population old

8/10/2019 Population Old

1/68

1. The table below gives human population statistics for country A and country B in millions.

1 5 01 1 08 06 05 0B

1 81 51 01 ! 01 0 0A

2 0 2 02 0 0 01 9 8 01 9 6 01 9 4 0Y e a r

C o u n t r y

"a# "i# $n the a%es below& sketchthe population growth curves for country Aand country

B& between the years 1'(0 and !0!0.

(3)

"ii# )hich country& Aor B& is most li*ely to be the developn!country+ ,%plain your

answer.

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"b# The age-se% pyramids below show the populations of developed and developing countries

in 1''8.

0 0 ! 5 0 ! 0 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 ! 0 0 ! 5 0 0 0 i l l i o n s

a l e s / e m a l e s

8 0 5 2 ' 0 2 (6 5 2 6 '6 0 2 6 (5 5 2 5 '5 0 2 5 (

( 5 2 ( '

( 0 2 ( (

5 2 ' 0 2 (

! 5 2 ! '

! 0 2 ! (1 5 2 1 '

1 0 2 1 (

5 2 '0 2 (

" e v e l o p n ! " e v e l o p e d

a l e s / e m a l e s

i l l i o n s

0 0 ! 5 0 ! 0 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 ! 0 0 ! 5 0 0 0

8 0 5 2 ' 0 2 (6 5 2 6 '6 0 2 6 (5 5 2 5 '5 0 2 5 (

( 5 2 ( '

( 0 2 ( (

5 2 ' 0 2 (

! 5 2 ! '

! 0 2 ! (1 5 2 1 '

1 0 2 1 (

5 2 '0 2 (

34ource World Population Prospects& 1''8 evision& 7opulation eference Bureau 2 nited 9ations.

www.prb.org--pdf-threepatterns.pdf.:

"i# ,stimate how many people under the age of 15 there are in developing countries

and developed countries.

;eveloping .......................................................................................................

;eveloped ........................................................................................................(2)

"ii# )hy is the number of people under the age of 15 important+

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"iii# ;iscuss the significance of t#odifferences& other than the number of people under

the age of 15& between the two age-se% pyramids above.

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($otal 11 &arks)

2. The diagrams below represent the area inhabited by& and the ecological footprint of& two human

populations. $ne population is from a developed country and the other from a developing

country. The diagrams are drawn to the same scale.

< A r e a

< , c o l o g i c a l f o o t p r i n t

' o p u l a t o n B' o p u l a t o n A

"a# )hich of the populations is most li*ely to be a developn!country+ ,%plain your answer.

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"b# 4tate ourpieces of information that would be necessary to calculate the ecological

footprint for any human population.

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"c# ,%plain t#oways in which the latitude of a country might affect the si=e of the ecological

footprint.

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"d# )hich of the populations& Aor B& is e%ceeding the carrying capacity of the area+ ,%plain

your answer.

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"e# "i# 4uggest t#oways in which the food production of the two populations might

differ.

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"ii# ,%plain how these differences could influence the si=e of the ecological footprints

of these two populations.

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"f# >ompare the sustainability and environmental impacts of fossil fuels and hydroelectricity

as sources of energy.

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($otal 1 &arks)

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3. The table below gives the appro%imate number of bird species found at different altitudes in

tropical 4outh America.

Alttude (&) *u&+er o speces

0?500 !000

500?1000 1'50

1000?1500 1550

1500?!000 1100

!000?000 '50

000?(000 500

(000?5000 !00

[Data from a diagram in Gaston K and Spicer J, Biodiversity: an Introduction, Blackwell Science, 1998]

(a Descri!e and e"plain t#e relations#ip !etween altit$de and n$m!er of speciess#own in t#e ta!le%

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(3)

(! Define habitat diversity and species diversity%

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(2)

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(c Gi&e tworeasons w#' !iodi&ersit' s#o$ld !e protected%

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(2)

(d $tline threec#aracteristics t#at an area s#o$ld #a&e if it is to !e designated anat$re reser&e or similar protected area%

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(3)

(e )n area of forest #as !een made a nat$re reser&e% *t is s$rro$nded !' farmlandwit# se&eral towns% Descri!e some of t#e c#anges t#at mig#t occ$r in t#e areafollowing its protection in t#is wa'%

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(2)

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(f Briefl' descri!e a named protected area or nat$re reser&e t#at 'o$ #a&e st$diedand e"plain #ow it #as !een managed to protect its !iodi&ersit'%

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(3)(Total 15 marks)

4. +#e following ta!le s#ows t#e #$man pop$lation (@ 10 of si" co$ntries for t#e 'ears

19- and .---%

/op$lation (@ 10

1960 2000

)$stralia 1- 19

Bra0il . 1.

2#ina 3- 1.4

5igeria 6. 1.7nited Kingdom 3. 39

7nited States 181 .83

[So$rce /op$lation eference B$rea$, www%pr!%org]

(a :rom t#e data a!o&e, determine

(i in w#ic# co$ntr' t#e pop$lation #as increased !' t#e greatest n$m!er%

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(1)

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(ii t#e percentageof pop$lation growt# in 5igeria%

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(1)

(! $tline factors t#at #a&e affected #$man pop$lation growt# in either5igeria or2#ina%

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(3)

(c (i Define t#e term sustainability%

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(1)

(ii State twofactors t#at ma' affect t#e #$man carr'ing capacit' of a co$ntr'%

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(2)

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(d State w#et#er t#e #$man pop$lation of a cit' is an open s'stem, a closed s'stemor an isolated s'stem% ;"plain 'o$r answer%

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%%%%%(3)

(Total 11 marks)

5. +#e pie c#arts !elow s#ow t#e $sage of water in t#e 7nited States and 2#ina%

C h n a

A g r i c u l t u r e

8

; o m e s t i c

6

n d u s t r y

, n t e d - t a t e s

A g r i c u l t u r e

( 1

; o m e s t i c

1 0

n d u s t r y

( '

Since 193- t#e glo!al rate of water wit#drawal from s$rface and gro$ndwater so$rces#as increased almost fi&efold andper capita $se #as tripled%

[So$rce


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(7)Epression o! i"eas (3)

(Total 17 marks)

6. +#e ta!le !elow pro&ides data on t#e ecological footprints of se&eral co$ntries%

#o$ntr% Total area & km2

'op$lation ootprint & hectares Total !ootprint o!

per hea" o! pop$lation pop$lation & km2

)$stralia -- --- 18 --- --- 1-%- 1 8-- ---

2#ina 11 --- --- 1 .-- --- --- 1%3 18 --- ---

Singapore 38- 4 --- --- %. .-- ---

[So$rce of data o!!on"ealth o# $ustralia, Department of ;n&ironment Sport and +erritories, 199, and

ot#er so$rces]

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(a (i ;"plain t#e term ecolo%ical #ootprint%

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(2)

(ii 2ompare t#e ecological footprints of t#e co$ntries in t#e ta!le, and e"plaint#e differences !etween t#em%

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(5)

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(! ) go&ernment is considering t#e !$ilding of a new power station to meet t#eco$ntr'Cs rising demand for energy. The choice at present lies between an oil2fired powerstation and a nuclear power station. 4tate one advantage and onedisad&antage ofeac#%

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(2)

(c State twoot#er strategies, !esides t#e !$ilding of a n$clear or oil=fired powerstation, t#at mig#t !e adopted to #elp meet t#e energ' needs of t#e people of t#eco$ntr'% State an ad&antage for eac# of t#e strategies 'o$ s$ggest%

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(2)

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(d (i Descri!e t#e c#aracteristics of a name"food prod$ction s'stem, listing itsinp$ts and o$tp$ts%

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(4)

(ii $tline oneimpact t#at t#e s'stem in (d(i #as on its en&ironment%

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(2)

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(e S$ggest, gi&ing reasons, threec#anges in t#e world food prod$ction s'stem t#atma' occ$r in t#e ne"t 3- 'ears%

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(3)(Total 20 marks)

7. +#e ta!le !elow s#ows t#e prod$ction of farmed fis# in different regions of t#e world in

1986 and 1993 (&al$es e"pressed as @ 104tonnes%

194 1995

)sia 8 6-- .3 ---

;$rope 4- 1 6--

5ort# )merica 446 68-

)frica 4- 1-

2entral and So$t# )merica 63- 3--

ceania 1 9

[>% S#e#ade# and ?r% J% ?aclean, :) :is#eries 2irc$lar? >886ev.1 "1''#./ood and Agriculture $rgani=ation of the nited 9ations:

(a Determine w#ic# region #ad t#ehighest percentageincrease in fis# prod$ction!etween 1986 and 1993%

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(1)

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(! Descri!e and e"plain t#e significance of t#e data in t#e ta!le%

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(4)

(c State onead&antage and onedisad&antage of fis# farming as a food prod$ctions'stem%

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(1)

Disad&antage %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

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(1)

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+#e grap# !elow s#ows t#e world ann$al catc# of t#ree t'pes of fis# !etween 193- and1998%

A n n u a l c a t c h - @ 1 0 t o n n e s

0

5 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 5 0 0

! 0 0 0

! 5 0 0

1

'

5

0

1

'

5

6

1

'

6

!

1

'

6

8

1

'

(

1

'

8

0

1

'

8

6

1

'

'

!

1

'

'

8

@ear

[So$rce :ood and )gric$lt$re rgani0ation t#e 7nited 5ations (.--1, :)S+)+, &isheries, on'line

database, www%fao%org]

(d S$ggest w#at t#e data s#own in t#e grap# indicate a!o$t t#e s$staina!ilit' of t#efis#er'%

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(3)(Total 10 marks)

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. +#e ta!le !elow s#ows t#e ecological footprints of se&eral co$ntries%

#o$ntr%Ecological !ootprint &hectaresper capita

Denmark 1-%3

;c$ador .%4

Aong Kong %1

5ami!ia -%

5ew >ealand 9%

5orwa' %1

[So$rce 2entre for S$staina!ilit' St$dies (.---, (he )colo%ical &ootprints and )colo%ical apacities o#

152 *ations]

(a (i Define t#e term ecolo%ical #ootprint%

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(1)

(ii State twofactors t#at affect t#e si0e of t#e ecological footprint of a co$ntr'%

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(2)

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(! Descri!e and e"plain t#e data in t#e ta!le a!o&e%

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(4)

(c :or a name"co$ntr', predict #ow food prod$ction met#ods mig#t c#ange in t#ene"t 3- 'ears%

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(3)(Total 10 marks)

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9. ?ost mem!ers of t#e gro$p of insects known as !ark !eetles infest dead or se&erel'weakened trees% ) few species will attack and kill li&ing, apparentl' #ealt#' trees% )narea of #ealt#' trees was spra'ed wit# a pesticide (DD+ to control t#e !ark !eetle%

(a State w#et#er t#e spra'ing of pesticides is an e"ample of point ornon=point

so$rce poll$tion%;"plain 'o$r answer%

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(2)

(! $tline onedirect met#od t#at co$ld !e $sed to monitor t#e le&el of poll$tionfrom spra'ing pesticides as s#own a!o&e%

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(2)

(c S$ggest and e&al$ate a strateg' t#at mig#t red$ce t#e impact of pesticides in t#een&ironment%

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(3)

+#e grap# !elow s#ows t#e resid$es of pesticides in fo$r different crops, 4 da's,

da's and 16 da's after application%

1

e s i d u e s o fp e s t i c i d e s - m g * g ?

7 o t a t o T o m a t o D e t t u c e 7 e p p e r0 . 0

0 . 5

1 . 0

1 . 5

! . 0

! . 5

. 0

d a y s

d a y s

> r o p s

1 ( d a y s

[So$rce ?odified from :rank and D iple' (199-, &ood +esidues #ro! ,esticides and )nviron!ental

,ollutants in -ntario.Jo#n


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(d (i Descri!e t#e data s#own in t#e grap#%

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(3)

(ii S$ggest oneimplication of t#e data s#own in t#e grap# for t#e #$mancons$mption of t#ese foods%

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(1)(Total 11 marks)

10. +#e fig$re !elow s#ows t#e c#anges in t#e percentage $se of &ario$s so$rces ofenerg' in a de&eloped co$ntr' !etween 196- and .---%

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7 e r c e n t a g e u s e

1 ' ( 0 1 ' 6 0 1 ' 8 0 ! 0 0 0

e n e w a b l e

9 u c l e a r

9 a t u r a l g a s$ i l

> o a l

E e a r s

1 0 0

5

5 0

! 5

0

[D


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(1)

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(c Descri!e t#e inp$ts and o$tp$ts of materials for a named commercial farmings'stem, in eithera terrestrial oran a$atic en&ironment%

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(4)(Total marks)

11. +#e grap#s !elow s#ow t#e world demand for meat and cereals for t#e 'ears 196,199 and t#e proEected demand for .-.-%

e a t > e r e a l s

)

o

rld

d

em

an

d

fo

r

m

eat

-

1

0

6to

n

n

es

0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

! 0 0

! 5 0

)

o

rld

d

em

an

dfo

r

cereals

-

1

0

6to

n

n

es

0

5 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 5 0 0

! 0 0 0

; e v e l o p e d ; e v e l o p i n g ; e v e l o p e d ; e v e l o p i n g

c o u n t r i e s c o u n t r i e s c o u n t r i e s c o u n t r i e s

. e y 1 ' ( 1 ' ' ! 0 ! 0

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[*:/*, *?/)2+ proEections, F.-.- Glo!al :ood $tlookF, (rends. $lternates and hoices(J$ne .--1%2o$rtes' of t#e :ood and )gric$lt$ral rgani0ation of t#e 7nited 5ations%]

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(a :or !ot# de&eloped and de&eloping co$ntries, calc$late t#e percentage increasein demand for cereals from 196 to 199%

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(1)

De&elopingco$ntries %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

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(1)

(! ;"plain t#e trends in t#e demand for meat and cereals as s#own in t#e grap#sa!o&e%

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(2)

(c S$ggest, gi&ing a reason, #ow t#e ecological footprint of de&eloping co$ntries

mig#t c#ange !' t#e 'ear .-.-%

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%%%%%(2)

(Total 6 marks)

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12. +#e diagrams !elow are pop$lation p'ramids for a So$t# )merican co$ntr' in t#e 'ear.--- and t#e predicted pop$lation of t#e same co$ntr' in .-.-%

5 0 0 0 ! 5 0 ! 0 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 ! 0 0 ! 5 0 0 0 5 0

7 o p u l a t i o n i n ! 0 0 0 " i n t h o u s a n d s # a l e / e m a l e

8 0 5 ? ' 0 ? (6 5 ? 6 '6 0 ? 6 (5 5 ? 5 '5 0 ? 5 (( 5 ? ( '( 0 ? ( ( 5 ? ' 0 ? (! 5 ? ! '! 0 ? ! (1 5 ? 1 '1 0 ? 1 (

5 ? '0 ? (

a l e / e m a l e7 r e d i c t e d p o p u l a t i o n i n ! 0 ! 0 " i n t h o u s a n d s #

8 0 5 ? ' 0 ? (6 5 ? 6 '6 0 ? 6 (5 5 ? 5 '5 0 ? 5 (( 5 ? ( '( 0 ? ( ( 5 ? ' 0 ? (! 5 ? ! '! 0 ? ! (1 5 ? 1 '1 0 ? 1 (

5 ? '0 ? (

[So$rce 7S 2ens$s B$rea$, *nternational Data!ase]

(a (i State #ow t#e totalpop$lation si0e is e"pected to c#ange !etween .---and .-.-%

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(ii 2alc$late t#e n$m!er of females aged -?1' years in the year !000.

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(iii ;"plain w#' t#e n$m!er of females aged -?1' in the !000 pyramid isimportant in predicting the population in !0!0.

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(2)

(i& State twowa's in w#ic# t#e data on t#e predicted si0e and age distri!$tionof t#e pop$lation in .-.- co$ld !e $sed to #elp t#e co$ntr' plan for t#ef$t$re needs of its citi0ens%

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(! State threenational policies t#at t#e go&ernment of a co$ntr' mig#t $se tored$ce t#e rate of pop$lation growt#%

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(c ;"plain w#ic# feat$res of t#e .-.- p'ramid indicate t#at t#e rate of pop$lationgrowt# is e"pected to #a&e decreased !' t#is date%

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(2)(Total 11 marks)

13. +#e diagram !elow s#ows someof t#e material flows w#ic# affect food prod$ction andfres# water reso$rces%

s o i l

a t m o s p h e r e

f o o d p r o d u c t i o n s y s t e m s

a F u i f e r s

r i v e r s

a v a i l a b l e f r e s h w a t e r r e s o u r c e s

(a Disting$is# !etween t#e terms sustainability and sustainable yield%

(2)

(! Descri!e and e"plain #ow food prod$ction s'stems and fres# water reso$rcescan !e managed s$staina!l'%

(10)

(c 7sing e"amples, s$ggest wa's in w#ic# non=renewa!le reso$rces, ecl$"ingfossil f$els, co$ld !e managed to red$ce t#e rate at w#ic# t#e' are !eingdepleted%

(5)Epression o! i"eas (3)

(Total 20 marks)

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14. +#e ta!le !elow pro&ides data on t#e car!on dio"ide footprint and t#e total ecologicalfootprintper capita, for selected co$ntries in t#e )sia=/acific region%

#o$ntr% *an" area & km2 'op$lation &

millions

#+2!ootprint

per capita& ha

Total !ootprint

per capita& haSingapore 94 6%43 11%-4 1.%43

Sri Canka 3 1- 19%9- -%.8 -%93

)$stralia 8 38- 19%6- 6%9 8%69

5ote 1-- #ectares (#a 1 km.

(a Define t#e term total ecolo%ical #ootprint%

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(2)

(! State and e"plain t#e differences in t#e si0e of t#eper capita 2.footprint in t#e

co$ntries s#own in t#e ta!le a!o&e%

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(c *dentif' w#ic# co$ntr' of t#ose listed #as t#e #ig#est total ecological footprint forits entire pop$lation%

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(d *dentif' an' co$ntries of t#ose listed t#at #a&e a total ecological footprint for t#eirentire pop$lation t#at is greater t#an t#eir land total area%

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(e State threead&antages and threedisad&antages of n$clear power%

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(f (i 5ame and !riefl' descri!e a food prod$ction s'stem t#at 'o$ #a&e st$died%

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(2)

(ii Cist threeinp$ts to, and threeo$tp$ts from, t#is food prod$ction s'stem%

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(g Descri!e t#e effect t#at t#is food prod$ction s'stem mig#t #a&e on t#e

en&ironment%

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(Total 1 marks)

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15. +#e ta!le !elow pro&ides data on pop$lation and reso$rce $se for some co$ntries inSo$t#=;ast )sia%

#o$ntr%

*an" area &

106ha

'op$lation &

millions

,rea o! ara-le

an" permanentcroplan" & 10

6ha

Ecological

!ootprint &haper capita

*ndonesia 18.% .41 44%3 1%68

?ala'sia 4.%9 .4 % 4%8

/#ilippines .9%8 8 1-%1 1%6.

+#ailand 1%. . 18%- .%-

Hietnam 4.%3 81 %6 -%9

[So$rce 5ationmaster (.--6, www%nationmaster%com]

(a (i State t#e meaning of t#e termper capita%

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(1)

(ii *dentif' t#e co$ntr' in t#e ta!le wit# t#e lowest pop$lation densit' (peopleper #ectare%

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(1)

(iii 2alc$late t#e percentage of t#e land $sed for crops in +#ailand%

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(! (i $tline t#e difference !etween ecological footprint and carr'ing capacit' fora #$man pop$lation%

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(ii *dentif' t#e co$ntr' in t#e ta!le wit# t#e largest total ecological footprint%

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(iii ;"plain w#' t#e relati&e proportions of meat and cereals eaten in a co$ntr'mig#t affect t#e si0e of its ecological footprint%

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(i& ;"plain w#' a co$ntr' wit# a largeper capita footprint is likel' to !e ade&eloped co$ntr'%

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(3)

(c (i ;"plain w#' generating electricit' $sing #'droelectric power instead of

fossil f$els mig#t red$ce a co$ntr'Cs ecological footprint.

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(1)

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(ii State twodisad&antages of #'droelectric power generation%

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(d (i 5ame a food prod$ction s'stem t#at 'o$ #a&e st$died and state threeinp$ts and threeo$tp$ts%

5ame of a food prod$ction s'stem

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(ii ;&al$ate t#e en&ironmental s$staina!ilit' of t#e food prod$ction s'stemnamed in (d (i a!o&e%

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(3)(Total 20 marks)

16. (a ) ;$ropean co$ntr' is planning to restart !$ilding n$clear power stations after aperiod of twent' 'ears in w#ic# no n$clear plants were constr$cted% Cist !o$rad&antages and !o$rdisad&antages of t#is c#ange in polic'%

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(! +#e ta!le !elow gi&es t#e nitrogeno$s fertili0er cons$mption for t#ree regions forcertain 'ears%

#ons$mption o! n!ertili/er in tho$san"s o! tonnes o!

nitrogenegion 1961 1971 191 1991 2001


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(iii Descri!e and e"plain t#e c#anges in fertili0er cons$mption for t#e t#reeregions o&er t#e period 191?!001.

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(4)

(c State twoo$tp$ts t#at mig#t res$lt from t#e increased $se of fertili0er on a farmin a de&eloped co$ntr'%

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(d (i Define t#e term ecolo%ical #ootprint%

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(ii Descri!e and e"plain t#e pro!a!le differences !etween t#e ecologicalfootprint of a s$!sistence farmer in )frica and a commercial farmer in)$stralasia or


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(ii 2alc$late t#e percentage nat$ral increase rate for t#e data a!o&e%

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(! (i /redict #ow t#e pop$lation of t#e co$ntr' is likel' to c#ange o&er t#e ne"t 3'ears%

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(ii *dentif' twopieces of data t#at s$pport 'o$r prediction in (! (i a!o&e%

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(2)

(c $tline tworeasons w#' women in de&eloping co$ntries $s$all' #a&e c#ildren ata 'o$nger age t#an t#ose in de&eloped co$ntries%

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(2)(Total 7 marks)

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1. +#e ta!le !elow gi&es t#e world prod$ction of energ' from se&eral so$rces for selected'ears%

Energ% so$rce ,nn$al orl" 'ro"$ction&101

o$les 'ercentage increase

190 1990 2000 190/2000

A'droelectric 19%-3 .4%9 .8%4

5$clear /ower 8%-- .1%66 .%96 .4 I

Geot#ermal, solar andwind power

-%69 1% 4%-8 3.9 I

[So$rce adapted from ;nerg' *nformation )dministration, International )ner%y $nnual 2002. 7S

Department of ;nerg', #ttpwww%eia%doe%go&ieacontents%#tml]

(a 2alc$late t#e a!sol$te increase in energ' prod$ction !etween 198- and .--- foreac# so$rce%

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(! 2alc$late t#e percentage increase in #'droelectric energ' prod$ction !etween198-and !000.

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(c Descri!e and e"plain t#e data in t#e ta!le a!o&e%

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(d $tline threedisad&antages of #'droelectric power%

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(e (i 5ame and !riefl' descri!e a food prod$ction s'stem (eit#er terrestrial ora$atic t#at 'o$ #a&e st$died%

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(ii ;&al$ate t#e s$staina!ilit' of t#e s'stem descri!ed in (e (i%

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(f (i Define t#e term ecolo%ical #ootprint%

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(ii 2ompare t#e pro!a!le si0e of t#e ecological footprint of an in#a!itant of ade&eloped co$ntr' wit# t#at of an in#a!itant of a less de&eloped co$ntr'%;"plain 'o$r answer%

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(3)(Total 20 marks)

19. +#e following !ar c#art s#ows t#e meanper capitadail' energ' intake (energ' contentof food cons$med per indi&id$al for two similarl' si0ed co$ntries% Belgi$m is a moreeconomicall' de&eloped co$ntr' in western ;$rope, and B$r$ndi is a less economicall'de&eloped co$ntr' in tropical )frica%

.

ean

p

e

r

c

a

p

ita

d

aily

en

erg

y

int

a*

e-*

I

B , D J

B 9 ;

1 6 0 0 0

1 ! 0 0 0

8 0 0 0

( 0 0 0

i n i m u m r e F u i r e m e n t

t o a v o i d m a l n u t r i t i o n

" 1 0 0 0 0 * I #

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[So$rce )dapted from Sac$et, )% (.--. orld $tlas o# ustainable evelop!ent% )nt#em /ressCondon]

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(a +#e pop$lation of Belgi$m is 1-%6 million and t#e pop$lation of B$r$ndi is %6million% 2alc$late t#e total ann$al energ' cons$med a!o&e t#e minim$mre$irement !' t#e pop$lation of Belgi$m, and t#e total !elow t#e minim$mre$irement !' t#e pop$lation of B$r$ndi%

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(! ;"plain #ow t#e difference in energ' intake of t#ese two pop$lations will affectt#e comparati&e si0e of t#eir ecological footprints%

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(c t#er factors t#at affect ecological footprint are listed !elow% ;"plain #ow t#e' arelikel' to differ in t#eir effect on t#e footprint of eac# of t#ese two co$ntries%

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(6)

(d *n 199 it was estimated t#at t#e energ' intake of 4 I of t#e world pop$lationfell !elow t#e minim$m re$irement, and in 1999 t#is estimate #ad dropped to 1I of t#e world pop$lation% *dentif' twostrategies t#at ma' #a&e led to t#isc#ange and e"plain #ow t#e' ma' #a&e contri!$ted to it%

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(4)(Total 14 marks)

20. (a )s well as t#eir direct impact on t#e atmosp#ere, t#e effects of fossil f$el $se arewidespread%Disc$ss t#e range of effects of fossil f$el $se on t#e en&ironment%

()

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22. +#e following ta!les s#ow predicted c#anges in t#e pop$lation !etween t#e 'ears .---and .-3- for two different co$ntries%

Ethiopia /op$lation(in t#o$sands

/ercentage of t#epop$lation in $r!an are

population old

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