disease.

D. infectious disease. D. infectious disease.

E. car accidents. E. car accidents.

A country has a growth rate of 0. 2%, a TFR A country has a growth rate of 0. 2%, a TFR of 2. 6, and a net migration rate of -8. What is of 2. 6, and a net migration rate of -8. What is most likely true of this country?most likely true of this country?A. The population will likely decrease over A. The population will likely decrease over time. time. B. The population will likely grow for a few B. The population will likely grow for a few generations before stabilizing. generations before stabilizing. C. The population will likely grow for a few C. The population will likely grow for a few generations before shrinking. generations before shrinking. D. The population will likely increase at a D. The population will likely increase at a steady rate. steady rate. E. There is not enough information to tell. E. There is not enough information to tell.

Using the rule of 70, a population Using the rule of 70, a population growing at 3.5% would double ingrowing at 3.5% would double in

A. 7 years A. 7 years

B. 10 years B. 10 years

C. 15 years C. 15 years

D. 17 yearsD. 17 years

E. 20 yearsE. 20 years

According to the theory of According to the theory of demographic transition, birth rates demographic transition, birth rates make the most significant decline make the most significant decline during phaseduring phaseA. 1. A. 1. B. 2. B. 2. C. 3. C. 3. D. 4. D. 4. E. 5. E. 5.

Developing countries tend to have Developing countries tend to have a(n) ____ age structure diagram. a(n) ____ age structure diagram.

A. rectangular-shaped A. rectangular-shaped

B. inverted triangle B. inverted triangle

C. pyramid-shaped C. pyramid-shaped

D. square D. square

E. roundE. round

To determine the number of To determine the number of individuals that will be added to a individuals that will be added to a population in a specified time we population in a specified time we multiply the growth rate (multiply the growth rate (rr) by the) by the

A. biotic potential. A. biotic potential.

B. original population size. B. original population size.

C. environmental resistance. C. environmental resistance.

D. final population size. D. final population size.

E. number of immigrants. E. number of immigrants.

The total fertility rate (TFR) is an estimate ofThe total fertility rate (TFR) is an estimate ofA. the number of children that will survive to A. the number of children that will survive to adulthood. adulthood. B. the number of years a typical infant will B. the number of years a typical infant will live. live. C. the percentage of women in a population C. the percentage of women in a population that are able to have children.that are able to have children.D. the number of births per 1000 people per D. the number of births per 1000 people per year. year. E. the number of children each woman in a E. the number of children each woman in a population will have. population will have.

If the growth rate If the growth rate r r of a population is of a population is positive and remains constant, the positive and remains constant, the number of people added to the number of people added to the populationpopulation

A. remains constant. A. remains constant.

B. fluctuates randomly. B. fluctuates randomly.

C. decreases each year. C. decreases each year.

D. reaches carrying capacity. D. reaches carrying capacity.

E. increases each year. E. increases each year.

The biologist who studies interactions at The biologist who studies interactions at the “community” level investigates the “community” level investigates interactions betweeninteractions between

A. organisms of one species A. organisms of one species

B. populations of more than one species. B. populations of more than one species.

C. animals of one species. C. animals of one species.

D. social animals (like insects). D. social animals (like insects).

E. ecosystems. E. ecosystems.

The intrinsic growth rate of a The intrinsic growth rate of a populationpopulationA. directly affects environmental A. directly affects environmental resistance. resistance. B. causes changes in birth rates B. causes changes in birth rates without affecting death rates. without affecting death rates. C. causes changes in death rates C. causes changes in death rates without affecting birth rates. without affecting birth rates. D. is the maximum rate at which a D. is the maximum rate at which a population may increase. population may increase.

According to the theory of According to the theory of demographic transition, the highest demographic transition, the highest birth rates and death rates are likely to birth rates and death rates are likely to occur during phaseoccur during phase

A. 1. A. 1.

B. 2. B. 2.

C. 3. C. 3.

D. 4. D. 4.

E. 5. E. 5.

Approximately how many males are Approximately how many males are under the age of 10?under the age of 10?

A. 130,000,000 A. 130,000,000

B. 110,000,000 B. 110,000,000

C. 20,000,000 C. 20,000,000

D. 15,000,000 D. 15,000,000

E. 450,000E. 450,000

You observe uniform dispersion in a species You observe uniform dispersion in a species you are studying intensely. You predict that you are studying intensely. You predict that as you extend your work, you will findas you extend your work, you will findA. intraspecific competition and evenly A. intraspecific competition and evenly spread, scarce resources. spread, scarce resources. B. interspecific predation and evenly spread, B. interspecific predation and evenly spread, scarce resources. scarce resources. C. intraspecific competition and evenly C. intraspecific competition and evenly spread, abundant resources. spread, abundant resources. D. commensalism and clumped resources. D. commensalism and clumped resources. E. interspecific competition and evenly E. interspecific competition and evenly spread, abundant resources. spread, abundant resources.

Two species of aster can be found in a field in New Two species of aster can be found in a field in New York, and they tend to flower at the same York, and they tend to flower at the same approximate time in early spring. When some approximate time in early spring. When some ecology students decide to conduct an experiment ecology students decide to conduct an experiment in community dynamics, they selectively remove in community dynamics, they selectively remove one species from the field by handpicking all one species from the field by handpicking all plants of that species. When the one species is plants of that species. When the one species is removed, the other species shows a significant removed, the other species shows a significant increase in its population the next season. This increase in its population the next season. This study demonstratesstudy demonstratesA. competitive exclusion. A. competitive exclusion. B. niche fragmentation. B. niche fragmentation. C. niche realignment. C. niche realignment. D. resource partitioning. D. resource partitioning. E. interspecific competitionE. interspecific competition